Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
-During this time, slavery became engrained in the social, political, and economical structure of the Antebellum South.
-time after America gaining independence and before Civil war |
Ante-Bellum Slavery |
|
|
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, an abolitionist |
Uncle Tom's Cabin |
|
|
Protestant religious revival movement around 1790 to around the 1820s |
2nd Great Awakening |
|
|
A Presbyterian minister, leading revivalist and social reformer |
Lyman Beecher |
|
|
best known for her work with the mentally ill, helped create dozens of institutions. |
Dorthea Dix |
|
|
social movement against alcohol |
Temperance |
|
|
Born a slave known as an abolitionist "Narrative Life of a Slave" |
Frederick Douglas |
|
|
Took slaves to freedom along the underground railroad Was an abolitionist |
Harriet Tubman |
|
|
White Abolitionist |
William Lloyd Garrison |
|
|
Most important crop in the South in 1860? |
Cotton |
|
|
How many Southerners owned slaves in 1860? |
Not very many southerns owned slaves at all |
|
|
How many Blacks lived in the U.S. in 1860? |
4 million |
|
|
What percentage of Southerners owned slaves? |
25% |
|
|
What gave slaves hope? |
The Bible |
|
|
Why did slaves rarely run away? |
They were scared Didn't want to leave their families |
|
|
Who was Nat Turner? |
He was a leader of a slave rebellion killed whites |
|
|
Underground Railroad |
used to escape slaves to freedom Harriet Tubman was a major role in this |
|
|
Identify 2 leading Abolitionist |
White Abolitionists Lloyd Garrison Harriet Beecher Stowe John Brown Black Abolitionists Harriet Tubman Sojourner Truth Frederick Douglas |
|
|
What causes California's population to explode in 1849? |
The Gold Rush |
|
|
Explain 4 out of 5 aspects of the Compromise of 1850. |
-California would be admitted as a free state -Creating Utah and New Mexico territories with the decision of slavery to be determined -Settling New Mexico/Texas border dispute -Ending slave trade in Washington, DC -Fugitive slave act passed |
|
|
What Senator proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? |
Stephen Douglas |
|
|
Explain why Kansas was "bleeding" |
A series of violent events over slavery and anti-slavery |
|
|
What abolitionists attacked settlers of Pottawattamie Creek in Kansas? |
John Brown |
|
|
On what grounds did Dredd Scott sue for his freedom? |
He lived in an area was slavery had been deemed illegal |
|
|
Summarize the Dredd Scott decision. |
-Slavers were not considered citizens so they could not sue in court -Federal government did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in its territories -Scott remained a slave |
|
|
Who did Lincoln run against in 1858 for Senator from Illinois? |
Stephen Douglas |
|
|
What were the series of public debates which with the candidates engaged in called? |
The Great Debates |
|
|
What were Lincoln's views on slavery? Was he an abolitionists? Did his personal views differ from his political? |
-Lincoln was not an abolitionists -He thought slavery should be contained |
|
|
What is popular sovereignty? |
Government power is created by consent of the people (people have power) |
|
|
What was the Brooks-Summer Affair? What sparked Brooks' anger? |
He beat Massachusetts Senator with a cane because he had talked mess about a family member |
|
|
Who won the Presidential election of 1856? |
Buchanan |
|
|
What caused the Civil War |
-slavery -sectionalism -secession/state rights |
|
|
Who was the President of the Confederacy? |
Jefferson Davis |
|
|
What city was the capital of the Confederacy? |
Richmond, Virginia |
|
|
Know the 4 major candidates for President in 1860 and what parties they represented. |
Lincoln-Republican Bell-Constitutional Union Douglas-Democrat Breckenridge-Democrat |
|
|
The first states to secede were in the Deep South. |
fact |
|
|
What was the opening battle of the Civil War? Who won? |
-Fort Sumter -The Confederates |
|
|
How did the Union and Confederacy compare in terms of resources, leadership, and military strategies in the period of 1861-1865? What impact did these factors have on the course of the war? |
Union had better resources but the Confederacy had better military minds. |
|
|
What states were border states? |
-Kentucky -Missouri -West Virginia -Maryland -Delaware -D.C. |
|
|
Why was Lincoln particularly worried about losing Maryland to the Confederacy? |
Threat to the National capital |
|
|
The first major battle of the war was First Bull Run. -Where was it fought? -Who won? |
-fought in Virginia -Confederate Victory |
|
|
How did General Jackson get the nickname "Stonewall"? |
-Didn't budge -Stood his ground |
|
|
Which caused more deaths in the Civil War? -battlefield or disease? |
Diseases caused a large portion of deaths in war |
|
|
What reasons did the British have for supporting the Confederacy? |
They relied on the South for cotton |
|
|
What battle resulted in the bloodiest day in American history? |
Battle of Antietam |
|
|
What reasons did Lincoln have to NOT issue the Emancipation Proclamation? |
-He did not want to risk losing the border states -did not believe he, as the president, had the power under the Constitution to abolish slavery where it already existed. -knew that most Northern Democrats were against emancipation. |
|
|
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued after what battle? |
The Battle of Antietam |
|
|
How many black troops served in the Union Army? |
180,000 |
|
|
What difficulties or discrimination did blacks face in the Union Army? |
-Were often put on the front lines -Were often treated unfairly and looked down upon |
|
|
Why did a major battle occur at Gettysburg? Was it a strategic location? |
-Confederate raiding party and Union forces began exchanging fire -was a strategic location |
|
|
Where is Gettysburg? What state is it in? Union or Confederacy? |
- located in Pennsylvania -union |
|
|
Who led the Union forces at Gettysburg? |
George Meade |
|
|
What were the casualties at Gettysburg? |
Union-23,049 Confederacy-28,063 |
|
|
Who led the Confederate forces at Gettysburg?
|
Lee |
|
|
When did the Battle of Gettysburg take place? Who won? |
July 1, 1863 - July 3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania |
|
|
When did the Battle of Vicksburg take place? Who won? |
May 18, 1863 - July 4, 1863 Vicksburg, Mississippi |
|
|
Who was the Union general at Vicksburg? |
Grant |
|
|
Why did he attack Vicksburg? Was it a strategic location? Where is Vicksburg? |
-Bend on the River -They could control ships going up and down -Mississippi |
|
|
What were the most difficult problems faced by the Confederate government? |
There was no food and people were starving |
|
|
How did the Confederate economy fare during the war? |
The economy was destroyed |
|
|
Descrive the destruction done by Sherman. |
He burned many Southern cities |
|
|
Who was the Democratic nominee for President in 1864? |
McClellan |
|
|
Why did Lincoln win the election of 1864? |
He had a lot of support from the soldiers on the front lines |
|
|
Where did Lee surrender to Grant? |
Appomattox |
|
|
Who assassinated Lincoln? |
John Wilkes Booth |
|
|
What were the total casualties combining the Union and Confederate forces together? |
1,100,000 |
|
|
Was created by the government to help freed slaves deal with all the struggles of being free by giving them food, shelter, place to sleep |
Freedmen's Bureau |
|
|
Laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. |
Black Codes of 1865
|
|
|
Was founded by General Nathan Bedford Forrest . |
KKK
|
|
|
Was a United States federal law (in force from 1867 to 1887) that was intended to restrict the power of the President of the United States to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate. |
Tenure of Office Act
|
|
|
A Northerner who moved to the South after the American Civil War, during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877). |
Carpetbaggers |
|
|
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party, after the American Civil War. |
Scalawag |
|
|
System of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. |
Sharecrop |
|
|
A group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment. |
Chain gang |
|
|
Happened when Johnson was charged with violation of Tenure of Office Act. |
Johnson's Impeachment and Trial |
|
|
Specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. |
10% Plan
|
|
|
Summarize the content of the Reconstruction Amendments. |
Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870 -abolished slavery-13th -grant citizenship to all persons born in America (including previous slaved blacks)-14th - Ensure citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color or previous condition of servitude-15th |
|
|
Purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era. |
Compromise of 1877 |
|
|
Compare Presidential Reconstruction to Congressional Reconstruction. |
-Plan The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union.
-Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. |
|
|
Statute enacted by many American southern states in the wake of Reconstruction (1865-1877) that allowed potential white voters to circumvent literacy tests, poll taxes, and other tactics designed to disfranchise southern blacks. |
Grandfather Clause |
|
|
Tax levied as a prerequisite for voting. |
Poll Tax |
|
|
Assesses a person's understanding of a particular language. |
Literacy Tests |
|
|
Supreme court case that violated the 14th amendment ; jim crow laws were set up because of this |
Plessy v. Ferguson |
|
|
What were the major problems facing the South and the Nation after the Civil War? How did Reconstruction address them or fail to do so? |
1.The land was in ruins 2.Confederate money was worthless 3.Banks were ruined 4.No law or authority 5.The souths transportation system was in complete disorder. 6.Loss of enslaved workers,worth two billion dollars. 7.Government at all levels, had disappeared 1.all land except slaves returned |
|
|
Identify following on map |
A. Chesapeake Bay B. Cape Cod C. St. Lawrence River D. Long Island E. Roanoke Island F. Inca Civilization G. Anasazi Culture H. Mayan Culture |
|
|
Continued... |
I. Louisiana Purchase J. Land U.S. obtained from Treaty of Paris K. Proclamation Line 1783 L. District of Columbia M. Potomac River N. Lake Erie O. Niagara Falls P. Mississippi River |
|
|
Continued... |
Q. Rio Grande River R. Nueces River S. New Orleans T. Oregon Territory U. Mexican Cession Lands V. Gadsden Purchase |
|
|
Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire. |
Cortez |
|
|
Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Inca Empire. On his expedition he captured and killed the Incan emperor Atahualpa and claimed the fallen empire for the Spanish. |
Pizzaro |
|
|
Refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. |
Columbian Exchange |
|
|
It was a late 16th-century attempt by Queen Elizabeth I to establish a permanent English settlement. |
Roanoke |
|
|
Settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the second permanent English settlement in the Americas after Bermuda. First successful English colony |
Jamestown |
|
|
Oldest of the 13 original colonies |
Virginia |
|
|
The man who saved Jamestown from failure in its early days. |
John Smith |
|
|
Native American notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia |
Pocahontas |
|
|
First cash crop of the New World. |
Tobacco |
|
|
Book written by William Bradford. |
Plymouth Plantation |
|
|
Wanted to separate from the Church of England |
Separatists/ Puritan Beliefs |
|
|
First written framework of government established in what is now the United States. |
Mayflower Compact |
|
|
The man who began the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania |
William Penn |
|
|
Stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. |
Middle Passage |
|
|
Wrote "The Wealth of Nations" Stated Laissez-Faire Government should not interfere with the economy |
Adam Smith |
|
|
Was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. |
First Continental Congress |
|
|
Shot that is thought of as the first shot of the American Revolution. |
Shot Heard Round the World |
|
|
Battle fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. |
Battle of Bunker Hill |
|
|
Convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the summer of 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that, soon after warfare, declared the American Revolutionary War had begun. |
Second Continental Congress |
|
|
Role of Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence. |
wrote it primarily with some changes made by John Adams |
|
|
Statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. |
The Declaration of Independence |
|
|
The view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. |
Social Contract Theory |
|
|
He served as the second President of the United States, the first Vice President, and as a Founding Father was a leader of American independence from Great Britain. |
John Adams |
|
|
Advantages Americans have in the war |
On our own land knew where to go |
|
|
General during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but defected to the British Army. |
Benedict Arnold |
|
|
American victory that ended the warCornwallis's men weakened from loss at Cowpens. |
Yorktown |
|
|
British Army officer and colonial administrator. |
General Cornwallis |
|
|
French aristocrat and military officer who fought for the United States in the American Revolutionary War. |
Marquis de Lafayette |
|
|
Peace treaty between the United States and Britain that ended the American Revolutionary War. |
Peace of Paris, 1783 |
|
|
Meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution. |
Constitution Convention and major disputes |
|
|
Know the Amendments (Bill of Rights) |
First Ten Amendments |
|
|
Impeachment and removal of a President and federal judges. |
Started by a two-thirds majority vote of the Parliament to impeach the President, whereupon the Constitutional Court decides whether the President is guilty of the crime of which he is charged. If he is found guilty, he is removed from power. |
|
|
Arguments in favor/against of ratification of the Constitution |
Complained that the new system threatened liberties, and failed to protect individual rights. |
|
|
Essays published in New York newspapers over course of 2 years (1787-1788) |
Federalist Papers |
|
|
How did Hamilton and Jefferson's hope for the future of our country differ? |
Jefferson was an anti-federalists who wanted a weakened central government. Hamilton was a federalists who wanted a strong central government. |
|
|
Was an American politician. He was the third Vice President of the United States, serving during President Thomas Jefferson's first term. |
Aaron Burr |
|
|
Plantation Thomas Jefferson owned |
Monticello |
|
|
Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. |
Marbury v. Madison |
|
|
Fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1835. |
John Marshall and the Marshall Court |
|
|
War or 1812 |
"Mr. Madison's War" |
|
|
Wrote the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
Francis Scott Key |
|
|
Effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. |
Missouri Compromise |
|
|
A slogan from the presidential election of 1840. Sas the Whig presidential candidate William Henry Harrison |
Tippecanoe and Tyler Too |
|
|
Distracted Santa Anna unintentionally |
Yellow Rose of Texas |
|
|
American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. |
Joseph Smith |
|
|
12th President of the United States |
Zachary Taylor |
|
|
War with Mexico which began in 1846 when the U.S. annexed Texas and Mexico challenged the Border. |
Mexican American War |
|
|
Presidents who were military heroes |
1. Zachary Taylor 2. Andrew Jackson 3. Ulysses S. Grant 4. George Washington |
|
|
Presidents who were VP's |
1. Thomas Jefferson 2. Martin Van Buren 3. Millard Fillmore 4. Andrew Johnson 5. John Tyler |
|
|
Presidents who died in office |
1. Harrison 2. Taylor 3. Lincoln |
|
|
Know Presidents (in order) from Washington to Hayes (1789-1877) |
1.Washington 2.John Adams 3.Jefferson 4.Madison 5.Monroe 6.John Quincy Adams 7.Jackson 8.Van Buren 9.Harrison 10.Tyler 11.Polk 12. Taylor 13.Fillmore 14.Pierce 15. Buchanan 16. Lincoln 17.Johnson 18. Grant 19. Hayes |
