History: Modern World History - Chapter 16: World War Ii (1939-1945)

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Timeline for WW II in Europe.

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"1938 France & Britain in an attempt at keeping the peace, gave part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland - had been part of Germany prior to WW I) to appease Germany territorial demands;

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The event that turned against Germany on the Eastern front was?

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the siege of Stalingrad

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Following the strategy of appeasement, European nations did not respond to Hitler's invasions of the Rhineland, Austria, or Czechoslovakia, but after Hitler's invasion of Poland ........

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....... Great Britain and France immediately declared war on Germany.

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The U.S declared war on Japan after

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the attack on Pearl Harbor

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the Battle of Midway

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Was the turning point in Pacific war. US destroyed four Japanese carriers and prevented the invasion of Midway

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WW II Timeline in the Pacific

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"1933 Japan invades Manchuria, creates puppet state;

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the invasion of the Philippines

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was completed by Japan on xxxx; Philippines were held captive until yyyy when USA returned to liberate them; Philippines occupation scenes of many war crimes the most notorious was the Bataan Death March

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the Battle of Guadalcanal

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Stopped Japanese advance through South Pacific

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Pearl Harbor Attacked

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On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched an air attack on U.S. battleships. The surprise attack destroyed nearly the entire Pacific fleet and prompted a declaration of war against Japan.

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Hitler initially tried to solve the "Jewish problem" by

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forced emigration but countries closed their doors, and ghettos; then moved to the final solution.

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creating ghettoes

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Jews forced to live in specific areas , which in some cases had barbed wire fences an guards.

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forced emigration

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Many Jews fled Germany voluntarily and the Nazis forced many others to emigrate. However, other countries including the US, began closing their doors to Jewish refugees. With no place to send Germany's Jews, Hitler searched for other answers to his "Jewish problem."

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the Final Solution

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Hitler's murder of millions of Jews and others out of racial hatred in pursuit of a pure "Aryan" society.

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World War II ended with

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the bombing of Nagasaki

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the Battle of the Bulge

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Last gasp effort of Germans to secure a stalemate an a conditional end to the war; initial success met with failure after the US counterattacked and Germans did not reach XXXXrotterdam their objective in an attempt to cut the allied forces in half.

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D-Day invasion

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Second front (beginning of liberation) in Europe, opened June 6, 1944 at Normandy France

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Bombing of Dresden

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Noted for the destruction to civilian population centers with no military objective - 100,000+ people died in the Dresden bombing which turned into a firestorm.

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Why did the war continue after Germany's unconditional surrender?

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Although Germany surrendered unconditionally to Allied forces on May 7, 1945, the war in the Pacific continued. Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, after the U.S. destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the atomic bomb.

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The most important accomplishment of the U.S. occupation of Japan was

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developing a new constitution: parliamentary democracy, monarchy reduced to ceremonial status; no military; woman suffrage; citizen's bill of rights

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demilitarization

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reduction in troop and war machines and production levels; reduction in influence of military and war as diplomatic options

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the war crimes tribunal

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convened to address violations of rules of war; most memorable from WW II was Nuremberg

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rebuilding Japan

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Japan adminstered by MacArthur; new constitution, rebuilt industry and social serices

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What did Japan's post world war II include?

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< > from an empire into a parliamentary democracy. It dramatically limited the power of the emperor, outlined a citizens' bill of rights, and extended women the right to vote.

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Blitzkrieg

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highly mobile war where troops are dispatched rapidly usually without warning to forward positions inside the opposing country

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Atlantic Charter

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"The Atlantic Charter August 1941, established a vision for a post-World War II world, despite the fact that the United States had yet to enter the war. The participants hoped that the Soviet Union would adhere as well, after having been attacked by Nazi Germany in June 1941 in defiance of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

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Holocaust

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name given the actions of Germany in murdering millions of Jews in Germany during WW II

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genocide

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act of murdering a group of people in effort to exterminate them

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D-Day

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June 6, 1944 marked invasion of France by allies in effort to liberate France from German occupation

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Nuremberg Trials

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war crimes trials of German officials and others after WW II

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Winston Churchill

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PM of England during WW II

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Battle Britain

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Air war fought over England in effort by Germans to prepare the way for invasion of England; inability to defeat English air force (RAF) prevented Germany from being able to invade

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Pearl Harbor

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US military base and harbor in Hawaii that was scene of Japanese sneak attack that destroyed the majority of the US Pacific fleet; no attempt by Japanese to follow the successful surprise air attack with an invasion

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Island Hopping

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Strategic of skipping and blockading some Japanese strongholds in the Pacific islands

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Aryan

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name of a group of people from an earlier civilization in the area of the Caucus mountains; taken by Hitler's propaganda machine to mean pure white racially

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Guadalcanal

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strategic island in South Pacific that was part of planned to eventually blockade and invade Australia; US defeated Japan for control of the Island in a long bloody campaign; chronicled in famous war time report - the Guadalcanal Diary

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Kristal Nacht

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notorious night of attempted intimidation and riot by Nazis storm troopers of people in their place of business or homes

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Ghetto

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living section designated by authorities as only place a group of people can live; in many cases it was patrolled and fenced in

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Final Solution

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name for German strategic program aimed at the extermination of Jewish people in German; program referred to as the Holocaust by victims and history

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Stalingrad

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Russian victory after being besieged by Germans in this town was turning point of war on Eastern front; German defeat and the destruction of several of its armies by the Russian reversed the momentum in the war.

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Kamikaze

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Japanese soldier who volunteered to crash their bomb laden aircraft into an American target - usually a naval vessel -in hopes of destroying it; goal was to prevent the invasion of Japan

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Why was the capture of Suez so important to the Axis powers?

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Cut off supplies to British in North Africa and Mediterranean; protected German eastern flank

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What was Japan's Yamamoto's objective in bombing Pearl Harbor?

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Destroy Pacific fleet; give Japan time to capture territory in Asia and then negotiate a favorable peace.

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How did Japan try to win support from other Asian countries?

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Started Asia for Asian propaganda campaign

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Name two tactics that Hitler used to rid Germny of Jews before creating his "FinalSolution."

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forced emigration, and prison like ghettos

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Why and what items were rationed during the war?

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shortages from productionand distribution reduction: fuel, meat, rubber, metal

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What was operation Overlord?

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Plan for reconquest of mainland Europe through France

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Why did Europeans leave their homes following the war?

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destruction, famine, no shelter

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What were two of the most important steps that MacArthur took in Japan following the war?

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Kept Emperor in place (if only cermonial); wrote new constititution

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Douglas Macarthur

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Military leader of US Army in Pacific; later military governor of Japan, and General in charge during Korean War

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Theodore Roosevelt

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President of US during most of WW II

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Rommel

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but effective reinforcement of Fortress Europe prior to D-Day; forced to commit suicide by Hitler for alledged involvement in plot to kill Hitler

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6. Battle of Stalingrad"

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"1. Allied victory prevented invasionof England;

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Compare and contrast Japan and Germany's goals in WW II.

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Very similar in that both wanted access to raw materials and markets provided to Allies by colonies. The few colonies that Germany had were taken away in Treaty of Versailles; Japan also wanted access to larger labor pool in China and Southeast Asia. Germany may have harbored some notion of world dominance whereas Japan would settle for ruling Asia.

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What was the purpose of places like Dachau, Buchenwald, and Sobibor

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Extermination or Labor and Extermination camps, were millions were murdered

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Munich Conference 1938

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1938 Russia, Germany, Britain, France, and Italy met in Munich to decide what action, if any, to take concerning Germany’s aggression in Czechoslovakia. This conference came to be known as the Munich Conference. While there, the allies decided to enact a policy of appeasement.

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Extermination camps

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Run by German SS to exterminate, mainly, Jewish people, nearly 6 million perished.

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Labor camps

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Run by Nazis to substitute slave-like labor for industrial production.

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Manhatten Project

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Code name for project that developed the Atomic Bomb.

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Neville Chamberlain

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British prime minister 1937-1940, whose policy of appeasement failed to avert the outbreak of World War II in Europe in 1939. Chamberlain confronted the threat to peace posed by Germany and Italy. Seeking to appease Adolf HITLER and Benito MUSSOLINI, he first negotiated a treaty with Italy accepting the conquest of Ethiopia on condition that Italy withdraw from the Spanish Civil War. Then persuaded Czechoslovakia to give into to German demands regarding Sudetenland.

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Fat Man and Little Boy

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Code names for Atomic Bombs dropped on nagasaki and Hiroshima.

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Vichy 1940-1944

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Two politically conservative men dominate this time period in French history Henri Petain, who was President of the Vichy Government, and Charles de Gaulle who led the Fighting French back into the war and into Paris in August 1944.The Vichy Government was born of defeat at the hands of the Germans in June of 1940. Military weakness and political divisiveness had combined to ensure a French defeat in only six weeks of fighting.

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Internment camps USA

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Use to unreasonably detain and house Americans of Japanese descent living on the Pacific Coast during WW II.

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Charles de Gaulle

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Former French colonel (later President) who led the Free French forces outside of France after the French government (Vichy) surrendered to Germans in 1940. France would not be liberated from Germans until 1944.