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39 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Colombian exchange |
Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between europe and the new world -domesticated animals (horses, cows) -crops(corn, tomatoes) -smallpox (e-nw), venereal diseases (nw-e) |
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Mechantilism |
Europe is the power, all other colonies are there to provide for them |
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Half-way covenant |
Puritans srablished to ease requirements and retain control. Allows: *baptism of children of baptized Puritans |
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Enlightenment |
Eighteen century philosophy Reason could be used to improve human condition. And that tye natural world provided models for human institutions Ex: thomas jefferson |
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The great awakening |
Wave of religious revivals tgat spread across america during 1730s&40s as puritans |
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Constirutional convention1787 |
Sought to create strong central government sharing powers with the states -strenghten articles of confederation |
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Separation of powers |
Refers to the different branches of government. Judicial, executive, and legislative |
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Checks and balances |
A branch can check the power of another. Ex-if president vetoes a bill passed by congress, but congress can overide it |
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Hamiltons financial plans |
Created a sound financial footing for republic by Assuming state debts, creating a national bank, and imposing tariffs to protect home industries |
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Judicial review |
Marbury v. Madison Supreme court can declare an act of congress unconstitutional |
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American system |
Henry clay proposed it Strenghten amd unify tge nation and its economy by means of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements (canals and roads) |
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Republican motherhood/cult of domesticity |
Idealization of womean as wives and mothers |
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Trancendentalism |
Philosophical and literary movement Emphasized on the simple life&celebrating the truth found in nature. Writers: henry david thoreau, ralph waldo emerson |
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Utopian communities |
Failure-ex(brook farm, new harmony, and oneida ) reflected blossoming of perfectionist aspirations |
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2nd great awakening |
Women were important -posed moral issues of slavery -anti liquor laws -reformist zeal against prison |
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Jacksonian democrazy |
Andrew jackson proposed it: -Respect for comon man -Expansion of white suffrage(right to vote) -Appointment of political support for government possitions - opposition to priviledged eastern elites |
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Nullification |
Legal Theory that a state has the right to invalidate any federal law that the state deems unconstitutional Ex: soutg carolina- declared tariffs unenforceable in that state |
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Manifest destiny |
Belief that us had an obligation to move west in the pasific ocean |
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Popular sovereingty |
Principle that settlers decide whether slavery will be apermitted in their territory. The first time popular sovereignty was put into test was in kansas after tge passafe of the kansas-nebraska act |
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Reconstruction |
Reorganization of states after civil war and allowing them to re enter the union |
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Social gospel |
Based on belief that christians have a responsibility to confront socual problems actively (poverty) *change would occur as a resuot from dedication of both religious practice and social reform |
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Gospel of wealth |
Wealthy were the guardians of society Andrew carnegie (foremost advocate) |
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Social darwinism |
In society, evolutionary process occurs, with the fitrest surviving. Believers include: john d. Rockefeller |
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Frotier thesis |
Idea of frederick jackson turner- frontier experience makes american society more denocratic and shaped ametican values, importance of cheap, unsettle land, was vety important |
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New immigrants |
Late 1800s and early 1900s wave of immigrants changed Old; ebgland, germany, scandinavia New: small farms villages from southern and eastern europe |
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Nativism |
Favored the native born over immigrants Know nothings party was nativist Greatest hostility towrds: irish & german catholic immigrants |
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Vertical and horizontal integration |
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Populism |
Supported unlimited coinage of silver, gavernment ownership of railroads, and policies favoring farmers &working class |
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Progressivism |
Used government to help better society Ex: impure foods, child lavor, corruptiob, and trusts. President ex: theodore roosevelt &woodrow wilson |
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Muckrackers |
Extreme Journalists. Ex: jocob riiis,, ida tarbell, upton sinclair |
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Roaring twenties |
Immigration restrctions, rise of fundamentalism, and changing sexual values |
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Prohibition |
Illegal to buy sell or anything alcohol due to 18th amendment. Until the 21st amendment repelled it |
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Isolationism |
Us foreign policy after ww1. Attempt to stay away from ww2. Drew from neutrality act in its beginnings |
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Containment |
During cold war to avoid contain or block communism. Ex: long telegram, the us focuses its policy on containing the spread of soviet influence |
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Mc carthyism |
Public accusations of disloyalty (communism) increasing after ww2 without sufficient evidence. |
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Domino theory |
Theory if one country falls to communism, the countries surrounding would too |
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Massive retaliation |
Theat to soviets or anyone who goes against the us. We have nuks n we r not afraid to use then |
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Black power |
Advocated the AA establish control of their political and economic lives. Ex: malcom x, stokely carmichael, huey newton |
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Watergate |
Series of politicak scandals resulting in richard nixon resigning from presidential office in 1974 |
