History Midterm

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IROQUOIS

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- Confederation (Group of small tribes that were always at war with each other)
o“Blood Revenge”….if one of their men from their tribes die, that tribe would seek revenge
- They continued to do so until they started to realize they were diminishing each other
-1450, (50 years before Columbus) : 49 chiefs got together and decided to never fight again and they didn’t. This was known as the IRAQUOIS CONFEDERATION.

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COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

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• Europeans --> Indians
o Columbus brought iron to exchange
o This was new to the Indians; after this, they used iron for pots, iron axes…etc.
o Animals were introduced
 i.e. – Sheep, horse
• Indians admired the men on horses
• The horse became to centered
• Culture revolved around the horse (so they then were able to hunt buffalo)
• Changed the nation of warfare
• Indians --> Europeans
o Food: Tomatoes, potatoes...etc
 Changed the diet of the entire world

- The term is used to describe the enormous widespread exchange of agricultural goods, livestock, slave labor, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after 1492.
- Many new and different goods were exchanged between the two hemispheres of the Earth, and it began a new revolution in the Americas and in Europe

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MERCANTILISM

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- Let the people run their own government as long as they still send money to the government back at home.

-An economic theory which holds that the prosperity of a nation depends upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of trade is "unchangeable.

-Mercantilism suggests that the ruling government should advance these goals by playing a protectionist role in the economy, by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, especially through the use of tariffs.

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SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN

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- Founder of Quebec City earning him the nickname "Father of New France".

- He was also integral in opening North America up to French trade, especially the fur trade

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RICHARD HAKLUYT

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- He had an idea about the use of colonies
o Idea of mining the U.S. for gold and then leaving the U.S back to their country

o Colonies could then provide raw material and produce markets
o Place the “undesirables” (Criminals)

- He directed people to VA, went to Elizabeth saying they needed to send people to the U.S.

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SIR WALTER RALEIGH

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- The first English colony in the new world was established by Raleigh and located at Roanoke Island.

- The settlement was forced to abandon the island for a number of reasons. Most of the first settlers were not skilled farmers or gardeners; the soil on the island is very sandy, dry and infertile; and the settlers' primary motivation for venturing to America was to seek fortune in gold or other precious products

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CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH

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- Appointed by the VA Company to manage the new colony in America.

o He bargained with the English and Indians, “he that will not work shall not eat”

o Smith helped the colonists through 2 winters

o When Smith died, the colonists suffered a “starving time”: winter 1609-1610.

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JOHN ROLFE

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- 1612 – Discovered VA was a good place to grow tobacco, 5-6 years after settling into Jamestown

o The Indians had originally used tobacco for ceremonial reasons

- He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia
- The strain of tobacco cultivated by John Rolfe was the export cash crop that helped make the Virginia Colony profitable.

- Known as the husband of Pocahontas

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PILGRIMS

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- Came for religious purposes; to stay away from the church
- Their leadership came from a religious congregation who had fled a volatile political environment
- Concerned with losing their cultural identity, the group later arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America

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METACOMET

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- AKA King Phillip
- Was the leader of the Wampanoag Indians

- 1675 – King Phillips War
- In 1671 the colonial leaders of the Plymouth Colony forced major concessions from him.
o He surrendered much of his tribe's armament and ammunition, and agreed that they were subject to English law.

- The encroachment continued until actual hostilities broke out in 1675.
o Metacomet hurried to catch up with his warriors, to lead them in the uprising that would later bear his name, King Philip's War.

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WILLIAM PENN

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- Founded the Province of Pennsylvania, the British North American colony that became the U.S. state of Pennsylvania

- King Charles II of England had a large loan from Penn's father, after whose death, King Charles settled by granting Penn a large area west and south of New Jersey

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PURITANS

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- Came for religious purposes; Came to reform the church

o They took over the Pilgrim churches

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PLURALISM

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- The general sense, the affirmation and acceptance of diversity. The concept is used, often in different ways, in a wide range of issues.

o In politics, the affirmation of diversity in the interests and beliefs of the citizenry, is one of the most important features of modern democracy

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SALUTARY NEGLECT

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- Ignored transactions, because they make so much money

- An undocumented, though longstanding, British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep the American colonies subservient -or obedient- to Great Britain

- This policy, which spanned from about 1607 to 1750, allowed the actual enforcement of trade relations laws to be lenient. King George III ended this policy through acts such as the Stamp Act and Sugar Act, causing tensions within the colonies.

- It is believed that salutary neglect was a large contributing factor that led to the American Revolutionary War.

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MAYFLOWER COMPACT

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- The first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
It was drafted by the pilgrims

- The Mayflower Compact was signed to establish a civil government based upon a majoritarian model and to proclaim the settlers' allegiance to the king.
- A social contract in which the settlers agreed to abide by the rules of the government for the sake of their own survival