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249 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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South Atlantic System/Triangular Trade |
slave trade for england |
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Middle Passage |
trail from africa to carribean. longest road for slave |
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Enlightenment |
era |
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Deists |
god abandoned the world |
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John Locke |
Enlightenment declaration of independent |
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Benjamin Franklin |
Founding father Can Invent |
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Great Awakening/ Pietism George Whitefeild |
Protestant movement contribute to the revolution |
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"Mixed government" |
balance of power |
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Articles of Confederation |
temporary constitution before the actual one |
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
manage the northwest create 5 new state |
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Shays' Rebellion |
farmer protest about tax |
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American alliance with France (17th century) |
french provide the revolution with navy |
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Yorktown |
French - us won British gave up |
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Treaty of Paris (1783) |
British give up america but still keep canada |
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"War of attrition"/Washington |
by George Washington |
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Battle of Trenton/Battle of Princeton |
washington fight during xmas won courage the patriotic |
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Battle of Saratoga/John Burgoyne |
american won help ally with frech |
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Valley Forge/Baron von Steuben |
Baron von Steuben help with the spirit |
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2nd Continental Congress |
declare the revolution war has begun |
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Thomas Paine's Common Sense |
openly ask about independent from british "not obey the king anymore" |
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Thomas Jefferson/Declaration of Independence |
july 4 continuing offense the king "all men are create equal" |
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Tea Act |
British help a tea party ==> make american upset |
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Committees of Correspondence |
response to the tea act destroy tea |
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Boston Tea Party |
pretend to be indian and destroy the tea |
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Coercive ("Intolerable") Acts |
england "punish" a colonies |
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1st Continental Congress |
the meeting of the colonies to oppose to the british |
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Paul Revere |
alerting the colonial militia to the approach of British forces before thebattles of Lexington and Concord |
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Minutemen |
well-prepared militia companies for colonies |
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Townshend Acts |
imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies. |
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Daughters of Liberty |
women boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts. |
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Boston Massacre |
British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others |
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Sugar Act |
taxes sugar and molasses |
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Stamp Act |
tax on printing stuff |
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Stamp Act Congress |
first meeting in the colonies oppose to the raise of tax |
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Sons of Liberty |
battling the Stamp Act destroy stuff |
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Declaratory Act |
britain firmly claim on u.s |
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Eli Whitney |
invent cotton gin |
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Missouri Compromise |
missouri and maine create a line |
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Rush-Bagot Treaty |
following the War of 1812. limiting naval armaments |
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Adams-Onis Treaty |
United States and Spain purchase florida |
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Monroe Doctrine |
no one can colonize us we are a free country |
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1812 war |
us vs britain because of the trade restriction no change in boudaries but calm the relationship |
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Treaty of Ghent |
ended the 1812 war |
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Hartford Convention |
federalist died |
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Louisiana Purchase |
buy from Napoleon with very cheap price |
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Lewis and Clark Expedition |
to check the new land that we bought from france |
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Aaron Burr |
infamous |
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Alien and Sedition Acts |
federalist laws |
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions/Nullification |
thomas jefferson and james madison the F laws are unconstitutional |
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Revolution of 1800" |
jefferson defeat Adam first non-violent power exchange |
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Thomas Jefferson |
2nd president D-R vetoed the F laws but keep the bank |
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Alexander Hamilton |
secretary of treasury create an economic system for america |
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Jay's Treaty |
United States and Great Britain settle down after the revolution |
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Whiskey Rebellion |
opposed the whiskey taxes Washington stop the rebell |
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Virginia Plan |
a scheme for a national goverment |
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New Jersey Plan |
one state/one vote poppulous state reject |
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Connecticut (or "Great") Compromise |
agreement that large and small states reached oppose to new jersey plan |
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3/5 Compromise |
about slave |
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Federalist Papers |
- collection of 85 articles - Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay |
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Bill of Rights |
first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. |
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General Winfield Scott |
unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852. |
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Wilmot Proviso |
growing controversy over slavery |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
US and Mexico we buy Texas from Mexico |
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Free-Soil Movement |
oppose to slavery spreading in the new land for the sake of the workers |
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Election of 1848 |
Zachary Taylor won for Whig party but died shortly after |
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Popular sovereignty |
let the public decide about savery |
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Manifest Destiny |
expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
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James Polk |
"Fifty-four forty or fight! |
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American Colonization Society |
- b and w can not live together - move to liberia |
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Nat Turner's Rebellion |
make slave owner worried |
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William Lloyd Garrison |
the voice of Abolitionism host THE LIBERATOR |
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Theodore Dwight Weld/Angelina Grimke |
abolitionist speaker |
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Gag Rule |
a gag in the mouth |
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Liberty Party |
first antislavery party |
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Panic of 1837 |
financial crisis in 1840s connect to the destroy of national bank |
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Election of 1840/William Henry Harrison |
Whig died after become president. |
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John Tyler's presidency |
loneliest president in us history |
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Black Hawk War |
jackson remove native american |
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Andrew Jackson |
"Kitchen Cabinet" "Spoils system" Bank |
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Election of 1824 ("The Corrupt Bargain") |
John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay |
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Andrew Jackson's views of the "American System" |
american system: by john quinncy adam and henry clay Jackson doesn't like it. |
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"Tariff of Abominations |
raise the tarriff help the north but damage the south |
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James Buchanan vs. John C. Fremont |
last election before civil war buchanan won. He didn't do much to stop the tension ==> low rank |
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Lecompton Constitution |
written by pro-slavery supporters fake Kansas constitution |
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Bleeding Kansas |
John Brown them dau vao lua |
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"The Caning of Sumner" (Charles Sumner) |
Sumner was hit by Preston brooks ==> Marty and hero |
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Election of 1852 |
Franklin Pierce won a dough face |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act/Stephen A. Douglas |
allowed people in the territories of Kansas andNebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. |
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American ("Know-Nothing") Party |
Nationalist, anti Catholic 3rd Party |
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Gadsden Purchase |
us buy a small little amount of land in Mexico |
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Ostend Manifesto |
the United States ask to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused. |
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William Walker |
invade Nicaragua, connect with slavery |
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Fugitive Slave Act |
require free soiler to return escaped slave back |
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Uncle Tom's Cabin |
make more people sympathize with abolitionist movement. |
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California Gold Rush |
Make people move to Cali concern about slavery spreading |
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Compromise of 1850 |
(Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Stephen A. Douglas) enact the fugitive slave act. several other points |
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John C. Calhoun |
s.carolina "Common property" doctrine |
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Lincoln's Reconstruction plan |
Ten-Percent Plan: pretty generous toward the confederate. |
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"Radical" Republicans |
a group of republican want harsh punishment to the of confederates. |
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Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan |
oppose black people vetoed some reconstruction plan |
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Black Codes |
- southern laws restricting African Americans' freedom |
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Freedmen's Bureau Bill |
- Help the free black with job, shelters,.. |
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14th Amendment |
abolish slave |
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Ulysses S. Grant's war strategies (total war) |
- aim at the civilian side of the war ==> destroy the ability to fight |
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Election of 1864 |
Lincoln won, s Carolina succeeded |
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William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea" |
won the Civil war destroy confederate house, supplies, properties,... |
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Appomattox Court House |
confederate surrendered |
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Emancipation Proclamation |
Lincoln freed Slave |
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Battle of Vicksburg/General Ulysses S. Grant |
aggressively split confederate in half |
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Significance of the Battle of Gettysburg |
turning point of the war: make british reject helping the south |
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Secession |
first by South Carolina |
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Crittenden Plan |
- keeping slavery forever in the south ==> try to call them back to the union - failed |
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Fort Sumter |
first battle of the civil war no calsuaties |
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Jefferson Davis |
confederate president |
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First Battle of Bull Run (Manasses) |
lincoln did not satisfied and fired with Mckellan |
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Antietam |
bloodiest day in american military history |
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Dred Scott |
famous case |
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William McKinley (p)/U.S.S. Maine
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- Spanish American War - "A Splendid Little War" - "free" cuba and Philippine - Imperialism |
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Filipino "insurrection"/Emilio Aguinaldo
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- We get Philippine after won over Spain - Filipino did not like it and rebel |
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Imperialism
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- bigger, stronger countries take over the weaker ones |
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Alfred T. Mahan's proposals
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- We must be a superpower in the sea - like the older superpower - connect to imperialism |
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"Dumb-bell" tenements
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- laws require room to have window and building to have airshaft - not really effective |
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Andrew Carnegie
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- American man figure " from zero to hero" |
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"Gilded Age"/laissez-faire
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- 1870s to about 1900 - beautiful outside, not as nice inside - a lot of immigrant come |
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Social Darwinism
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- based on Darwinism theory - The rich is the best and they deserve it - Rich is in higher social position |
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Political machines
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- mostly corrupt system - the boss give supporters rewards |
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Exodusters
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- Black moved from the South to Kansas - affect indian |
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Severalty policy
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"make Indian get into our societies" |
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Wounded Knee
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- massacre - last conflict with Indian |
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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separate but equal |
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Booker T. Washington
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the great accommodator |
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W.E.B. DuBois
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- Black must be more active, must stand for their right |
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Sharecropping
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-landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -former slave |
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Ku Klux Klan
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-Southern Christian based group -valued white supremacy |
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Election of 1876/Rutherford B. Hayes
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vs Samuel Tilden controversial election Hayes ended the reconstruction era |
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Warren G. Harding's administration
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isolationist a lot of posthumous scandal one of the lowest ranking |
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff;
Washington Naval Arms Conference Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact; Dawes Plan |
did not solve the problem but cause WWII |
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Treaty of Versailles
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end of WW1 |
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14 Points
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Woodrow Wilson's plan for world peace |
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Palmer Raids
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1919 and January 1920 look for radical leftists, especially anarchists, |
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Sacco-Vanzetti Case
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- were convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the armed robbery -controversal case |
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18th Amendment
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prohibit alcohol |
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Zimmermann Telegram
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make US involve in WW1 |
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Impact of Russian Revolution on WWI |
russia get out of the war more american in the war |
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Theodore Roosevelt's conservation policies |
national park,... |
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Square Deal |
teddy roosevelt |
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"New Freedom" |
Woodrow Wilson's restriction to big business |
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Muckrakers |
journalism that explode the corruption during the gilded era |
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Direct primary system |
a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people |
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Initiative, referendum, and recall |
people have ultimate say |
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Open Door Policy |
imperialist share the china cake |
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Boxer "Rebellion" |
rebellion in China |
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Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" Diplomacy |
train to have a powerful military use power to compromise with the smaller contries |
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Roosevelt Corollary |
- similar to Monroe doctrine - we are the polic for the Latin countries |
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William Howard Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" |
use money to influence the smaller countries |
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Woodrow Wilson's "Moral Diplomacy" |
- not "bully" but try to teach the countries our moral |
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National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (Wagner Act) |
allowed labor union |
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Social Security Act |
President Franklin D. Roosevelt`s signature provide welfare, protection for unemployment |
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Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
help 2/3 people to find jobs |
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Tax Reform Bill of 1935 (Revenue Act of 1935) |
tax more on the rich peole |
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"Court-packing" scheme |
Roosevelt want to fill the conservative congress with the progressism |
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"Roosevelt Recession" |
the new deal got its peak economic start to decline |
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Fireside chats |
people hear FDR through radios |
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Brain Trust |
FDR call the expert to help him solve the problem |
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"Hundred Days" (Emergency Banking Act; Civilian Conservation Corps; Prohibition repealed; Agricultural Adjustment Act; National Recovery Administration; Federal Emergency Relief Administration; Public Works Administration/Civil Works Administration) |
congress have to be very fast (not like the other times) to solved the problem |
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Roosevelt's critics (Dr. Francis Townshend; Father Charles Coughlin; Senator Huey Long) |
Dr. Francis Townshend : about social security |
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Bonus Army |
ex-veteran ask for bonus damage hoover reputation |
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Black Tuesday |
October 29, 1929 fist strike of the GD |
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Dust Bowl |
Greatest drought in American history |
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The "new" KKK |
during the GD now also opposed to immigrant and Catholic |
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Harlem Renaissance |
African-American art spread in Halerm street of New York |
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Marcus Garvey |
new D.E.Bois rival tell A-A to leave and come back to Africa to be accepted |
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Fair Deal |
U.S. President Harry S. Truman want to kinda continue the New deal |
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Election of 1948 |
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Joseph McCarthy/McCarthyism |
Lied about detecting communist |
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House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAAC) |
to look for Communist or Socialist |
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Alger Hiss |
Soviet Spy |
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Spunik |
Soviet; world's 1st satellite to go to the space |
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Interstate Highway System |
Form a lot of high way for military purpose |
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"Iron Curtain" speech |
by Winston Churchill about the spreading and distribution of Communist came true |
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George Kennan (Mr. X)/containment |
We should banned Soviet Union from spreading. |
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Truman Doctrine/Marshall Plan |
help the countries recovering from WWII ==> containment |
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NATO |
North- Atlantic Treaty Organization balance with the Communist countries |
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Douglas MacArthur and the Korean War |
Douglas MacArthur threatened to use atomic bomb to end the war. Truman fire him ==> Controversal at that time |
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"New Look"/"Massive retaliation" |
alarm the Soviet : we going to doing something if you do something bad |
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Eisenhower doctrine |
send troops to the Middle East to protect them from Communist (oli also) |
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Battle of Stalingrad |
turning point |
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D-Day |
Get French back |
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Battle of Midway |
Battle with Japan |
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Rationing |
during WWII cut back the amount of product that civilian can buy to support the war |
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Japanese-American internment |
Racist + Fear and anger about Japanese fascism ==> Concentration camp |
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Lend-Lease Act |
Lend greater amount for the allies ==> led to the pearl Harbor |
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Atlantic Charter |
FDR and Churchill talk about what they gonna do after winning the war - 4 freedom |
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
give job provide electricity for 8 states |
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Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)/Port Huron Statement |
- talk about credibility gap |
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Free Speech Movement at Berkeley |
student protest 1964-1965 University of California, Berkeley |
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Hippies |
more aggressively political and public than the beats |
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Operation Rolling Thunder |
Drop bomb to North Vietnam |
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Malcolm X |
support violence civil right movement vs Luther King |
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Black Power/Black Panthers |
Party for Self-Defense. |
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Ceasar Chavez |
boycott grape - union regconision |
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American Indian Movement (AIM) |
Native American protest for their right - Alcatraz prison |
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Women's Rights Movement/National Organization for Women (NOW) |
stand for more women in the government |
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Women's Liberation Movement |
political campaigns about reforms |
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)/Sit-in Movement |
Civil right movement sit in bar - pub to be served like white |
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)/Freedom Rides |
intend a civil right movement in the bus station was stopped and beat |
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March on Washington |
August 1963 Martin Luther King's I have a dream |
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Civil Rights Act of 1964/Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
- outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. - ended unequal application of voter registration |
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1964 presidential election |
Lyndon B. Johnson vs Gold waterGoldwater talk strongly about Coldwar ==> Johnson won a landslide |
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Great Society programs |
Lyndon B. Johnson want to help poor people |
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War on Poverty/Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) |
Lyndon B. Johnson - intend to eliminate poverty Medicare |
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1960 presidential campaign/election |
first debate first debate on tv kennedy vs nixon |
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Peace Corps |
cold war policy reach out to the 3rd world countries to gain support |
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Alliance for Progress |
cold war policy help the Latina countries |
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Brown vs. Board of Education |
end the Separate but equal |
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Montgomery Bus Boycott |
successful nonviolent protest Rosa Park |
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Baby Boomers |
Huge increase in birth school, houses was built a lot of recent president are baby boomers |
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The "Beats" |
1950's challenge the social standard |
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"Peace dividend" |
- extra money during peace time - actually spend in federal decific |
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"Contract with America" |
republican document about what they would do |
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Clarence Thomas |
- Anita Hill case - base for sexual harrashment |
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Persian Gulf War |
we won easily ==> keep oil higher Bush reputation |
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"Reaganomics |
cut tax and social program ==> poor not happy |
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Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI, or "Star Wars") |
Missile Defense base from Soviet weapon |
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Contras/Sandinistas |
Nicaragua we supply the contras to fight the pro-communist gov |
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Iran-Contra Affair |
Reagan administration sell weapon to Iran (our enemy) and use the money for the Contras |
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Reagan's meetings with Mikhail Gorbachev |
end the Cold War |
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Gerald Ford's problems as president |
- pardon Nixon so quickly - recieve a potential disaster economy |
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Jimmy Carter's "outsider" campaign as president |
get support from the credibility gap |
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Camp David Accords |
Israel and Egypt peace meeting with the help of Jimmy Carter |
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Panama Canal Treaty |
Carter promise to give back them after the century |
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Iranian Hostage Crisis |
444 days badly affect Carter's reputation and help Ronald Reagan |
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OPEC oil embargo |
affect us deeply |
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) |
equal rights for women |
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Affirmative action |
policy that favored the disadvantage group (in college, works,...) |
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"New Right" |
religious conservative (opposed gay, abortion,...) start to step in the polictical |
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George McGovern |
lose to Nixon (only got 2 state) |
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Watergate |
Big scandal that lead to Nixon reassignment |
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Executive privilege |
President right to not give the disadvantage information for the national security |
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Smoking gun/ the tape |
- Nixon gave the tape |
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Credibility gap |
civilian think that the gov is dishonest |
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Tet Offensive |
North vietnam Attack during Tet |
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Robert Kennedy |
Front runner for the President Was assassinated also |
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Campaign/Election of 1968 |
Nixon won |
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Silent Majority |
help Nixon won |
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Vietnamization |
tried to get troops out of Vietnam |
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My Lai Massacre |
American soldier killed Vietnamese civilian |
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Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) |
limit nuclear power with Soviet |
