History Final Exam

Front 1

What are the characteristics of democratic governments?

Back 1

Leaders are elected, all people and women have basic rights,

Front 2

What are the characteristics of a communist government and economy?

Back 2

The destruction of the free market economic system, as communism has never been able to compete.

The destruction of individual freedoms and thought, because rational people will see communism is a hoax of an economic model.

Complete control of the news media. All power ends up in the hands of a few who decide how best everyone else shoudl live, yet oddly live in luxury at every one else's expense.

Front 3

What are the characteristics of a capitalist economy?

Back 3

Free trade, and a lot of competition.

Front 4

What were loyalty oaths? Why were they used?

Back 4

Were oaths made when one joined government to promise that they would not take advantage of the government or commit an act of treason. This happened because people would do such horrible acts.

Front 5

What was the House Un-American Activities Committee? Why was it created?What did it mean to be blacklisted?

Back 5

Committee in Congress that existed to uncover anti-American groups, ideas, and activity; began in 1938 to find Nazi sympathizers

Front 6

What was the Rosenberg Trial? Why was it significant?

Back 6

1951 Trial that convicted Julius and Ethel Rosenberg of espionage for selling nuclear secrets to the Soviet UnionThey were executed on June 19, 1953

Front 7

Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy? What role did he play in the Cold War?

Back 7

Wisconsin Senator that claimed to have a list of 205 communists working in US State Department Rose to power and prominence based on unfounded accusations

Front 8

What was McCarthyism?

Back 8

Making baseless accusations against Americans who may or may not be communist

Front 9

What began the Atomic Age?

Back 9

the use of atomic bombs against the Japanese

Front 10

What is the Federal Civil Defense Administration? What role did it play in Cold War U.S?

Back 10

Government agency dedicated to informing and protecting Americans on what to do in the event of nuclear war-attack from USSR

Front 11

What was the Berlin blockade?

Back 11

The international crisis in which the soviets blocked the roads of three western powers to the streets of Berlin. This led to the Berlin airlift.

Front 12

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Back 12

In response to the Berlin blockade, the allies created a massive air supply to feed their people since the roads were blocked off.

Front 13

What is NATO? Why was it created?

Back 13

North Atlantic Treaty Organization:

Democratic military alliance dedicated to collective security: an attack one nation was an attack on all Led by US, UK, France

Front 14

What was the Warsaw Pact? Why was it created?

Back 14

Communist equivalent of NATO; collective security for USSR and satellite nations

Front 15

What is nonalignment? Why did countries choose this path?

Back 15

Policy of not supporting US or USSR. Some countries did not agree with either countries policies.

Front 16

Describe the arms race between the US and USSR.

Back 16

Competition between US and USSR to build largest, most powerful military and nuclear arsenal

Front 17

What is Mutual Assured Destruction?

Back 17

Belief that if one superpower used nuclear attack, the other would respond in kind

Front 18

What was the Manhattan Project?

Back 18

Secret operation conducted by US government to develop atomic bomb; used to end war against Japanese

Front 19

What are the United Nations? What is there role in politics?

Back 19

International peacekeeping organization dedicated to preventing war and encouraging diplomacy and cooperation amongst member nations.

Front 20

What was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Back 20

Written into UN Charter, it serves as a global “Bill of Rights” created in response to the rule of fascist dictators.

Front 21

What were the Nuremberg Trials? Why were the significant?

Back 21

Criminal trials for Nazi War Criminals; legal principle was established that combatants of war could held accountable for their actions, 24 Nazi’s were executed

Front 22

What is the GI Bill of Rights?

Back 22

Provided benefits such as free college and cheap housing to returning soldiers of WWII

Front 23

What were the Geneva Conventions?

Back 23

Code of conduct established following WWII that outlined how wounded, surrendered soldiers and civilians had to be treated.

Front 24

What is the International Criminal Court?

Back 24

Court system established after WWII that tried people accused of genocide and crimes against humanity

Front 25

What is containment? How did it alter US foreign policy?

Back 25

American policy of keeping communism within current borders

Front 26

What was the “Iron Curtain”?

Back 26

Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to reflect the separation of the Soviet Union from Western Europe.

Front 27

What was the Truman Doctrine? How did it impact US foreign policy?

Back 27

Foreign policy of President Truman that sought to support any peoples that desired to have democracy whilst stopping the spread of communism.

Front 28

What was the Marshall Plan? How did it impact US foreign policy?

Back 28

US policy of providing aid to war-torn Europe in order to spread democracy and limit the influence of communism

Front 29

What was rationing?

Back 29

Process of saving resources at home so that they may be used abroad (Oil, meat, fabric)

Front 30

What was the Holocaust? Why is it significant?

Back 30

The Holocaust was the mass execution of Jews and other kinds of people who Nazis hate.

Front 31

What was the War Production Board and how was it used during WWII?

Back 31

Government body that converted regular industry into military production: Car companies made tank and plane engines

Front 32

What were war savings bonds and how did they help the US war effort?

Back 32

Loans given to US Government by American people to help pay for World War II

Front 33

What were Japanese Internment Camps and why were they used?

Back 33

Designated living places for Americans of German, Italian, and Japanese descent for national security purposes. More than 100K Japanese relocated.

Front 34

What was Executive Order 9066?

Back 34

Proclamation of FDR that established military zones where Japanese Americans forcibly were made to live.

Front 35

Describe the court case of Korematsu v. US.

Back 35

Japanese American Fred Korematsu refused to obey E.O. 9066. Appealed his arrest to S.C. who found that civil rights can be set aside during wartime.

Front 36

What was the Women’s Army Corps and how did it play a role in WWII?

Back 36

Special section of the US Army where women enlisted in roles as secretaries, cooks, nurses, and received military training

Front 37

What was the Double V Campaign?

Back 37

Double Victory Campaign: Belief that US must win the war abroad against fascism and dictatorship and win the war at home against racism and prejudice

Front 38

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

Back 38

All-Black army air corps that were trained at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama: served as bomber escorts and throughout war shot over 400 German planes down

Front 39

What was the War Refugee Board?

Back 39

Agency created by FDR in 1944 to establish centers for Jewish refugees in North Africa, Italy, and some old army camps in US

Front 40

What countries made up the Allied Powers?

Back 40

United Kingdom USSR US

Front 41

What countries made up the Axis Powers?

Back 41

GermanyItalyJapan

Front 42

What was D-Day? How did it turn the tide of the War for the Allies?

Back 42

Operation Overlord” Allied invasion of Nazi occupied France. Forced Germany to fight a two-front war. Changed the tide in favor of Allies June 6, 1944

Front 43

Describe the strategy of Island hopping?

Back 43

Military strategy used by US in Pacific: engaging the Japanese on island by island basis until reaching Japan

Front 44

Describe the policy of appeasement.

Back 44

Policy of giving into an aggressor to ensure peace; Hitler→ Sudetenland

Front 45

Describe the agreement reached at the Munich Conference.

Back 45

Agreement between Hitler, Britain, France, Italy that awarded Germany Sudetenland in exchange for Hitler’s pledge to not engage in anymore territorial expansion

Front 46

What are the characteristics of a totalitarian government?

Back 46

Government where one ruler controls every single aspect of society: i.e. Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Kim Jong Un

Front 47

What are the characteristics of a fascist government?

Back 47

Dictatorial form of government marked by extreme nationalism, state > individual, one-party rule, militarismi.e. Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy, NOT Stalin’s USSR

Front 48

Who was Adolf Hitler? What role did he play in World War II?

Back 48

Dictator of Nazi Germany; elected German Chancellor in 1932 and asserted himself as “der Fuhrer” or the dictator of the Third Reich, or third “realm” or “rule”.

Front 49

Describe the German government under the reign of Nazism.

Back 49

German fascism; party ideas included extreme nationalism (aka jingoism), expanding German Empire, anti-Semitism (hatred of Jews), abolition of individual freedoms

Front 50

Who was Benito Mussolini? What role did play in World War II?

Back 50

Fascist Italian dictator, known as “Il Duce”, or “the leader”; used force to compel obedience via police force “Blackshirts”, outlawed free speech and labor unions, imposed militaristic rule

Front 51

What is anti-Semitism?

Back 51

Hatred of Jews; used as propaganda tool for Nazi Party in Germany

Front 52

What were the Nuremberg Laws? Who did they directly impact?

Back 52

anti-Semitic laws passed by Nazi Germany in September of 1935; aimed at eliminating Jewish rights and freedoms including citizenship, right to own property and businesses, and whom they could marry

Front 53

Describe the events of Kristallnacht.

Back 53

“Night of Broken Glass” November 9, 1938; organized attack of Jewish homes and businesses by Nazi Party; one of final steps leading to “Final Solution” and Holocaust.

Front 54

Who was Joseph Stalin? What role did he play in World War II?

Back 54

Communist, totalitarian leader of the USSR; repressed political dissent, eliminated individual freedoms, and used collectivization to redistribute wealth and resources to Soviet peoples

Front 55

What is censorship?

Back 55

Government policy of eliminating free speech, free press, freedom of religion, freedom to assemble or speak out against government and their policies: used by Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Tojo.

Front 56

Describe the characteristics of a dictatorial government.

Back 56

Single, powerful ruler that controls all aspects of society and government: synonymous with totalitarian, authoritarian i.e. Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini

Front 57

What were the Neutrality Acts?

Back 57

Series of legislation that forbid US government from supplying weapons or supplies to countries at war; isolationist policy.

Front 58

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

Back 58

Passed in March of 1941, this authorized US government to “lend”, not sell weapons and supplies to Allies; instrumental in helping Britain survive German onslaught

Front 59

How did the attack on Pearl Harbor alter US foreign policy?

Back 59

December 7, 1941 attack perpetrated by Japan against US at Hawaiian naval base; led to America's entrance into WWII

Front 60

What was “Black Tuesday”?

Back 60

Stock market crash: October, 29, 1929, first major event of Great Depression.

Front 61

Describe how buying on margin caused the Great Depression.

Back 61

Buying stocks with loans; led to inability to pay back loans

Front 62

Describe how speculation caused the Great Depression.

Back 62

Buying high risk, high reward stocks

Front 63

Describe how overproduction caused the Great Depression.

Back 63

companies produce more goods than consumers can buy

Front 64

Describe how underconsumption led to the Great Depression.

Back 64

companies are hurt by the lack of buying power of consumers

Front 65

What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act and how did it cause the Great Depression?

Back 65

The act brought retaliatory tariff acts from foreign countries, U.S. foreign trade suffered a sharp decline, and the depression intensified.

Front 66

What was the Bonus Army?

Back 66

World War I veterans that demanded their delayed bonus immediately; occupied Washington D.C. and were turned away by President Hoover

Front 67

What were Hoovervilles?

Back 67

“Shanty towns” developed by homeless Americans where poverty and crime were high; named after the inaction and perceived indifference of President Hoover

Front 68

How did FDR attempt to reverse the negative impacts of the Great Depression?

Back 68

Elected President in 1932; charged with leading US out of Great Depression. Created New Deal.

Front 69

What was the New Deal? How did it improve economic conditions for Americans?

Back 69

Progressive series of programs designed to get US out of Great Depression

Front 70

What was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? What protections did it provide?

Back 70

It was created to protect people's money they had in banks.