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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 characteristics of a civilization
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technology,
specialized workers, written records, advanced cities, and institutions |
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natural barriers of china
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To the east: yellow sea, east china sea, pacific ocean
To the west: taklimakan desert and the plateau of tibet To the southwest: himalaya mountains To the north:Gobi desert and mongolian plateau |
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rivers in China
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haung he (yellow river)
yangtze east china sea (not really a river) |
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Loess
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the yellow silt, which is actually fertile soil that is depostited in large amounts in the yellow river
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dynasty
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a single family that controls a territory. The family's power is passed through generations
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Xia dynasy (tsia)
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very first dynasty
2000 BCE - 1700 BCE No written records still exist built levees to prevent flooding |
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Shang Dynasty
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1700 BCE - 1027 BCE
first to have written records established a culture in China that still exists today |
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advantages to China's location
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isolated. (they don't have to worry about a ton of invasions)
part of the country is right on the water (trade) |
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disadvantages to China's location
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isolated. (seperate from the world, meaning that they might fall behind on technology)
early settlers had to supply their own goods instead of trading with the outside because of their geological position the natural boundries didn't fully protect China (west and north were open for easy invasions) 10% of China's land is suitable for farming |
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family in Shang Dynasty
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family is more important than individual
Patriarchal,meaning men are in charge and women try to just have sons |
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social classes in Shang dynasty
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upper class lived in walled areas on top of hills
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religious beliefs in shang dynasty
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oracle bones
worshiped ancestors for good luck and advice central god was Shang Di |
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development of writing in China
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originated from oracle bones
pictographic, meaning pictures or symbols represented words |
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advantages and disadvantes to a pictographic writing system
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advantages: don't actually have to know the language to understand
disadvantages: have to learn to many symbols and could have trouble drawing the symbols |
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Zhou dynasty
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1027 BCE - 256 BCE
created coin system to replaced a barter (trade) system |
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mandate of heaven
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shows that the ruler has support of the Gods
the gods would show this through natural disasters or war |
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feudalism
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a political system in which nobles or lords are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king
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advantages and disadvantages to feudalism
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advantages: easier for king because he doesn't have to control large areas of land
disadvantages: lords start to fight for more land |
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period of warring states
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771 BCE - 256 BCE
Where feudalism failed and all lords were fighting each other. Feudalism failed because it became the “bad tree”. Ethic Systems! |
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ethical systems
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a process by which individuals make decisions, particularly about what is right and wrong
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confucianism
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proposed by CONFUCIUS
said that only 5 relationships mattered: father over son big brother over little brother husband over wife ruler over subjects friend equals friend The catch is…: the higher person in each relationship must be kind, fair, and a good role model to its relationship partner |
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daoism
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proprosed by Laozi, who wrote a book called Dao de Ching.He believed in something called the dao, or the way, or the flow, or chill
this started choas with people because it was too relaxed and there was no control most UNpopular of ethical systems this is where the ying-yang came from. Th ying-yang is a sign of peace |
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legalism
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proposed by Li Si
most successful of all ethic systems said that if someone did something bad they should be punished and if they did something good they were to be rewarded this ended the period of warring states |
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book of oracles
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a book on how to read oracles and common sense
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Quin dynasty
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256 BCE - 226 BCE
CHINA based of Quin Shi Huangdi, 1st emperor of China Ordered: all roads to be built leading to the capital city, all lords to live in the capital city, all military under his control, KILL all confucianists |
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Shi Huangdi’s tree metaphor for feudalism
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he wanted there to be a strong base (trunk) and light thin branches instead of a thin weak base (trunk) and heavy branches that made the base bend and break
(look at pic on study guide) |
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globalization in China
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when local characteristics become global or international characteristics
examples: mcdonalds, starbucks, nike |
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sahel
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the grassland south of the Sahara Desert, it’s not as dry as the Sahara but it often suffers from drought
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desertification
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the process by which land becomes more and more dry until it turns into a desert
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desert
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a dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures, and sparce vegetation
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marginal land
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land that is not well-suited for farming
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oasis
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an isolated spot in the desert where water is found (where most people and plants live)
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pastoral nomads
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groups of herders that move with their animals from place to place in search of water and land
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apartheid
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a racially segragated community
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ethnic group
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a group of people that share a common characteristic
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ethnic groups of South Africa
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white,
black, colored, asian |
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multiracial
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a society based on many different ethnic groups
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facts about south africa (5)
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At the southern tip of Africa,
5% of Africa’s population lives in South Africa, Makes 2/5 of all factory goods for Africa, Africa’s most developed country, Have cash crops – corn, wheat, and sugar cane |
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genocide
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systematic actions performed to destroy a group of people based on a specific characteristic
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Janjaweed
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An Arab Militia group,
Possibly supported by the Sudanese govt., Hired by govt. to silence rebellions in Darfur, Has taken action against blacks in Darfur |
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UN genocide convention
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what was written to define genocide
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regions of Latin America
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south america,
central america, the caribbean |
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the sierra madres
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2 mountain ranges
West range – Sierra Madre Occidental East range – Sierra Madre Oriental |
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isthmus (of panama)
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a narrow strip of land that links to larger land masses
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panama canal
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Allowed ships to travel to the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean without them having to go all the way around South America
Built in the early 1900’s |
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andes mountains
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Covers 7 countries
The longest exposed mountain range (4500 miles) People raise llamas and sheep here |
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plain
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A large area of flat, treeless land
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basin
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a bowl-shaped depression in the Earth’s surface
Amazon basin is the largest in South America |
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plateau
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a raised area of land, such as a hill or mountain that has a flat top
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rainforest
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a type of thick evergreen forest that is found in areas of heavy rainfall
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atacama desert
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located in Chile
driest desert in the world |
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coral beaches/islands
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when the skeletons of tiny sea creatures named coral form islands that are flat and sandy
Tend to be smaller than other beaches |
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volcanic islands
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tops of submerged mountains that rise steeply from warm beaches to rugged peaks
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rubber tappers
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Think they aren’t doing any harm
Make money off it Take the sap out of trees and make rubber out of it |
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brazilian settlers
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Think that since the land is in Brazil, the Brazilian settlers should be able to live there
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environmentalists
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Argue that all rainforest species have a right to live happily
Think that rainforests are important to the rest of the world Want to slow down the destruction so that scientists can study it |
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loggers
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Cut down trees to build things
Help Brazilian economy |
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natives
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Think they should have the land because they were there first
Government isn’t listening to what they say or think Uses farming techniques that don’t destroy the land |
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cattle drivers
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Use the grass land for their cows’ food. The grass land is what is left over from the loggers
Give the U.S. in expensive high-quality beef Give Brazil a lot of money |
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MAYAN culture (8)
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used a religious calendar, had a king, grew and traded maize, squash, and beans, used slash and burn agriculture, had a very advanced writing/number system, human sacrifice, violent, 250 AD, used chocolate as a bartering good
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INCAN culture (9)
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originally lived in the high plateaus of the andes, official language: quecha, 1200 AD, built all roads so that they led to the capital, no found writting systems, powerful military and leaders, good resourses, society over individual, had an emperor
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similarities between incan and mayan culture (3)
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polytheistic, located in the Americas, built great cities
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Chichen Itza, (Mayans) (6)
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built beween the 7th and 10th century, yucatan, mexico, had many tribes, pyramids were ruined, split into 2 parts, spanish conquistadores killed them
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Macchu Piccu, (Incans) (6)
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built between 1460 and 1470 AD, didn't use mortar, they built the intihuatana, most people were children, priests, and women, civil war killed them, also killed by small pox by the europeans
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similarities between chichen itza and macchu piccu (4)
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large, religious sites, farmed, killed in some form by the spanish
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in what ways have the mayans preserved their ancient culture?
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Their farming methods, religion, the way they celebrate, the way they dress, the way they speak (still Mayan language in some places), what they make (woodwork & crafts), the new government all preserve traditional culture
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in what ways have the mayans adapted to modern life?
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They have started growing new crops, working for wages instead of selling crops, using modern farming tools such as axes, men dress modernly, they do not trade any more, they speak Spanish instead of Mayan, they have souvenirs for tourists, and they have a new government.
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