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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Uhuru (freedom) The struggle for independence in Africa.
A. The Colonial Legacy 1. Little had been done before WW1 to train local population for self gov |
a. after war, brit. initiated reforms to involve the local inhabitants
b. exception was S.A. - franchise restricted to whites |
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The Colonial Legacy
3. Debits of Colonialism |
a. Benifits distributed unequally, most africans saw little improvement
b. whites comprised the professional and managerial class c. exports of raw materials led to plantation agriculture, not always suitable d. exploration of land led to desertification and enviro distruction e. in kenya, best lands were reserved for whites |
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The Colonial Legacy
2. Benefits of Colonialism |
a. transportation/ communication facilities, improved sanitation/medical care
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B. The Rise of Nationalism:
1. Most African Independence Movements began after WWI |
a. Kwame Khrumah's Convention People's Party
b. Jomo Kenyata's Kenya African national Union c. Egypt's Wafd party |
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The Rise of Nationalism:
2.Most Movements non-violent, but were exceptions, eg the Mau Mau |
3. South Africans Were under minority white rule
a. African National COngress founded in 1912, rdicalized in the 1950's |
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The Rise of Nationalism:
4. In North Africa, Tunisia gained independence in 1956 and Algeria in 1962 |
5. Most black African nations achieved ndepenecein the late 1950's
6. Independence came later to Africa - colonialism came later and thus the reaction to colonialism -Europeans established colonial boundaries, thus lacked ethnic-linguistic unity |
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II. The Era of Independence
A. Pan Africanism and Nationalism: The Destiny of Africa |
1. Most African states adopted the Western political model
2. Economic policies differed - Kenya and Zaire were capitalist -Tanzania, Ghana, Guine adopted "African form of socialism" 3. Pan- African dream of transcending nationalism -Organization of African Union -Idea of "negritude", a reaction to Western social Darwinism a. Emotional expression and humanity rather then Western materialism b. Aime Cesaire and WEB Du Bois |
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B. Dream and Reality: Political and Economic Conditions in Independent Africa
1. problems of independence |
a. Growth of one party states and violent overthrow of governments
b. dependent upon export of single crop or raw materials 1.) Controlled by international markets, thus a sort of "neocolonialism" e. Wealth squandered on military equipment or expensive consumer goods d. political corruption e rapid population growth combined with drought and desertification led to famine and starvation f. HIV/AIDS: three quarters of the worlds cases are in Africa g. rural poverty and urban slums |
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Dream and Reality
2. the search for community |
a. OAU not united on most issues
-border disputes and wars b. nations themselves divided by regionalism, tribalism, and religion eg Nigeria - Pan-Islam: Egypt's Gamal Abdul Nasser, Libya's Muammar Qadhafi |
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C. The search for Solutions
1. Tanzania: An African Route to Socialism |
a. Julius Nyerere's Arusha Declaration of 1969
b. Village collectives replaced private farms but unpopular c. also undermined by corruption and demands from Zanzibar autonomy |
