History Final, Second Semester, 2007

Front 1

Taliban

Back 1

The Taliban is a group that ruled Afghanistan before al-Qaida. It used Islamic law, and didn’t allow women to have many rights or education. Watching television and listening to music weren’t allowed, as well as playing games and sports. It led to the United States entering Afghanistan and replacing Taliban with an elected president, and it gave some rights back to the people of Afghanistan.

Front 2

Kim Jung Il

Back 2

-officially designated as his father's successor in 1980,
-assumed a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM's death in 1994
- decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation
north korea btw

Front 3

Mao Tse-Tung

Back 3

Marxist communist, led GLP, cultural revolution, and used much propaganda, such as LRB’s to promote himself and his policies.

Front 4

Kim Il Sung

Back 4

Past ruler, was replaced by his son, Kim Jung Il North Korea btw

Front 5

Mujahideen

Back 5

The mujahideen were “holy warriors” who hated communism and wanted to create an Islamic government after Afghanistan’s government, jailed and murdered thousands of Afghans.

Front 6

Osama bin Laden

Back 6

Leader of al-Quaeda, terrorist

Front 7

Deng Xiaoping

Back 7

1978, four modernizations (agriculture, industry, science/technology, defense). Gave people more freedom, made tougher politics. Let people set up private businesses.

Front 8

Great Leap Forward

Back 8

Mao’s failed attempt to modernize china. Steel quotas could only be met by making poor quality goods; quantity over quality. Many took up building instead of farming, loss of agriculture. Since everyone was guaranteed living, people stopped working hard. Floods and droughts make it worse. 20 million die.

Front 9

Cultural Revolution

Back 9

Mao’s attempt to rid china of capitalists, revisionists, and reactionaries. Used little red books and propaganda to promote himself. Wanted to destroy the 4 olds (old ideas old customs old culture and old habits). People were killed if they were suspected of disagreeing with mao, and many ended up commiting suicide to escape the hell that was the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.

Front 10

Korean War

Back 10

1950-1953 Korean War
*NK invaded SK to unite and make Korea on US Policy Of Containment, so we sent troops
*No peace treaty signed, Demilitarized zone is established.
* Adopted a policy of diplomatic and economic “self-reliance”.

Front 11

Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Back 11

International treaty to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. Open for signature on july 1, 1968. North korea broke it and later withdrew.

Front 12

Communism

Back 12

System of government in which has no class. All property is publicly owned so that everyone is equal.

Front 13

Propaganda

Back 13

Mao used it to promote himself and his beliefs. Little red books, posters, “long live Chairman Mao”. Sometimes used falsely to promote someone or something.

Front 14

Authoritarian government

Back 14

Nazi Germany, Castro’s Cuba, Stalin USSR. Takes advantage of problems, nationalism. Take power, voted into small group.

Front 15

Totalitarian

Back 15

System of government that is centralized and dictatorial (“TOTAL” control)

Front 16

Capitalism

Back 16

System of government where people mainly have control, system involving voting.

Front 17

Collectivism

Back 17

Everyone working together

Front 18

Nelson Mandela

Back 18

He was a key leader of the ANC, and a big anti-apartheid activist. He spent 27 years in jail and wasn’t released until after the UN threatened South Africa. He backed the work for the Truth and reconciliation commission to find crimes committed during apartheid. He also wanted to bring in electricity, housing, and schools for the black population.
He was a major sign of freedom for all blacks in South Africa and his release came as relief. Before he was jailed he spent most of his time on non-violent anti apartheid protests. Until he had to admit they weren’t working, still he continued to lead protests until apartheid was abolished.

Front 19

Steve Biko

Back 19

Nonviolent, anti-apartheid activist in south Africa in the 1960’s and 70’s. led black consciousness movement, died in police hands.

Front 20

Boers

Back 20

Dutch settlers

Front 21

Janjaweed

Back 21

A term used to describe armed gunmen in Darfur, west Sudan, and Chad. Sudanese government says they aren’t supporting them, but they actually are.

Front 22

Tutsis vs. Hutus

Back 22

Tootsis were favored by colonial powered Belgium, recently Hutus president is killed, thought it was the tootsis in the 100 day genocide. 800,000 people died, 1994. Hutus=majority, tutsis=minority.

Front 23

Leopold II

Back 23

Leopold II exploited the human and mineral resources of the Congo Free State. From Belgium. Forced people to work, he’d cut limbs if they didn’t cooperate.

Front 24

African National Congress (ANC)

Back 24

South African political party and black nationalist organization. Banned by SA government from 1960-1990. Nelson Mandela is leader.

Front 25

Boer War

Back 25

Boer war- war in 1898 between boers and British over gold and diamonds, British won

Front 26

Apartheid

Back 26

Policy or system of segregation or discrimination based on race.

Front 27

Sharpville Massacre

Back 27

1960. black south Africans peacefully protested against apartheid in Sharpville. 60 people were killed by police gunfire, sparked outrage. Made Nelson Mandela realize that the peacefulness wasn’t working.

Front 28

Berlin Conference

Back 28

Set boundaries to new European countries. Made rules, such as having to occupy territories. It also started the creation of roads, railroads, and governments. 1884-1885. Berlin Germany. They made it legal to colonize Africa.

Front 29

Rwandan Genocide

Back 29

Tootsis were favored by colonial powered Belgium, recently Hutus president is killed, thought it was the tootsis in the 100 day genocide. 800,000 people died, 1994.

Front 30

Scramble For Africa

Back 30

European countries competed for control of Africa, 1880’s to start of WWi. Political rivalries, expanding colonies.

Front 31

Black Consciousness Movement

Back 31

Anti-apartheid activist movement, emerged in south Africa in the mid 1960’s. led by Steve Biko.

Front 32

Direct vs. Indirect rule

Back 32

Direct rule meant that the colonial power controlled the government at every level. Indirect rule made it so traditional rulers stayed in place but preached the laws set by colonial power.

Front 33

Banning

Back 33

You may not speak, be quoted, write for publication, meet with more than one person at a time. May be confined to a certain area

Front 34

Pass laws

Back 34

the laws that require non-whites to have a passbook

Front 35

Township

Back 35

suberbs that only blacks live in, still under south African law

Front 36

Homeland

Back 36

reservation for blacks, on their homeland. Blacks got to rule themselves. Were in reservations, way out in remote areas. Wanted equality, outskirts of town.

Front 37

Blood Diamonds

Back 37

Conflict diamond, Sierra Leone and Angola diamond crisis, black market sales of diamonds.

Front 38

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Back 38

Court-like body assembled in south Africa after apartheid. Anyone who felt that they had been a victim of violence could come forward and be heard by the TRC.

Front 39

coup d'état

Back 39

A violent and sudden overthrow of a government.

Front 40

Peninsulares (LA)

Back 40

Highest class – sent from spain to rule the colonies – small but powerful group – looked down on people that were born in the colonies

Front 41

Creoles (LA)

Back 41

American-born descensants of the Spanish settlers – had the same rights as peninsulares- the king creoles to top government/Church jobs – creoles were educated and rich – they resented the peninsulares

Front 42

Mesitizos (LA)

Back 42

ethnic group in Latin America – mix between natives and Europeans

Front 43

Indians (LA)

Back 43

native to LA – Aztecs, Mayas, Incas – well established empires until Europeans came

Front 44

Free Blacks

Back 44

Slaves who bought their freedom – some were freed by owners in the owners will – most became farm workers and laborers – some were able to earn a living by working as a skilled worker

Front 45

Colombian Exchange

Back 45

Named after Christopher Columbus

Sugar and maize get sent to Europe

Europe brings horses and firearms

Corn and cornmeal allows European population to grow

Front 46

Mercantilism

Back 46

The belief that the colonies are supposed economically benefit the mother country (colonial power)

Raw materials get sent to Europe

Manufactured goods (from Europe) get sent back to the colonies

Front 47

Conservative vs. Liberal

Back 47

Conservatives wanted to preserve the old system of social classes and allow the Church to have the same power that it had always had. Liberals wanted to limit the influence of the Church and wanted to close the gap between the rich and poor. The conservatives didn’t believe in free speech and free press, but the liberals did.

Front 48

Embargo and Sanctions

Back 48

embargo is complete ban on trading with country – sanctions more specific ban – embargo usually put on by one country – sanctions put on by the world

Front 49

Economic Imperialism

Back 49

making country economically dependant on another country – Latin America on US – if US pulled out of some countries (aid, investments) would be devastated

Front 50

Patriarchal

Back 50

a society is ruled by the oldest male

Front 51

Oligarchy

Back 51

A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution

Front 52

Dictatorship

Back 52

A country governed by a dictator

Front 53

GDP

Back 53

Gross Domestic Product--the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

Front 54

Sandinistas

Back 54

A leftist group of rebels who over threw Anastasio Somoza, the Nicaraguan dictator, in 1979, and gained control of the government. They established socialist characteristics and brought land reform, which made the high society class mad. The Sandinistas lost power in 1990, after a long guerrilla war. The civil war left the economy in a worsened state.

Front 55

Caudillos

Back 55

military leaders who gained control in many LA countries during the periods of governmental instability after the Europeans left

Front 56

Fidel Castro

Back 56

Cuban dictator, current president of Cuba. He took over Cuba in a revoltion, and is an antagonist of the Bush administration.

Front 57

Afghanistan Life Challenges

Back 57

• Afghanistan is surrounded by other countries, so exporting goods is difficult and expensive because they can’t use boats and water. There are mountains and rugged plains, so there are many natural disasters. Some examples of these are earthquakes and drought. There is also limited fresh water sources, and most of the land has been overgrazed and deforested, so it is a challenge for the Afghan people to farm

Front 58

Korea Life Challenges

Back 58

Korean’s geography limits the land the citizens may use for farming. This limitation leads to careful use of the land to meet their food needs. Korea’s location between China and Japan, has led to the countries culture to be heavily impacted on the other two cultures.

Front 59

China Life challenges

Back 59

Low, prone to floods and whatnot.

Front 60

South Africa Life Challenges

Back 60

It affects life in south america because there are a lot of land
barriers, like the Andes Mountains and the Atacama Desert, make it hard
for the area to unite.