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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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monopoly
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complete control over a market or product
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Struggle for Power over India
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France and Britain were the main competitors. Both countries competed to control small kingdoms in India. By the 1760s the British over came the French
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East India Company
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Owned by Britain. Forced Indian rulers to sign treaties, granting the EIC greater power. EIC gained the right to tax
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Sepoys
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Indian troops who serve in the British Army
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Sepoy Rebellion
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Sepoys heard rumors that the cartridges for their rifles were greased with beef and pork fat. The Sepoys rebelled, but were settled quickly.
Hindus- Cow Sacred Muslim- Pig dirty |
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Effect of Sepoy Rebellion
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1858- Britain took India as a colony
1876- Queen Victoria took the title Empress of India. The Rebellion left a lasting distrust between the Indians and British |
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Effect of British Rule
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Good: improved roads and modernized ports, built railroads and telegraph systems
Bad: Famines became frequent and widespread |
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Indian Nationalism
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Indian nationalism was strongest among the British-educated elite. Mostly upper and middle class. Two groups were formed. The Hindus formed the Indian National Congress, and the Muslims formed the Muslim League.
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Amritsar Massacre
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4/13/19. More than 10,000 Indians gathered in a public courtyard of the Sikhs holy shine. General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on innocent men, women, and children. 379 people were killed and 1,100 were injured.
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Gandhi
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He came from a middle class Hindu family and went to England to study law. Gandhi also went to SOUTH Africa to practice law. There he learned about discrimination and the cruelty of the caste system
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Satyagraha
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"Truth Force" Respect for all life.
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Civil Disobedience
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Henry David Thoreau was the first to start it. It's the refusal to obey unjust laws
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Gandhi's principles/ideas
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Hindu beliefs and christian traditions. He came to admire the Christian teachings of love. He wanted to "convert the wrongdoer". He wanted to make the world aware of Britain injustice by accepting punishment without striking back.
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Harijan
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Called "children of God" by Gandi
They were most commonly called the "untouchables" |
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The Salt March
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When Britain heavily taxed salt, Gandhi led a peaceful march of 200 miles to the ocean to get sea salt. Thousands of people came along. The British stopped and imprisoned 50,000 people, but had to quickly release them because they couldn't afford that.
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India Independence Act
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1947- ended British rule in India
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The Partition
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When the India Independent Act divided India into India, East Pakistan and West Pakistan. East and West Pakistan were for the Muslims and India was for Hindus.Millions of peopel migrated to get to where they belonged. Many people died on the journey, but a number of people died from violence.
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India's Government
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1949- wrote a constitution that created 25 states and 7 territories. It divides power between the federal and state governments. Set up a Parliamentary Democracy.
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Parliamentary System
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based on the British form of government. President is the head of state, but has little power (like the queen of England). The leader is the Prime Minister. There are two houses as well
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Rajya Sabha
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Also called council of State. It is the upper house. Its members are chosen by the state legislature
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Lok Sabha
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Also called House of the People. It is the lower house. Has more power than the upper house. Voters elect the members
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Coalition
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several parties joined to rule
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Dividing Forces of India
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The caste system: Creates an unequal society with the rich as the most powerful. The government as tried to outlaw the caste system, but it is more of a mind set or opinion that has become a way of life.
Cultural Diversity: Some ethnic and language groups have demanded their own counrties. With people so diverse and different it is hard to find something in common in everyone Religious groups: The Sikhs who occupied the Amritsar Temple wanted their own country, and the Hindu-Muslim clashes has divided the country and caused violance |
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Unifying Forces of India
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Democracy: Most Indians have faith in democracy and agree with the government which keeps India peaceful and unified
Traditions: Hindu and ancient traditions has kept India unified. If the people mostly live in similar ways they are less likely to fight. Communication: new communications caused less misunderstandings and faster communication which benefited large groups of people Leaders: India has had many strong leaders that have tried to keep India as secular and modernized as possible |
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India's Leaders
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Nehru: Ruled 17 years after independence. Ruled a secular and casteless country
Indira Gandhi: Ordered troops to attack the Sikhs occupying the Amritsar Temple. Was assassinated by her two Sikh body guards. Rajiv Gandhi: During a civil war in Sri Lanka, he sided with the Sinhalese-Buddhists, and was murdered by their opponents the Tamil-Hindus |
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Congress party
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Has been the main political party since independent intill the 90s. Was mostly secular
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Bharata Janata Party
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Dominated the congress party. Hindu
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Division Between East and West Pakistan
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West Pakistan dominated the government and only promoted industry and aid to people in the west. East Pakistan was devastated by a cyclone, and when the government was slow to send aid East Pakistan was furious. East Pakistan broke away and is now Bangladesh
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Pakistan
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The government is heavily invested on agriculture. The government built chemical, auto, and steel factories to become independent of foreign aid.Illiteracy is high and millions of people live in poverty. Pakistan has experienced long periods of military rule. Pakistan has made the Koran (Muslim Bible) the law of the land.
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Bangladesh
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Natural disasters and a huge population has limited progress in Bangladesh. The population grow faster than the crops so millions of people go hungry everyday. Global prises for cash crops are down and cash crops are Bangladesh's main source of income. Bangladesh few roads and bridges
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Afghanistan
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Afghanistan has a very diverse population; over 70 different languages are spoken. In the 1990s the Taliban took over Afghanistan and imposed an extreme form of Muslim of the country. The Taliban also supported Al Qaeda. Afganistan is one of the poorest countries in the world and war has left the country in ruins.
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Sri Lanka
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Sri Lanka has developed its nation on export crops. 70% of Sri Lankans speek Sinhalese and practice Buddhism. Another 18% speek Tamil and practice Hinduism. The Tamils complain that they are discriminated in jobs, education, and land ownership. This caused violence.
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Bhutan
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A monarchy with most of its people Buddhist. Until the 1960s Bhutan didn't even have paved roads
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Nepal
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A monarchy with most of its people Hindu. The growing population caused deforestation because the forrest needed to be cleared to grow crops.
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Conflict over Kashmir
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Kashmir is located on the border of India and Pakistan. The Indus River and its tributaries flow through Kashmir. Pakistan and India both want control over the land to control the irrigation. Kashmir ended up divided between the 2 countries.
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Plebiscite
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A popular vote
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Nuclear Weapons
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Fighting between India and Pakistan posed a greater risk because they both had nuclear weapons. This could've caused a lot of destruction and other nuclear wars.
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India During the Cold War
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India was nonaligned but accepted aid from both the US and Russia.
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India and China
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China occupied Tibet. Tibetans wanted freedom. India saw China as a threat because Tibet was right on the border of India.
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Pakistan During the Cold War
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Anti-communist. saw Russia as a threat. Had close ties with middle east countries because of their common religion and because Pakistan was closer to these nations
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