History Finals 2011

Front 1

Define the Industrial Revolution

Back 1

The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery. It was characterized by the growth of factories , and the mass production of manufactured goods.

Front 2

Define Factors of Production

Back 2

Factors of production are the four fundamental requirements for the production of services and goods and services in any economy. There are four of them: capital, land, entrepreneurship, and labor.

Front 3

Define Rural

Back 3

Relating to the countryside.

Front 4

Define Agriculture

Back 4

Farming and/or raising animals (livestock)

Front 5

Define Working class

Back 5

The social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.

Front 6

Define Middle class

Back 6

The social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers.

Front 7

Define Corporation

Back 7

A company recognized by law to exist independently from its owners, with the ability to own property, borrow money, sue, or be sued.

Front 8

Define Stock

Back 8

A share of ownership in a business or corporation. They are often traded on public exchanges.

Front 9

Define Laissez Faire

Back 9

A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Front 10

Define Capitalism

Back 10

An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry (means of production) are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by state.

Front 11

Define Socialism

Back 11

A political and economic system that advocates that industry and trade should be owned by the community as a whole and operated for the public good.

Front 12

Define Communism

Back 12

A political theory derived form Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Front 13

Define Utilitarianism

Back 13

The doctrine that an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people should be the guiding principle of conduct.

Front 14

Define Imperialism

Back 14

A policy in which a strong country seeks to dominate weaker countries politically, socially, or economically.

Front 15

Define Racism

Back 15

The belief that one race is superior to another race.

Front 16

Define Social Darwinism

Back 16

The application of Charles Darwin's theories about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies. Used to justify imperialism and racism.

Front 17

Define Assimilation

Back 17

A policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs.

Front 18

Define Colony

Back 18

A land controlled by another nation.

OR

A country or territory governed internally by another power.

Front 19

Define Protectorate

Back 19

A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power.

Front 20

Define Sphere of Influence

Back 20

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.