History Jargon C-D

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capital/ -ism

Back 1

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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capitol

Back 2

a building housing a legislative assembly

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capitulate

Back 3

cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; surrender

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cartel

Back 4

an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition

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casualty

Back 5

a person or thing badly affected by an event or situation

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causation

Back 6

the action of causing something

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celibacy / celibate

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abstaining from marriage and sexual relations, typically for religious reasons

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central / -centric

Back 8

of, at, or forming the center

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circa (c. ca.)

Back 9

approximately

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city-state

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a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state

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citizen

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a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized

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civilization

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the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced

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chauvinism

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exaggerated or aggressive patriotism

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chivalry

Back 14

courteous behavior, esp. that of a man toward women

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class struggle

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(in Marxist ideology) the conflict of interests between the workers and the ruling class in a capitalist society, regarded as inevitably violent.

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classical

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of or relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture

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coerce / coercive

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persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats

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coincidence

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a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection

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colony, colonial

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a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country

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communal

Back 20

shared by all members of a community; for common use

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communism

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a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

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conjuncture

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a combination of events

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conscript / -ion

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enlist (someone) compulsorily, typically into the armed services

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conservative

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holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion

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constitutionalism

Back 25

constitutional government

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consumer / -ism

Back 26

the preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods

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conflate

Back 27

combine (two or more texts, ideas, etc.) into one

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consumer

Back 28

a person who purchases goods and services for personal use

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context

Back 29

the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed

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continent

Back 30

any of the world's main continuous expanses of land

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contingency

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a future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty

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convention / -al

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based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed

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converge

Back 33

come together from different directions so as eventually to meet

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corporation / corporate

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a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity

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corollary

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a proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved

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correlation

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a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things

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cosmopolitan

Back 37

familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures

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coup d'état

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a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government

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-cracy

Back 39

denoting a particular form of government, rule, or influence

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craft

Back 40

an activity involving skill in making things by hand

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credit

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the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future

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currency

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a system of money in general use in a particular country

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darwinism

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the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin

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debit

Back 44

an entry recording an amount owed, listed on the left-hand side or column of an account (a payment made or owed)

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debt

Back 45

something, typically money, that is owed or due

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deficit

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the amount by which something, esp. a sum of money, is too small

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deforestation

Back 47

clear (an area) of forests or trees

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deity / deism

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a god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion) / belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe.

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democracy

Back 49

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives

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demography

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the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations

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destiny

Back 51

the events that will necessarily happen to a particular person or thing in the future

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determinism

Back 52

the doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will

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dictator / -ship

Back 53

government by a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force.

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diffuse / diffusion

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spread or cause to spread over a wide area or among a large number of people

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diplomacy

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the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad

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diversity

Back 56

the state of being diverse; variety

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divinity / divine

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the state or quality of being of, from, or like God or a god

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doctrine

Back 58

a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group

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document

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a piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides information or evidence or that serves as an official record.

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dogma / dogmatic

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a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true

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domestic

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of or relating to the running of a home or to family relations OR (of an animal) tame and kept by humans

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draft

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compulsory recruitment for military service

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dualism

Back 63

the division of something conceptually into two opposed or contrasted aspects, or the state of being so divided

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dynasty

Back 64

a line of hereditary rulers of a country