History Id Sheet 1

Front 1

James G. Blaine

Back 1

The 1884 nomination for the Rebublican presidential candidate.

Front 2

Venezuelan boundary dispute

Back 2

Dispute between the U.S. and Britain involving the point at which the Venezuela / Columbia border was drawn. Britain eventually won the dispute.

Front 3

Yellow Journalism

Back 3

Term used to describe the sensationalist newspaper writings of the time.

Front 4

Josiah Strong, Our Country

Back 4

In this book, Strong argued that the American country and people were superior because they were Anglo-Saxon.

Front 5

Captain Alfred Thayler Mahan

Back 5

He was a proponent of building a large navy. He said that a new, modern navy was necessary to protect the international trade America depended on.

Front 6

De Lome Letter

Back 6

Written by the Spanish minister in Washington, Dupuy de Lôme, it was stolen from the mail and delivered to Hearst. He had called McKinley weak and bitter. It was played up by the yellow journalists.

Front 7

Maine explodes

Back 7

February 15, 1898 - An explosion from a mine in the Bay of Havanna crippled the warship Maine. The U.S. blamed Spain for the incident and used it as an excuse to go to war with Spain.

Front 8

Commodore Dewey, Manila Bay

Back 8

May 1, 1898 - Commodore Dewey took his ship into Manila Bay, in the Philippine Islands, and attacked the Spanish Pacific fleet there. The U.S. had been planning to take this strategic port in the Pacific. Dewey caught the Spanish at anchor in the bay and sank or crippled their entire fleet.

Front 9

Queen Liliuokalani

Back 9

Queen of Hawaii who gave the U.S. naval rights to Pearl Harbor in 1887. Deposed by American settlers in 1893.

Front 10

Annexation of Hawaii

Back 10

By the late 1800s, U.S. had exclusive use of Pearl Harbor. In July 1898, Congress made Hawaii a U.S. territory, for the use of the islands as naval ports.

Front 11

Rough Riders, San Juan Hill

Back 11

1898 - Theodore Roosevelt formed the Rough Riders (volunteers) to fight in the Spanish- American War in Cuba. They charged up San Juan Hill during the battle of Santiago. It made Roosevelt popular.

Front 12

Treaty of Paris

Back 12

Approved by the Senate on February 6, 1898, it ended the Spanish-American War. The U.S. gained Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

Front 13

American Anti-Imperialist League

Back 13

A league containing anti-imperialist groups; it was never strong due to differences on domestic issues. Isolationists.

Front 14

Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba

Back 14

The U.S. acquired these territories from Spain through the Treaty of Paris (1898), which ended the Spanish-American War.

Front 15

Walter Reed

Back 15

Discovered that the mosquito transmitted yellow fever and developed a cure. Yellow fever was the leading cause of death of American troops in the Spanish-American War.

Front 16

Insular cases

Back 16

Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.

Front 17

Platt Amendment

Back 17

A rider to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901, it specified the conditions under which the U.S. could intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, and provided that Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that might impair its independence. Its provisions where later incorporated into the Cuban Constitution.

Front 18

Protectorate

Back 18

A weak country under the control and protection of a stronger country. Puerto Rico, Cuba, etc. were protectorates of the U.S.

Front 19

Aguinaldo, Philippine Insurrection

Back 19

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964) led a Filipino insurrection against the Spanish in 1896 and assisted the U.S. invasion. He served as leader of the provisional government but was removed by the U.S. because he wanted to make the Philippines independent before the U.S. felt it was ready for independence.

Front 20

Secretary of State John Hay, Open Door notes

Back 20

Hay sent imperialist nations a note asking them to offer assurance that they would respect the principle of equal trade opportunities, specifically in the China market.

Front 21

Spheres of influence

Back 21

Region in which political and economic control is exerted by on European nation to the exclusion of all others. Spheres of influence appeared primarily in the East, and also in Africa.

Front 22

Boxer Rebellion

Back 22

a secret Chinese society called the Boxers because their symbol was a fist revolted against foreigners in their midst and laid siege to foreign legislations in Beij

Front 23

Extraterritoriality

Back 23

In the 1920's, China wated an end to the exemption of foreigners accused of crimes from China's legal jurisdiction.

Front 24

Election of 1900: candidates, issues

Back 24

Republican, William McKinley defeated Democrate, Williams Bryan. The issue was imperialism.

Front 25

Roosevelt's Big Stick Diplomacy

Back 25

Roosevelt said, "walk softly and carry a big stick." In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen. It was his foreign policy in Latin America.

Front 26

U.S.S. Oregon

Back 26

Warship involved in Spanish-American blockade in Cuba in 1898. Went from Cuba to the Philippines by going around the Southern tip of South America. Showed that we need a better route between the Atlantic and the Pacific.

Front 27

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

Back 27

- Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Abrogated by the U.S. in 1881.

Front 28

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Back 28

Great Britain recognized U.S. Sphere of Influence over the Panama canal zone provided the canal itself remained neutral. U.S. given full control over construction and management of the canal.

Front 29

Panama Revolution

Back 29

The Isthmus of Panama had been part of Columbia. U.S. tried to negotiate with Columbia to build the Panama Canal. Columbia refused, so U.S. encouraged Panama to revolt. Example of Big Stick diplomacy.

Front 30

Panama Canal

Back 30

Buit to make passage between Atlantic and Pacific oceans easier and faster.

Front 31

Venezuelan Crisis

Back 31

England, Germany and Italy had blockaded Venezuelan ports because Latin American countries failed to make payments on debts owed to foreign banks. U.S. invoked the Monroe Doctrine and pressured the European powers to back off.

Front 32

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 32

U.S. would act as international policemen. An addition to the Monroe Doctrine.

Front 33

Russo-Japanese War, Treaty of Portsmouth

Back 33

Japan had attacked the Russian Pacific fleet over Russia's refusal to withdraw its troops from Mancharia after the Boxer Rebellion (1904-1905) War fought mainly in Korea. Japan victorious, the U.S. mediated the end of the war. Negotiating the treaty in the U.S. increased U.S. prestige. Roosevelt received a Nobel Peace Prize for the mediation.

Front 34

Elihu Root

Back 34

Secretary of War under Roosevelt, he reorganized and monderized the U.S. Army. Later served as ambassador for the U.S. and won the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize.

Front 35

Great White Fleet

Back 35

Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."

Front 36

San Francisco School Board Incident

Back 36

Racist schools segregated Chinese, Korean and Japanese students because of anti-oriental sentiment in California.

Front 37

Gentlemen's Agreement

Back 37

In 1907 Theodore Roosevelt arranged with Japan that Japan would voluntarily restrict the emmigration of its nationals to the U.S.

Front 38

Root-Takahira Agreement

Back 38

Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China.