History Midterm Exam Identifications

Front 1

This Bohemian priest was declared a heretic for offering wine at Communion.

Back 1

Jan Hus

Front 2

On this day and date, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses.

Back 2

October 31, 1517

Front 3

This Holy Roman Emperor summoned Martin Luther to stand trial.

Back 3

Charles V

Front 4

This German prince sheltered Luther from the Emperor.

Back 4

Frederick the Wise

Front 5

Martin Luther lived and taught in this German City.

Back 5

Wittenberg

Front 6

England was attacked by the ex-husband of "Bloody Mary." What was his name?

Back 6

Philip II

Front 7

These were pardons for sins committed.

Back 7

Indulgences

Front 8

The belief that God has known, since the beginning of time, who would be "saved," and who would be "damned."

Back 8

Predestination

Front 9

Followers of Calvin in France were known by this name.

Back 9

Huguenots

Front 10

In 1534, Pope Paul II convened this great meeting to reform the Catholic Church.

Back 10

Council of Trent

Front 11

This queen ruled from 1558-1603 and patronized the arts in England.

Back 11

Elizabeth I of England

Front 12

Members of the society of Jesus.

Back 12

Jesuits

Front 13

This Flemish artist is most faous for his everyday scenes of peasant life.

Back 13

Peter Brueghal

Front 14

This book, by Erasmus, poked fun at all manner of men and women of his time, including pompous corrupt priests.

Back 14

Praise of Folly

Front 15

He was the architect who figured out how to put a dome on the unfinished cathedral in Florence.

Back 15

Filippo Brunelleschi

Front 16

This family, the wealthiest of the Europeans, gained control of the government in France.

Back 16

Medici

Front 17

This book, by Baldassare Castiglione, was written in order to teach people to become "universal men."

Back 17

The Courtier

Front 18

Both Michelangelo and Donatello sculpted statues of this Old Testament figure.

Back 18

David

Front 19

This artist designed the dome on top of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

Back 19

Michelangelo

Front 20

This artist, a true "Renaissance Man" painted both the "Last Supper" and the "Mona Lisa."

Back 20

Leonardo da Vinci

Front 21

This man instructed rulers in the art of political survival.

Back 21

Niccolo Machiavelli

Front 22

Art technique that creates three dimensions.

Back 22

Perspective

Front 23

Use of native languages instead of classical Latin.

Back 23

Vernacular

Front 24

Use of native languages instead of classical Latin.

Back 24

Vernacular

Front 25

In 1648, this treaty made the German princes independent of the Holy Roman Emperor.

Back 25

Treaty of Westphalia.

Front 26

The Royal family which ruled Austria from the 1500's to the end of WWI.

Back 26

Hapsburgs

Front 27

The royal family which took over in Russia after the "Time of Troubles."

Back 27

Romanovs

Front 28

"Too much money, chasing too few goods."

Back 28

Inflation

Front 29

This Czar fought a Great Northern War (vs. Sweden) in order to establish a seaport so that Russia might have a "Window on the West."

Back 29

Peter the Great

Front 30

Prussian king who started the War of Austrian Succession by sending his army to occupy Silesia.

Back 30

Frederick the Great

Front 31

The idea that kings and queens possessed their thrones because they were acting as God's representatives on Earth.

Back 31

Divine Right

Front 32

This war began with the revolt of the Czech Protestants against the Emperor.

Back 32

Thirty Years' War

Front 33

By the time that Charles VI of Austria died in 1740, he had persuaded most of the rulers of Europe to accept this person as his rightful heir.

Back 33

Maria Theresa.

Front 34

After the erratic and cruel reign of this Czar, Russia experienced a period of turmoil known as the "Time of Troubles."

Back 34

Ivan the Terrible

Front 35

An economic situation in which a country exports more than it imports. This was the goal of countries that practiced mercantilism.

Back 35

Favorable Balance of Trade

Front 36

The expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Back 36

Commercial Revolution.

Front 37

A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share their profits.

Back 37

Joint-stock company

Front 38

Chief Portugese colony in the New World.

Back 38

Brazil

Front 39

This European explorer's expedition was the first to sail around the world. He, himself, was killed in the Philippines.

Back 39

Ferdinand Magellan

Front 40

This conquistador led the Spanish to victory over the Inca empire in Peru.

Back 40

Francisco Pizarro

Front 41

The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.

Back 41

Columbian Exchange.

Front 42

First European to reach the cape of Good Hope.

Back 42

Bartholomiew Dias

Front 43

In 1498, his expedition reached Calicut, India.

Back 43

Vasco da Gama

Front 44

Chief city of French Canada.

Back 44

Quebec

Front 45

First to land in Mexico. Captured Montezuma.

Back 45

Hernando Cortez

Front 46

In 1598, this declaration of religious tolerance allowed the Huguenots to live in peace in France.

Back 46

Edict of Nantes

Front 47

Louis XIII was a weak king, who appointed this strong Prime Minister who worked to destroy Huguenot power and weaken the Hapsburgs.

Back 47

Cardinal Richelieu

Front 48

A revolt of the nobles in France, who realized that their power was diminished greatly by absolute monarchy.

Back 48

The Fronde

Front 49

This French king expressed his political philosophy when he boasted: "L'etat c'est moi" (The state is me.)

Back 49

Louis XIV

Front 50

This man's construction of a "New Model Army" turned the tide in favor of the Roundheads.

Back 50

Oliver Cromwell

Front 51

He escaped the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, and became first of the Bourbon kings in France.

Back 51

Henry of Navarre

Front 52

The idea that nothing can ever be known for certain - an expression of doubt towards churches that claimed to know the absolute truth.

Back 52

Skepticism

Front 53

Minister of Finance in the mid-1600's, who believed in mercantilism, and worked to make France economically self-sufficient.

Back 53

Jean Baptist Colbert

Front 54

The last of Louis XIV's disastrous wars, in which he attempted to unite the thrones of France and Spain.

Back 54

War of Spanish Succession

Front 55

The fabulous residence of the Sun King and his successors, which contributed to the draining of the French treasury.

Back 55

Versailles

Front 56

In 1603, Elizabeth die without heir, ending the Tudor dynasty. What was the name of the royal family which next ruled England?

Back 56

Stuarts

Front 57

This religious group dominated the English government for a few years and tried to abolish "sinful activities," such as dancing, theatre, and sporting events.

Back 57

Puritans

Front 58

In 1660, the English people invited Charles, the son of the beheaded king, to come back to Englands. The period of his rule, when public recreations were legalized again, is known by this name.

Back 58

Restoration

Front 59

James II was bloodlessly overthrown by his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange. This action was known as the...

Back 59

Glorious Revolution