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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Father of History
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Herodotus 485-425BC -he was historian that began to give us written historical records. He was called the father of history. He was born on west coast of Asia minor which made him an Ionia Greek. He moved to Athens. His great work is the HISTORIES. Politician and war general. Exiled and this gave him time to research for his written works. He was an aristo and had inner access for interviews. Set up a new standard in historical writing.
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City that Father of History was from
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Halicarnassus -He was from this city
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Book that the Father of History wrote
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The Histories -War between Persians and Greeks. He was concerned with reality not legend He succeeded in giving history it's modern meaning. Chronicled Persian empire, Greece Sparta. He was very curious and loved to travel. He accumulated stories and he was an excellent story telling. Customs of non Greeks fascinated him. He DID weave tall tales into stories but never stop central theme of accuracy. He was impartial. Salamis was the great navel battle. Platyus came later
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Greek word for History
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Historia -Means investigation. Only after the Histories did this word gain its modern meaning
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Father of Scientific History
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Thucydides - Exact knowledge of facts. Impersonal detached and reserved. Hearsay not allowed. Must be based on proven facts. The absence of romance will detract somewhat from its interest but I shall be content if judged useful by those who want exact knowledge of past as an aide to interpretation of the future. Greatest historian of antiquity. Very rigorous. Aspects that have transcended the ages are architecture with construction of large temples of stone
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Main stone temple in Athens dedicated to Athena patron of the city
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Parthenon -Form of stone temples developed from earlier wooden structures. They were translated into stone to last longer. The Persian invasion reduced Athens into a heap of stone but this led to rebuilding. Periclis rebuilt Athens to honor Athena the patron goddess of the city. began work in 447 bc
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Temple of Athena Nike
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Propylae (propyle) -Gateway to a temple….The Propylae means the temple of Athena Nike. Ceremonial gateway of the Acropolis. Doric columns that seem to hold up the sky.
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Alternate persona for Athena - This means goddess of Victory
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Athena Nike -To the front and right is a temple built to commemorate the victory over the Persians. Athena had number of personas. Her she is goddess of victory
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Ionic temple
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Erechtheum -Building to the left of above. Ionic temple houses shrines
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Three orders of architecture of columns. Name oldest to younger
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"Doric, Ionic, Corinthian -Three orders of architecture. Doric is very plain and no bottom pedestal and the top capital is very plain too. Very massive used for large architecture.
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Ionic columms are not as massive, used for smaller buildings and they have scroll like capital at the top.
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Corintian - very fancy has leaves on the capital. Hellenic times they used Doric and Ionic style"
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Name of portico whose roof is supported by Athenian maidens
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Caryatids -Portico whose roof is supported by Athenan maidens. Supporting column in the form of a female.
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Alternate personal for Athena - the maiden virgin
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Athena Parthenos -Thought by many to be the perfect Doric temple. Was the chief monument to Athena. Takes note of one of her personas. She is the maiden known as Athena Parthenos Athena the maiden virgin. Structure built of slight curves to avoid the allusion of sagging. Also appears with regularity but the columns were built on purpose slightly inward. They showed knowledge of math, optics and design and went beyond the obvious to create harmony for the viewer
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name for building something with a slight curve as optical illusian of it being straight
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Entasis -Building with slight distortion / curves. Build with slight curve from bottom to top
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stiff rigid earliest form of sculpture - what period would this have been in
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Archaic period (sculpture) -600-500BC sculpture - still rigid and stylized in representing human anatomy. Not natural yet. They were stiff and clinched fists like Egyptian models. This is before the Classical period when the Parthenos was built when sculpure became more natural and life like. The hair also shows level of mastery. 5th century transitioned into Classical period. Displays idealizam of the human form which reached culmination in statues in parthenon.
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sculpture who build ivory and gold sculpture of Athena in the parthenos
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Phidias 500-432 BC -Master sculpture. Built gold and ivory sculpure of Athena that was in the parthenos. Also known for momumental Athena of gold and ivory and statue at Peloponisea and sculpture of Zeus that is now lost to history. This statue of Zeus is known as one o the 7 wonders of the ancient world
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another classical sculpturer who created the discobolus
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Myron -Another sculpture in classical period
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name of sculpture that is throwing a discus and is anatomically correct
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Discobolus -Myron's sculpture - throwing the disccus. He chose moment just before casting off the disc and is anonomically correct. This is 5th century classical period. In the 4th cenntury classical period, you get more relaxed charm grace individuality
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another classical sculpturer who created hermes holding young Dionysus
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Praxiteles 350 BC -Another sculpture in classical period in the 4th century. Seen in status Hermes holding young Dionysus
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only undisputed original classical greek sculpture
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Hermes Holding the Young Dionysus -sculpture by Praxiteles. Only undisputed original classical greek sculpture. Hermes was the messenger of the gods. IN roman pantheon it was mercury. Other aspects of life was theater
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who choose which play would be given each year and who paid for it
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Annual Theater -Annual theater- archons chose which play would be the annual play and wealthy citizens had to pay for the production. The arcons had excellent taste and some were controversial. The archons did not censur what was chosen. Themes included life's basic conflict, drama of good and evil
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who was the god of wine
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Dionysus -god of wine
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Father of Tragedy
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Aeschylus 525-456 -first of the great athenian dramatists. Had talent for creating dramtic storm
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Triolgy written by Aeschylus
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Orestia -his play betrayal, murder and reconciliation. A trilogy that can produced seperately when combined complete the story. The Orestia was a trilogy
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1st in Orestia Trilogy
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Agamemnon -First play in Orestia trilogy. Depicts return of Mycenon king and his murder by his queen and her lover. Gloomy foreboding chorus and constant raving voice of prophetess Casandra (cursed by Apollo because she refused his advances to prophesy correctly but no one will believe you). Until suddenly Agamemnon death scream off stage when killed. You sound like a greek chorus (repeatedly underscores a point that has already been made). Modern opera got its start by humanist trying to bring back the greek drama with greek chorus during the early renaissance
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2nd in Orestia Trilogy
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Arestes -Second trilogy Son of Agamemnon avenges his father's death but has dilemma that the murderous was his mother and he had to kill her and her lover
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3rd in Orestia Trilogy
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Furies -works out atonement of Arestes - Furies were goddesses who pursued those that did serious wrong doing and they would hound you and what not. Modern equivalent to modern consciences Trial is held in Athens with Athena preciding. During the trial there were 6 votes to condemn and 6 to acquit and Athena had deciding vote to acquit him through her grace an forgiveness. Author urged reason and justice that was the moral of the story
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Dramatist that wrote Oedipus the King
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Sophocles 496-406 -Another playwright. His life was long and happy and ended before tragic downfall of his city at the end of the peloponeesn war. He had noble birth good likes and was popular. He was of the younger generation. The experience that separated them was the conflict of the Persian War which was before the later Peloponnesian war. He lived in between these wars which influenced his writing. The quality of speech changed. He made it more natural. No longer gods and demigods. He used mere mortals in his plays. There are still arch types but they are draw with more individual detail an variety
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Sophocles play that describes the tale of a passionate young woman who refuses to submit to earthly authority when the King forbids a proper burial for her brother
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Antigone -Play explored ties of kinship vs demands of polis. His brother attacked Thebes and died. The king refused body to be buried. Antigone is appalled by king's reaction due to religious and custom demands. If cant bury person was condemned to wander in the afterlife. She secretly buries her brother. King finds out and orders her to be buried alive even though she is engaged to his own son. Soon after he countermands his own order but she had already committed suicide. Son finds her and commits suicide too and the wife finds out and kills herself too. King is left with grime warning against abuse of power and applying law with reason and justly if one wants harmonies city state
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The Antigone King that refused burial
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Creon -King that refused burial in the city.
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play that explores the depths of modern psycho-analysis as Oedipus unwittingly kills his father and marries his mother in an attempt to avoid a prophecy he fulfills anyway
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Oedipus the King -Another of his masterpieces
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Playright that was more morass and solitary - wrote Medea
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Euripides 480-406 -Another playwright. Not affable like prior playwright. He was morass and solitary and constantly lampooned by critics but was later considered a more revolutionary thinker. Like the others of his day, he presents time honored myths. However, he was interested in the old tales as vehicles for social comment. He viewed human soul were opposing forces struggled (good and evil). He main theme is man's flawed character when man gives in to passions etc. that leads to disaster. His plays include Phaedra, Medea and the Trojan Woman
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later play based by Euripides
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Phaedra, -later play based on Euripides Hippolytea
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* Medea, where he takes a look at the frenzied jealousy of a woman who has lost her husband's interest.
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Medea -Euripides play - Medea, where he takes a look at the frenzied jealousy of a woman who has lost her husband's interest.
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The Trojan Women is a tragedy centering on the horror of war and its aftermath.
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The Trojan Woman -Euripides plan - The Trojan Women is a tragedy centering on the horror of war and its aftermath.
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Why was the theatre called Dionysus
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Theater of Dionysus -Theater of Dionysus - foot of the acropolis. Called this because Dionysus was Greek god of wine and god of drama. There were also comedies with barbed and bawdy wit.
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Father of Comedy
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Aristophanes 445-386 -Their plays dealt with comedies that made fun of the polis and those politicians deemed incompetent pretensions.. It is a tribute that such attacks were allowed. Freedom of speech. He used his art to dramatize his thoughts on the value of polis and the actions of politicians and how they should act
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Describe typical Greek house
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Greek housing -The Athenians were typical of Greeks in general. They lived contentedly with few material possessions. The houses were simple and unadorned. Consisted of a series of rooms built around central courtyard with doors that opened on to it. By modern standards there was not much furniture.
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Describe slave conditions in Hellenistic Greece
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Slavery -was common place in Greece. They were foreigners barbarian as well as Greeks from another local. To ancient Greeks barbarian had different meaning - someone who was not greek. Did have some bad connotations - someone who did not share in the customs and culture of the Greeks and was considered somewhat less. they did have some protection under the law and if they had marketable skills they got paid and gave part to master and saved the rest to buy their freedom. Masters could mistreat slaves but it was illegal to kill them. Worse conditions were in the silver mines. but most were domestics who performed house work. Slave labor never replaced free labor. Most Athens supported themselves with agriculture but land was poor and it was a difficult life. Wealthily land owners sold excess but most consumed what they raised. They were free . not wealthily but not poor.
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Name of silver mine
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Laurium -Silver mines. Greeks did not have a bunch of slaves per person unless they were slaves in the Laurium silver mines.
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role of athenian wife
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Athenian women -status of free woman was strictly protected by law. Only her children could be citizens. Her husbands bastards could not be citizens. A greek woman had no political role and her social life was limited. She could attend public festivals, funerals etc. But mostly stayed home and pale complexion was valued highly. At home her main function was to raise children, oversee slaves, and make cloth through weaving
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name for prostitutes
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courtesans -Prostitute. Lived with the most freedom of all athenian women. Some added intellectual accomplishments. Highborn women had little contact with education. Courtesans were able to become educated if they had a wealthy patron
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name for high end courteseans that were highly educated and were highly sought after
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Hetaera -Courtesans that moved freely in greek society. They appealed to men who wanted more than sex. They were high class courtesans who were highly educated and were much sought after
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Famous Hetaera
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Asposia -Mistress of Pereclese and befriended with Socretes. She was well known for being smart
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Describe religion
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Religion -Religion - they had not central faith other than the old dieties but the cult of these gods and goddess varied from polis to polis
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what was a cult
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Cult -a system of religious observations and this varied from polis to polis -had no ethical code of conduct
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was religion ritual or belief based
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Greek Religious Practices -the greeks had no sacred books and religion was more ritual than belief
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was there a central church during this time in Hellenistic age
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Greek Religious Practices -The greeks lacked a priesthood that made religious rules or doctrines. They took care of the temple. There was no central church or authoritiy and no organized creed or established articles of belief or worship
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were religious gathering somber or cheerful
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Greek Religious Practices -Althought temples to the gods were common they were not normmally places where a congregation met to worship. Greek religious times were cheerful and social occasions- not pious occasions
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