Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
patricians
|
a member of a wealthy aristocratic class of ancient rome
|
|
|
republic
|
a government in which the citizens elect the leader
|
|
|
pleabeians
|
a citizen of ancient rome who was not an aristocrat
|
|
|
consuls
|
in ancient rome, one of the two officials who headed the executive branch
|
|
|
dictator
|
a leader given temporary absolute power in a crisis
|
|
|
tribunes
|
an official who represented the pleabeians
|
|
|
indemnity
|
payment for damages or losses
|
|
|
triumverate
|
in ancient rome, a three-person ruling group
|
|
|
aqueduct
|
a channel built to carry water
|
|
|
sect
|
a subgroup with distinct beliefs within a larger group
|
|
|
messiah
|
a savior who promised by the Hebrew profits would bring peace
|
|
|
disciple
|
an active follower of a teacher
|
|
|
martyr
|
a person who suffers and dies for a belief
|
|
|
bishop
|
a regional leader of early Christian Church with authority over a diocese and other clergy
|
|
|
patriarch
|
one of five powerful bishops in major cities
|
|
|
pope
|
the bishop of rome, later head of roman catholic church
|
|
|
clergy
|
persons, such as prietsm given authority to conduct religious services
|
|
|
laity
|
church member who are not clergy
|
|
|
icon
|
a Christian religion image or picture
|
|
|
iconoclast
|
an opponent of the use of icons in Byzantine Churches, who thought they encouraged the worship of idols
|
|
|
schism
|
the division of the Christian Church in 1054 that seperated the Roman Catholic Church from the Eastern Orthodox Church
|
|
|
theology
|
study of religious questions
|
|
|
regent
|
a person who acts as a temporary ruler
|
|
|
mosaic
|
picture made up of tiny glass tile or stones set in plaster
|
|
|
illuminated manuscript
|
book page decorated by hand with elaborate designs, beautiful lettering, or miniture paintings
|
|
|
monastery
|
a community of men who have taken religous vows
|
|
|
missionary
|
a person who travels to carry the ideas of a religion to others
|
|
|
sheikh
|
chief of Bedouin tribe
|
|
|
revelation
|
a vision of divine trust, such as those that tributed to Muhammad
|
|
|
shar'iah
|
Islamic code of law
|
|
|
mosque
|
muslim house of worship
|
|
|
imam
|
muslim prayer leader
|
|
|
hajj
|
pilgrimage to Makkah that every able bodied muslim is expected to make atleast once
|
|
|
caliph
|
supreme leader of Islam, chosen as successor of Muhammah
|
|
|
jihad
|
muslims struggled to introduce islam to other lands
|
|
|
madrasa
|
muslim school of theology and law
|
|
|
bazaar
|
marketplaces in Islamic cities
|
|
|
calligraphy
|
the art of beautiful handwriting
|
|
|
arabesque
|
complex designs typical of Islamic art combining intertwining plants and geometric patterns
|
|
|
chronicle
|
an account that records event in order in which they happened
|
|
|
mayors of the palace
|
franksih official who held real power in government
|
|
|
count
|
a noble who acted as a local official within the Frankish empire
|
|
|
feudalism
|
medieval political system in which monarchs and lesser nobles made alliances based on exanching land grant for loyalty
|
|
|
fief
|
estate with peasant workers granted to a noble in exchange for loyalty and military help
|
|
|
vassal
|
a noble who held land and served a higher ranking lord
|
|
|
homage
|
formal ceremony establishing feudal ties between lords and vassals
|
|
|
tournament
|
medieval sport in which knights competed to show their fighting skills
|
|
|
chivarly
|
code of conduct for medieval knights based on ideals of honor and coutesy
|
|
|
manorialism
|
medieval economic system linking noble and peasants on their land
|
|
|
serf
|
a peasant laborer legally bound to the land of a noble
|
|
|
sacrement
|
one of the established formal rituals of the Roman Catholic Church
|
|
|
abbot
|
the head of a monastery
|
|
|
abbess
|
he director of a convent
|
|
|
cardinal
|
high ranking offical of the Roman Catholic Church
|
|
|
lay investiture
|
medieval practice in which secular rulers oppointed and inaugerated church officials such as bishops
|
|
|
heresy
|
disagreement with the basic teachings of a religion
|
|
|
excommunication
|
formal exclusion from a membership or participation in a church
|
|
|
friar
|
member of a Catholic order who preached in towns and practiced poverty
|
|
|
Crusades
|
military expeditions by European Christians in the 11th-13th centuries to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims
|
|
|
money economy
|
economic system in which money (not barter) is used to buy and sell
|
|
|
guild
|
medieval business association of merchants or craftsworkers
|
|
|
master
|
skilled artisan who owned a shop and employed other craftsworkers
|
|
|
apprentice
|
person who works for a master to learn a trade, art, or business
|
|
|
journeyman
|
craftsworker who has finished an apprenticeship and works
|
|
|
charter
|
formal document granting the right of self-rule
|
|
|
scholasticism
|
medieval school of thought that tried to bring together Aristotle's philosophy and the teachings of Church scholars
|
|
|
troubadour
|
poet-musician of the Middle Ages, who traveled from court to court
|
|
|
vernacular
|
the language of everyday speech, not of scholars, in a country or region
|
|
|
cortes
|
assembly of nobles, clergy, and town officials in medieval Spain; also, the parliament of modern Spain
|
|
|
justification by faith
|
Martin Luther's concept that faith alone is enough to bring salvation
|
|
|
pilgrimage
|
journey to a holy place
|
|
|
simony
|
the selling of official positions in the medieval Roman Catholic Church
|
|
|
humanism
|
Renaissance movement based on the literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome, such as the worth of each individual
|
|
|
indulgences
|
pardon sold by the Catholic Church to reduce one's punishment for sins
|
|
|
secular
|
worldly, not overtly or specifically religious
|
|
|
individualism
|
emphasis on the dignity and worth of the individual person
|
|
|
vocation
|
a calling from God to take up certain work
|
|
|
sonnet
|
poetry form with 14 lines and a fixed pattern of rhyme and meter
|
|
|
theocracy
|
government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god
|
|
|
predestination
|
doctrine of John Calvin that each person's fate is predetermined by God
|
|
|
seminary
|
school for educating priest, as ordered by the Council of Trent
|
|
|
baroque
|
ornate, dramatic artistic style developed in Europe in the 1500s
|
