History Foundation To Present

Front 1

Which one of the following statements best describes the war by 1916?

Back 1

THE WAR REACHED A STALEMATE.

Front 2

World War I erupted when an Austrian assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand.

Back 2

FALSE

Front 3

The United States joined the war when Germany crossed neutral Belgium.

Back 3

FALSE

Front 4

The war was the first global conflict.

Back 4

TRUE

Front 5

Four prewar conflicts were over:

Back 5

1. CONTROL OF THE BALKAN STATES

2. NORTH AFRICAN COLONIES

3. ALSACE - LORRAINE

FREEING OF THE ITALIANS UNDER AUSTRIAN RULE

Front 6

Four nations siding with Russia included:

Back 6

1. FRANCE
2. ENGLAND
3. ITALY
4. JAPAN

Front 7

Which of the following were neutral?

Back 7

1. SWITZERLAND
2. SPAIN
3. SCANDINAVIA
4. HOLLAND

Front 8

England joined the Allies because of the German defiance of Belgian neutrality.

Back 8

TRUE

Front 9

Japan sided with England because of an Alliance agreed upon in 1904.

Back 9

FALSE

Front 10

A temporary end of hostilities by mutual agreement, a truce.

Back 10

ARMISTICE

Front 11

A deadlock or tie.

Back 11

STALEMATE

Front 12

The first global conflict began as a result of the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and his wife by a member of a Serbian secret society on June 18, 1914.

Back 12

THE ANTAGONISTS OF EUROPE

Front 13

Italy joined the war in 1915 as an ally of Russia, France, and England. Italy's new alignment was a shocking blow to her former partners in the Triple Alliance.

Back 13

THE ANTAGONISTS OF EUROPE

Front 14

Three measures passed to meet America's wartime needs included:

Back 14

1. THE COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL PREPAREDNESS
2. THE SELECTIVE SERVICE ART
3. THE WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

Front 15

United States reinforcements contributed greatly to three Allied victories in France at:

Back 15

1. CANTIGNY
2. ARGONNE FOREST
3. CHATEAU- THIERRY

Front 16

Four items the United States supplied the Allies with were:

Back 16

1. MANPOWER
2. FOOD
3. A BOOST IN MORALE
4. MILITARY EQUIPMENT

Front 17

Five events leading to the German signing of an armistice included:

Back 17

1. THE COLLAPSE OF BULGARIA
2. TURKEY'S SURRENDER
3. THE SPLIT OF AUSTRIA - HUNGARY
4. ALLIES FORCING A GERMAN RETREAT
5. A THREAT TO THE GERMAN HOMELAND

Front 18

The United States entered into World War I because of the loss of American lives due to the sinking of trading vessels by the German ____.

Back 18

SUBMARINE

Front 19

What best defines an armistice?

Back 19

GERMANY ENDS HOSTILITIES ON NOVEMBER 11, 1918.

Front 20

Although such thinking was noble, idealistic, and certainly desirable, it proved to be only illusionary. Despite public opinion, the United States had to make a decision and to choose sides. Although German-Americans supported the Central Powers, most citizens in the United States were pro-British and supported the Triple Entente (France, Great Britain, and Russia) and the Allied powers. Propaganda was widely used by both sides in the conflict, but French and British data were far more convincing to the United States public. However, the United States was not drawn into global war through propaganda tactics; it entered the war because Germany was sinking American supply ships heading for England and France.
Looking at the situation from Germany's viewpoint, the indiscriminate sinking of ships was an expedient tactic. Germany would either lose the war on the seas or risk driving the United States into the massive conflict. The United States overlooked the German activities and continued to trade with Great Br

Back 20

THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES

Front 21

One opposing view at the Paris peace conference was a peace with ____ .

Back 21

VENGEANCE

Front 22

What best defines reparations?

Back 22

FUNDS TO RESTORE WAR DAMAGE TERRITORY IN FRANCE AND BELGIUM.

Front 23

Wilson's Fourteen Points concerned a world peace settlement following World War II.

Back 23

FALSE

Front 24

The Fourteen Points were dropped behind enemy lines to encourage surrender.

Back 24

TRUE

Front 25

The Fourteen Points encouraged the Allied soldiers by giving them goals for which to fight.

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

France and England needed to receive reparations for the heavy destruction of their land during the war.

Back 26

FALSE

Front 27

Wilson's peace plans received more support than he had first hoped.

Back 27

FALSE

Front 28

Mark the three elements that describe the following view concerning treatment of the Central Powers, especially Germany, after the war.

a just peace

Back 28

1. FAIR TREATMENT OF ALL NATIONS INVOLVED
2. PREVENT FUTURE
3. LIMIT BITTER FEELINGS

Front 29

Mark the three elements that describe the following view concerning treatment of the Central Powers, especially Germany, after the war.

a peace with vengeance

Back 29

1. DIVIDING OF LAND
2. DISARMING THE COUNTRIES
3. STIFF AND HARSH TREATMENT OF CENTRAL POWERS

Front 30

Allied countries represented at the Paris peace talks included all of the following except:

Back 30

RUSSIA

Front 31

Allied heads of government at the peace talks included all of the following except:

Back 31

WILHELM

Front 32

The League of Nations was established to:

Back 32

REGULATE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Front 33

Measures taken against Germany by the Treaty of Versailles did not include:

Back 33

WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS

Front 34

When the United States voted against joining the League of Nations:

Back 34

THE OTHER NATIONS LOST CONFIDENCE IN THE LEAGUE

Front 35

1. peace ending World War I

2. disputed French-German territory

3. Wilson's peace plan

4. organization to secure world peace

5. British prime minister

6. French premier

7. Italian premier

Back 35

1. TREATY OF VERSAILLES
2. ALSACE - LORRAINE
3. FOURTEEN POINTS
4. LEAGUE OF NATIONS
5. LLOYD GEORGE
6. CLEMENCEAU
7. ORLANDO

Front 36

More than thirty Allied countries were represented at the peace meetings held in Paris in January 1919. Russia was in the midst of a civil war at that time and was the only major Allied nation not represented at the meetings. Of course, none of the defeated countries were present at the conference.

The decisions on the treaty were made separately by the representatives of the five great powers present: England, France, Italy, the United States, and Japan. The remaining national representatives took part in the public writing of the peace treaty.

The true feelings of the major nations concerning the peace settlement quickly rose to the surface. Although Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and Premier Georges Clemenceau of France outwardly had expressed agreement to the Fourteen Points, inwardly they backed treaties of vengeance.

Back 36

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Front 37

Wilson believed his idea of a League of Nations was vital to lasting peace and spent much of his time in Paris working on the formation of such an international organization. His efforts were accepted unanimously by the Allied representatives. Thus, the League of Nations was established for the purpose of regulating international relations, limiting armaments, and settling disagreements between nations in a peaceful way.

After his initial success, President Wilson did not fare well in the conference. As the peace meetings progressed, the advocates of a harsh peace became more entrenched in their position. France, Italy, Japan, and Great Britain demanded to be awarded territories and colonies of the Central Powers. Though physically ill and disappointed by the outcome of the meeting, Wilson signed the treaty. His only consolation was that his League of Nations had been adopted.

With bitter reservations, the German government approved the treaty in May 1919. The representatives of the new German republic sig

Back 37

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Front 38

Money paid by the defeated countries for acts of war.

Back 38

REPARATIONS

Front 39

An act of revenge for a wrong or injury.

Back 39

VENGEANCE

Front 40

Before the war ended, President Wilson made a speech to Congress stating his Fourteen Points for a world peace settlement. His views clearly reflected American values:

"open covenants openly arrived at," with no secret international agreements in the future;
freedom of the seas outside territorial waters in peace and war, except in the case of international action to enforce international treaties;
removal of all possible economic barriers and establishment of equal trade conditions among nations;
reduction of national armaments to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety;
impartial adjustments of colonial claims;
evacuation of all German troops from Russia, an opportunity for Russia independently to determine its own political development and national policy, and acceptance of Russia as a free nation;
evacuation and restoration of Belgium;
restoration of France and return of Alsace-Lorraine to France;

Back 40

WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS

Front 41

President Wilson's efforts were severely tested. His desire for a peace with justice was not shared by the Allied leaders. Wilson fervently believed that fair treatment of all nations involved would prevent new hostilities and hatred from recurring and would act as a deterrent to future conflicts. However, many Allied leaders disagreed with him. In their minds the Central Powers needed to be punished and disciplined for what they had done. Stiff and harsh treatment would be an efficient deterrent from future wars for the Germans and their allies. Because they did not trust the Germans, the French desired to divide, separate, and completely disarm Germany. Thus, the Germans would be so thoroughly defeated they could never fight another war.

As the time for the peace conference in Paris neared, two opposing points of view arose regarding the issue of German treatment: one favoring Wilson's idea of a just peace and one favoring a peace with vengeance. The outcome of the conference was so critical to President

Back 41

WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS