History Final Stuff You Don't Know

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henry pu-yi

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last manchu (qing) emperor of China

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Karl Marx

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german philosopher that inspired Mao's ideas about class struggle (about how working class is better)

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Deng Xiapong

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took over as leader of China after Mao died-- did not follow mao's ideas-- eased government's strict economic rule-- sent students to study in other countries-- welcomed foreigners and foreign investments-- under his rule lots of people wanted democracy

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Hu Jintao

Back 4

current leader of People's Republic of China

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Pinyin

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dialect of Mandarin made by the People's Republic of China (Communists) that was supposed to be easier to learn in order to increase literacy (which was a goal of the communists)

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Isolationism

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idea that political rulers should avoid making alliances with other nations and avoid all wars unless its self defense-- there should be legal barriers to control trade and cultural exchange with other countries

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Ideographs

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Chinese version of pictographs-- early form of writing

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Queues

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ponytail hairstyle that was required by the Manchu dynasty to be worn by men-- if you cut it off you got penalized

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Special economic Zones

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geographic region that has economic laws that are special to that region-- it can be owned by the government or privately

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World trade organization

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deal with trade internationally

when China became a part of the world trade organization it meant China is now seen as a powerful economic world power

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Hundred days of Reform

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China wants to modernize and become technologically advanced-- set up factories and sent students to study outside of China

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Republic of China

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Democratic government-- Led by Yatsen--- small window of democracy-- was set up after the downfall of the Manchu dynasty

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People's Republic of China

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communistic government--- Mao Zedong was during this time but he didn't found the People's Republic of China-- he was just an important leader

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Tiananmen Square

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a bunch of Chinese people who wanted democracy started to protest for democracy in Tiananmen square-- when authorities found them they opened fire and killed many of innocent people-- shows how communism shows their power

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Four modernizations

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Made by Deng Xiaoping-- stressed economic reform instead of Class struggle
1) Modernize Agriculture
2) Expand industry
3) Develop Science and Technology
4) Upgrade CHina's defense forces

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Beduoins

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in Arabia--- they are desert nomads that live in tribal groups that compete for land and resources-- herd livestock

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Sharia

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sacred law of Islam that is based on the Koran-- a way of law

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Islamic Fundamentalism

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when the word of the koran is translated literally and it is beleived that it is good to follow the Koran and not man made laws-- the only problem is you can translate the koran any way you want

basically the law of a country=the koran

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Intifada

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the Palestinian uprising (arabs)-- they were sick of the Jews governing palestine and attacked a lot of jews

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PLO

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Palestinian Liberation Organization
made of palestinian arabs that had a common goal-- to wipe out the Jews and reclaim Palestine for the arabs-- extremist group

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OPEC

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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries--- Mostly made of Arab nations that wanted to end the power of Western oil companies over oil prices-- they were responsible for cutting off oil exports to the western nations to flex their muscle-- (mr reed waiting an hour for gas)

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Abraham

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In Judaism Christianity and Islam

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Kemal Attaturk

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overthrew the sultan of Turkey and freed Turkey from the ottoman empire-- founded the Republic of Turkey-- made himself the president-- his goals were the modernize and westernize and secularize turkey

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T. E. Lawrence

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european who participated in the Arab Revolt

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Gamel Abdul Nasser

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President of Egypt shortly after it won independence-- worked to modernize Egypt

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Anwar Sadat

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successor to Nasser (president of Egypt) after Nasser died-- encouraged an open door policy when it came to trade and foreign investment and foreign businesses--encouraged lots of foreign involvement

first arab to make peace with Israel

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Menachem Begin

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prime minister of Israel shortly after its creation

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Mohammad Ali

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governor of Egypt-- tried to modernize Egypt as much as possible even though it was still under Ottoman rule-- thought that modernizing agriculture was important

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Ayatollah Khomeini

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One of the heads of the Islamic Revolution-- Leader of the old iranians who were against westernization b/c it destroyed tradition--- overthrew the Shah and made Iran a Theocracy (country ruled by religion)--- Supporters of Khomeini made religious courts instead of secular courts

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Yassir Arafat

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PLO leader-- hated Israel-- after the Oslo accords were made Yassir Arafat became head of Palestinian Authorities which governed Palestinian lands

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Muammer Qaddaffi

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arab leader of Libya-- controversial Arab leader

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Yitzakh Rabin

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Prime Minister of Israel-- also directed the armed forces during the Six day war

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Aswan High Dam

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in Egypt-- provides hydroelectric power and irrigation

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West Bank Sinai Peninsula Golan Heights

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occupied territories-- that Israelis took from the arabs during the six day war

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McMahon Pledge

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issued by the British during WWI-- said that if the Arabs worked for the British during the war they would be guaranteed an independent state of Palestine-- it said Palestine was for the Arabs

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Iran Iraq War

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the Shia conflict and violence led to Iraq invading Iran which thus lead to a war

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Iranian Revolution/Islamic Revolution

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Shah's policies made a huge gap between westernized Iranians and more traditional Iranian people-- Ayatollah Khomeini rose as a leader of the traditional iranians who opposed westernization b/c it threatened tradition--- Khomeini overthrew the shah and made Iran a theocracy

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Civil war in Lebanon

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Christians and Muslims live here which is a bad mixture--- constitution tried to divide the power equally among the groups but more power went to the Christians even though there were more muslims-- the civil war started over this conflict over power

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Persian Gulf Conflict

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Iraq invaded Kuwait under the leadership of Saddam Hussein in order to steal resources, manpower, and oil--- the rest of the world including the US fought to get them out of Kuwait

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Olduvai Gorge

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located at the edge of the Great Rift valley in Tanzania- the bones found at this gorge suggest that the earliest humans originated in Africa

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semiarid

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desert like conditions

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negritude movement

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political and literary movement sparked by Africans in Africa who believed that the only way to fight Imperialist powers and French racism was through unity of all Africans with a common identity and goal

lead by Leopold Senghor

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Mau Mau rebellion

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movement of armed resistance in Kenya-- when white settlers refused to give rights to the blacks the africans in Kenya started the Mau Mau rebellion-- British accused Kenyatta of leading secret Mau Mau groups that were responsible for killing white settlers-- both sides committed brutal and violent acts

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Jomo Kenyatta

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first president of Kenya after it gained independence-- was an important revolutionary leader when Kenya was still under British rule

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Kwame Nkrumah

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organized strikes and boycotts against the British while Britain owned Ghana-- with his help and leadership Ghana became the first independent african nation

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why did european nations become interested in africa during the 1600's

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for resources, gold, and natural resources-- basically to explore

not for slaves tho b/c there was no need

basically the europeans only wanted to explore

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why were one party systems of government favored when african nations gained independence?

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1) thought competing parties would destroy unity
2) thought it could create democracy
3) thought it reflected traditional ways of consensus

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what strategy did many african nations follow throughout the cold war

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they sided with either the US or soviet union-- whichever one could give them the most benefits when it comes to money and defense

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why did the US and soviet union compete for influence in the middle east during the Cold war

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the more alliences they had and the more support they had the more successful they would be-- also since the ME has a lot of oil thats an added bonus

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what were the econmic interests of cecil rhodes in africa

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he just wanted to take it all over and earn a big profit off of it

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Apartheid

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in South AFrica when the whites basically said they were better than the asians and blacks-- segragation happened and it was like the civil rights movement all over again