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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Authoritarianism
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A political system in which individual freedom is subordinate to the power of the state. Power is concentrated in the hands of an individual or a very small group which is not constitutionally responsible to the people.
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Ayllu
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The basic unit of Andean society during the pre-Colombian period; an extended kinship group which certain hereditary rights to land usage.
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Criollo
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In Spain's American colonies, a person of Spanish ancestry born in the New World.
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Ejido
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In general, a system of land ownership in which a group of individuals communally owns and cultivates certain tracts of land. The Mexican government after the Mexican Revolution of 1910 actively sought to recreate and support ejidos as part of its land reform policy.
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Encomienda
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A tribute grant given to some Spanish colonists in the New World. Colonists were given the right to collect tribute (tax) in the form of goods or money from the Indian inhabitants of a particular area in exchange for Christianizing those same Indians. In some cases, before it was outlawed by the Spanish Crown, Native Americans were made to pay their tribute in the form of labor, working a certain amount of time for the benefit of the Spanish colonist who was called the encomendero.
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Latifundia
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A large landed estate, Latifundia are usually engaged in growing agricultural products for export to other countries. They also tend to use the latest technology (machinery, fertilizers, etc.) in growing their crops.
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Mestizo
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A person of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry.
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Military regime/Dictatorship
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A system in which one leader or a very small group of individuals (often called a junta) controls the country using military force and exercises absolute power.
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Oligarchy
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A government in which a small group, usually members of the upper class, exercises control.
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Repartimiento
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A system administered by the Spanish royal government which allocated Indian labor to Spaniards for work on haciendas, factories, roads or silver mines for a limited span of time (usually one month) at a fixed daily wage. The repartimiento was created to replace the encomienda system.
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Revolution
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A fundamental change in political organization leading to a restructuring of the socio-economic order.
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