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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chinggis Kahn birth
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Born 1167 AD
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Father: warrior; died when _____was small
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Chinggis Kahn
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Captured/imprisoned but escaped
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Chinggis Kahn
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Mastered steppe diplomacy-->able to entice unaffiliated tribes to join alliance
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Chinggis Kahn
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Unifies Mongols
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Chinggis Kahn
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How did Chinggis Khan strengthen the Mongols? (3)
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- Broke up tribes-->men had to join military units with no affiliation
- Chose officials based on talents/loyalty, not tribal status/kinship - Strengthened army |
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No Mongol will _________
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enslave another Mongol
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No Mongol will _________
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take possession of horses/ cattle of another Mongol
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Turns Mongols outward to other enemies
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Chinggis Kahn
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Lays foundation for Mongolian empire
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Chinggis Kahn
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Control over army, but not over government (overlords)
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Chinggis Kahn
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When did Chinggis Kahn die?
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1227 AD
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Mongol tribe controlled Russia 13th-15th century
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Golden Horde
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Overran Russia and explored Poland, Hungary, and eastern Germany
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Golden Horde
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Prized the north Black Sea and its pastureland
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Golden Horde
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Didn’t occupy Russia but got its tributes
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Golden Horde
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Eventually their power not recognized by Roman conquerors
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Golden Horde
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13th century: founder of Mali empire
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Sundiata
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Defective leg
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Sundiata
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Father ruler of small area
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Sundiata
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Old king dies; enemies invade kingdom and kill offspring not him
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Sundiata
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Reclaims throne
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Sundiata
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Establish Mali empire and consolidates rule throughout Niger river valley
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Sundiata
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Muslim, but respects other religions
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Sundiata
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Makes capital city at Niani
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Sundiata
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Legacy shaped lives of W. African people and linked W. Africa and Mediterranean basin
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Sundiata
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Trading city along trans-Saharan trade route
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Koumbi-Saleh
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When did Koumbi-Saleh exist?
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11th-13th century
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Capital of Ghana
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Koumbi-Saleh
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Commercial trade thrives-->about 15,000 people
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Koumbi-Saleh
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Supported qadis and Muslim scholars
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Koumbi-Saleh
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grand-nephew of Sundiata
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Mansa Musa
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When did Mansa-Musa reign?
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Ruled 1312-1337 AD; early 14th century
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Known for his pilgrimage to Mecca
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Mansa Musa
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What were the results of Mansa-Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca? (5)
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- huge
- took religion even more serious now - built mosques - sent smart students to study with Islamic scholars - Built 150+ schools |
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Value of gold declines
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Mansa Musa
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Establishes centralized gov’t in W. Africa that continues
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Mansa Musa
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Ensures Islam has prominent place in W. Africa for long term
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Mansa Musa
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Kingdom in Ethiopia--> center of Coptic Christianity
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Axum
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4th century: Christianity appears thru merchants
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Axum
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Kings converted by missionaries
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Axum
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What 3 things did Christian missionaries in Axum o?
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- Established monasteries
- Translated Bible into Ethiopian language - Popularized Christianity throughout kingdom |
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When did Hugh Capet rule?
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Ruled 987-996 AD; late 10th century
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After Carolingians, elected by Lords of France
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Hugh Capet
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At first, controlled a small area around France
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Hugh Capet
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Absorbed territories with no heirs and had right to give justice throughout area
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Hugh Capet
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Descendants added to resources and expanded political influence
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Hugh Capet
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When did Frederick Barbarossa live?
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1152- 1190 AD; 12 century
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“The red beard”
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Frederick Barbarossa
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Wanted to take over Lombardy to get its wealth (wealth would allow him to build powerful state and dominate Europe)
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Frederick Barbarossa
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Popes did not want him to, forced him to give up rights and stalled transformation of Holy Roman Empire into powerful state
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Frederick Barbarossa
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Crusade ending 1492 to drive Islam forces out of Spain
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Reconquista
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Caliphate of Cordoba ruled almost all of Iberian Peninsula
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Reconquista
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When did crusaders recapture Lisbon and have authority over half peninsula?
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1150 AD
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Success brought help from France and England
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Reconquista
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When did Christian forces conquered Granada (only remaining Islam kingdom)?
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1492 AD
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Islam considered threat to Christianity and campaigns against it were encouraged
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Reconquista
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After conquering, government was immediately set up and Christian authority asserted
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Reconquista
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Campaign to convert local populations
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Reconquista
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Explained Christianity in terms of scholastic theology and arguments from Aristotle
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Reconquista
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When did Pope Urban II reign?
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1035-1099 AD; 11th century
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Launched crusade towards end of reign
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Pope Urban II
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Council of Clermont: met with bishops and called for Christian knights to fight for and seize the holy land-->promised salvation to those who died
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Pope Urban II
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Ragtag team arrived within a year, sent to Palestine and almost all died
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Pope Urban II
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Indicated the high level of interest in the idea of the Crusades
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Pope Urban II
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When did St. Francis of Assisi live?
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1182-1226 AD; 12th-13th century
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What 3 things did the Dominican and Franciscan friars do?
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- Begged from audiences to whom they had preached
- Active in cities where they addressed recently arrived migrants - Combated heterodox movements and persuaded them to return to the church |
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Controversy over appointment of pope in 11th-12th centuries
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Investiture Contest
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Who is responsible for choosing pope and who has more power (pope or emperor)?
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Investiture Contest
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Popes thought emperors had no business in choosing church officials
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Investiture Contest
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a. Neither side was strong enough to win, but popes did prevent emperors from building powerful imperial state
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Investiture Contest
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Pope Gregory VII ordered end to lay investiture
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Investiture Contest
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Emperor Henry VI challenged and became excommunicated by Gregory and subjects released from duty
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Investiture Contest
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German princes rebel against Henry
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Investiture Contest
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Henry regains control after mercy of Gregory
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Investiture Contest
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Result: German princes won concessions that enhanced independence and lowered the emperor’s authority
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Investiture Contest
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Capital of Aztec empire; now Mexico city
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Tenochtitlan
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When was Lake Texcoco settled by Mexica people in?
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1345 AD
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What were the pros of Tenochtitlan? (3)
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- Plentiful food from lake
- Chinampa system of agriculture developed - Lake was natural defense |
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16th century: during Aztec empire, subject territories flowed into it and it became very wealthy
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Tenochtitlan
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Population of about 200,000
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Tenochtitlan
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Muslim traveler that visited many lands governed by Islamic rulers
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Ibn Battuta
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Became qadi and advisor to sultan of Dehli and supervised affairs of a mosque and heard law cases-->strongly enforced law
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Ibn Battuta
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Left India and worked in Maldive islands
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Ibn Battuta
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What did Ibn Battuta do in the Maldives? (2)
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- Was a judge and promoted the proper observance of Islam
- Tried, unsuccessfully, to convince island women to cover their breasts to meet modesty standards |
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Talked with Muslim rulers and gave advice about gov’t, dress, and proper relationships between the sexes
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Ibn Battuta
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Provided guidance in the ways of Islam in societies recently converted
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Ibn Battuta
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When did Marco Polo live?
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1253- 1324 AD; 13th-14th century
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Long distance traveler of Mongol times
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Marco Polo
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Father and Uncle first European merchants to visit China
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Marco Polo
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Accompanied them in 1271
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Marco Polo
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Khan liked ______ and let him pursue his mercantile interests in China and sent him on diplomatic missions
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Marco Polo
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17 years in China--> returns to Venice
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Marco Polo
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Represented Khan’s interests on diplomatic missions
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Marco Polo
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To support himself he supplemented his mercantile income with official duties assigned to him by the Khan
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Marco Polo
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Admiral that led expeditions from 1405-1433
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Zheng He
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Muslim from Yunnan, China who rose through eunuch administrative ranks to become advisor of Yongle
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Zheng He
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Each voyage had large fleet
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Zheng He
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Traded Chinese goods for unusual presents like zebras
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Zheng He
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Attained goals through diplomacy
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Zheng He
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Expeditions established a Chinese presence and reputation in Indian Ocean basin
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Zheng He
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Mid 1430s: Ming emperors ended expeditions and put funds elsewhere
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Zheng He
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Demonstrated that China could exercise military, political, and economic influence throughout Indian Ocean basin
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Zheng He
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