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254 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AIDS
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Accqired immune deffinciency syndrome, a disease that attacks the immune system
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Cloning
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process of creating identical copies of DNA for reserch and other purposes
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Cyberterrorism
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Attacks on information systems for political reasons
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Department of homelan securituy
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Department of the us goverment that organizes the fight against against terrorism in the us
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developed nation
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inustrialized nation
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emerging nation
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nation that is still developoing industry
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free trade
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absence of trade barriers that cam block trade between countries
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gender inequalituy
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difference between men and women in terms of wealth and status
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genetic engineering
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use of genes ti develop new products and cures
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global economy
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economy linking the economys of many nations
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green reveloution
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attempt to increas food resources worldwide in the 20th century
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International space station
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project, involoving 16 nations, to build a huge labratory in space
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internet
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worldwide computer network
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materialsm
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placing high value on owning things
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ozone layer
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layer of atmosphere that blocks dangerous rays from the sun
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political dissent
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difference of opinion over political issues
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popular culture
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cultural elements- such as sports, music, movies, and clothing that reflect a groups common background
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proloferation
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spread
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refugees
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people who leave their country to move to another to find saftey
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sustainable growth
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economic growth that meets current needs but conserves resources for the future
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terrorism
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use of violence against people or property to force changes in societies or goverments
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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1948 UN statement of specific right sthat all people should have
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USA Patriot act
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Antiterrorism law that allowed the goverment certain rights to help chase and capture terrorists
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apartheild
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strict seperation of blacks and whites
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Boris Yeltsin
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Political oppoent of gorbachez who becam president of russia
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Brasilia
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Capital city of Brazil
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CIS
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Commonwealth of independent states, a loose federation of former soviet territories
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deng xiaping
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chinease leader after Zhou Enlai
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dissident
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person against govaerment policy
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ethnic cleansing
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policy of murder and brutality aimed at ridding a county of a particular ethnic group
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federal system
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system in which power is shared between state goverment and a central authority
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Four modernizations
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goals of deng xioping that called for progress in agricuture, industry, defense, and science and technology
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glasnost
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gorbachev;s policy of openess
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hong kong
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island that became part of china agian in 1997
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land reform
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breaking up large estates in order to give land to the landless
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Lech Walesa
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Leader of Solidarity
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martial law
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military rule
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Mkhail Gorbachev
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leader of the soviet union from from 1985- 1991
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Nelson Mandala
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Leader of the African National Congress whpo was imprsoned
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peristroika
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Gorbachev's policy aimed at reforming the soviet economy
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Politburo
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Ruling comitee of the communist party
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PRI
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Instutional Revolutionary Party, which has controlled Mexico for most of the century
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Recession
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Decrese in the size of the economy
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Reunification
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Uniting of east and west germany into one nation
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"shock therapy"
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Yeltsins plan for changing the soviet economy
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Solidarity
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Polish workers movement
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standard of living
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Quality of life as judge by the amount of goods people have
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Tianmen squarre
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Square in the capital of bejing; scene of a student demonstration and massacre
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Zhou Enlai
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Chinease leader who worked with President Nixon to improve US-Chinease relations
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Ahamed Ben Bella
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Leader of the FLN eho became the first president and prime minister of Algeria
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Anwar Sadat
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Eygeptian leader who signed a peace agreement with israel
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Aung San Suu Kyi
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Daughter of Aung San; winner of the nobel prize for her fight for democray in Burma
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Benazir Bhutto
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Former prime minister of Pakistan
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Camp David Accords
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Agreement in which eygept recognized israel as a nation and israel gave the sinai peninsula back to eygept
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Central Asian Republics
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The nations of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakstan, and Kyrgyzstan
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congress party
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Group consisting mostly of hindus that lead a campain for indians independence
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corazon Aquino
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Woman who defeated marcos in the elections of 1986
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Ferdinand Marcos
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Leader of the philipenes who was electeed but ruled as a dictator
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Golda Mier
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Israli prime misnister at the time of the 1973 Arab- Israeli war
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Indira Gandhi
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Daughter of Nehru who followed him as prime minister
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Intifada
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Sustained rebellion by the Palistinians
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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First Prime minister of India
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Jomo Kenyetta
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Nationalist who helped lead Kenya to independence
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Kwame Nkrumah
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Leader in the Gold Coast independence movement
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Mobuto Sese Seko
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Ruler who took control of the Congo on 1965 and renamed it Zaire
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Muhammed Ali Jinnah
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Leader of the muslim league
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Mujahhideen
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A group tha tfought against the soviet-supported goverment in Afgahnistan
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Muslim Leaggue
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Muslim group that lead a campain for India's Independence
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Negritude Movement
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African movement after ww2 to celerate african culture, heritage, and values
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Oslo Peace accords
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Agreement aimed at giving Palstiens self rule
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Partition
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Division of India into two nations
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PLO
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Palistinean Liberation Organization
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Suharto
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Leader who turned Indonesia into a police state
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Sukarno
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Leader of Indonesian independence movement; first president Indnesia
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Taliban
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A conservative Islamic group that controlled most of Afganistan from 1998 to 2001
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Transcaucasian Republics
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The nations of Armenia, Azerbajian, and Georgia
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Yasir Arafat
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Leader of the PLO
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38th parallel
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Line that separated
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Anastasio Somoza
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Nicaraguan dictator
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Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
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Muslim leader who overthrew the Shah of Iran
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brinkmanship
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Willingness on the part of the superpower to go the brink ,or edge, of war
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Cold War
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State of tension and mistrust between teh US and the soviet union after WW2
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commune
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Large farm setup in China in which many famiies wirk the land and live together
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containement
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Policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism
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Cultural Reveloution
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Uprising in China between 1966 and 1976 that aimed to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal
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Daniel Ortega
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Leader of communist rebels in Nicaragua
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detente
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policy to decrese tensions between the superpowers
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domino theory
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Theory that nations were like a row of dominoes; if one fell to communism, the others would too
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Douglas Macarthur
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Leader of UN forces during the korean war
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Fidel Castro
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Communist leader of cuba
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Vietnamization
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Nixon's plan for grdually withdrawing US troops from Vietnam and replacing them with South Vietnamese troops
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Ho Chi Minh
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Vietnamese nationalist who drove the french out of vietnam and who led north vietnam
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Iron Curtain
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Divisions between Eastern and Western Europe during the cold war
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Jiang Jieshi
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Nationalist leader who set up a new government in Taiwan
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John F Kennedy
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President of the us from 1961 to 1963
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Khemer Rouge
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Communist rebels who set up a brutal goverment in china
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Leonid Brezhnev
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Soviet leader after Krushchev
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Lyndon Johnson
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President of the US from 1963 to 1969
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Mao Zedong
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Communist leader who defeated the nationalists and led the Peoples Republic of china
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Marshall Plan
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Plan to give aid to European countries to help them recover from the war
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NATO
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Military alliance including the US, Canada and several countries in Western Europe
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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Leader of the anticommunist goverment of south veitnam
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Nikita Krushev
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Leader of the Sviet Union after Stalin
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nonaligned nations
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countries that did not take sides with either the US or the Soviet Union
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Red Guards
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Young Chinese students who carried out the cultural reveloution
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Richard M. Nixon
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President of the US from 1969 to 1974
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Ronald Reagan
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President of the US from 1981 to 1989
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SALT
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Talks to limit nuclear arms in the US and the Soviet UNion
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Third World
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Develping nations in Africa, Asia and Latin America
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Truman Doctrine
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Policy of giving aid to countries threatened by communism
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United Nations
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World Organization formed to prevent war
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Veitcong
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Communist rebels in South Veitnam who were spported by North Veitnam
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Veitnamization
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Nixons plan for gradually withdrawing US troops from Vietnam and replacing them with South Vietnamese troops
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Warsaw Pact
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Military alliance between the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe
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Aryans
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Germanic Peoples
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Atlantic charter
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Declaration of the principles issued by Winston Churchill and Franklin D Roosevelt in August 1941
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Battle of Britain
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Battle of British and german airforces fought over Britain during 1940-1941
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Battle of Guadalcanal
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6 month battle on the island of Guadacanal in which American and Austrailian troops defeated Japanese defenders
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Battle of Midway
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Sea and air battle in which American forces defeated Japanese forces near Midway island in the pacific
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Battle of Stalingrad
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Battle during which the red army forced the Germans out of Stalingrad
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Battle of Bulge
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Final large-scale attack by the German troops that was forced back by the allies
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blitzkreg
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Warfare in which suprise air attacks are followed by massive attacks on land
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Charles De Gaulle
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Leader of the French goverment-in-exile
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D-Day
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Huge Allied invasion mounted to retake France from the Germans
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demilitarization
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Breaking down armed forces
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democrazation
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Process of creating a goverment elected by the people
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Douglas MacArthur
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US general who cammanded Allied forces in the Pacific
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Dwight D Eisenhower
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American general who helped drive the Germans out of Africa
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Erwin Ronmmel
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German General who led the troops in North Africa
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"final solution"
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Hitlers plan to kill as many jews as possible
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geneocide
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Systematic killings of an entire people
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ghettos
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Neighborhoods in which European Jews were forced to live
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Holocaust
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Systematic mass killings of the Jews and other groups considered inferior by the Nazis
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Isoroku Yamamoto
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Japanese admiral who decided that the US fleet in Hawaii had to be destroyed
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kamikazee
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Japanese suicide pilots
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Kristallnacht
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"Night of Broken Glass," when nazis attacke Jews throughout Germany
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nonagression pact
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Agreeement that says coutries will not attack or invade one another
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Nuremberg trials
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Trials of Nazis leaders charged with crimes against humanity held in Nuremberg Germany
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Pearl Harbor
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Navy Base in Hawaii attacked by the Japanese
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Winston Churchill
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Leader of Britain
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Adolf Hitler
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Fascist leader of germany
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Albert Einstien
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Scientist who developed the theory of relativity
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appeasment
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giving in too keep the peace
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Itlay and Japan
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Benito Mussolini
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Fascist leader of Italy
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Charles Lindbergh
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First person to fly alone across the Atlantic
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coalition goverment
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Temporary alliance of several political parties
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existentialism
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Philosophy that says each person must make meaning in the world taht has no universal meaning
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Francisco Franco
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Spains Fascist dictator
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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President of the US during the depression
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Friedrich Nietzsche
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German philosopher who dismissioned reason, democracy, and progress as empty ideas
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Great Depression
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Severe ecomnomic downturn that followed the collapse of the US stock market in 1929S
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isolationism
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Belief that political with other countries should be avoided
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jazz
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livley, lose form of popular music developed in the US
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lebensraum
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Living space
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Mein Kampf
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Book by Hitler outlining his beliefs and goals for germany
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Munich Conference
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Meeting of world powers in 1938 that allowed Hitler to rake part of Czechoslavakia
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Nazism
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German brand of fascism
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New Deal
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Roosevelts program for creating jobs and improvng the American economy nationalism that gives power to a dictator and takes away individual rights
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Sigmund Freud
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Physician who exposed the workings of unconsious mind
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surrealism
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Art movement in which a dreamlike world, outside of reality, is portrayed or evoked
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theory of relativity
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Idea that as moving objects approach the speed of light, space and time become relative
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Third Reich
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German empire
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Weimar Republic
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Govermant of Germay after WW1
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Amristar Massacre
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The slaughter of the Indians by the British
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Bolsheviks
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Group of reveloutionaries led by Lenin
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civil disobediance
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Disobeying the law for the purpose of achieving some higher goal
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collective farm
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Large, goverment owned farm
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command economy
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Economy in which the goverment makes all the economic decisions
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Communist party
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A political party practicing the ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin
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Five year plans
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Plans to develop the Soviet Union's economy
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Great Purge
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Arrest, exile, or killing of thousands od suspected enemies of the communist party
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Jiang Jieshi
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Leader of Chinease nationalist party
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Joseph Stalin
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Reveloutionary leader who took control of the communist party after Lenin
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Kuomintang
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Nationalist party of china that overthrew the Quing dynasty
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Lenin
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leader of the bolsheviks anf first ruler of the Soviet Union
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Long March
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Escape of the communists to safety after being surrounded by nationalist forces
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Mao Zedong
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Leader of the Commnist revolution in China
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May Fourth movement
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Chinease nationalist protest against chinas fate as decided by the treaty of Verasailles
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Mohandas K Ghandi
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Leader of the Movement fot Indian independence form Britain
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Mustafa Kemal
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Leader of Turkish nationalists who overthrew the last ottoman sultan
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proletariat
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the workers
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Provisional goverment
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Temporary goverment lead by Alexander Kerensky
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Rasputin
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Eccentric monk assasinated because of his corrupt influence in the russian royal family
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Rowlatt Acts
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Laws to prevent Indians from protesting British actions
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Salt March
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A march to the sea to protest British salt tax
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soviet
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Local governing council
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Sun Yixian
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One of the first leaders of the Kuomontang, "father of modern China"
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totalitarianism
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Goverment that has total control over people's lives
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Allies
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Great Britain, France, Russia, and other natioans who fought on their side
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armistice
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Agreement to stop fighting
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Central Powers
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Germany, Austria- Hungary, and other nations who fought on their side
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Eastern Front
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Region along German-Russian border where much fighting took place
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Fourteen Points
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Plan for a just and lasting peace
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Georges Clemenceau
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France's premier and delegate at Verasailles
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Kaiser Wilhem 2
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Emperor of Germany
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League of nations
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International group with the goal of keeping peace among nations
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militarism
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Glorifying war and preparing for it
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propaganda
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One sided information designed to persuade
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rationing
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Control of the amounts and kinds of foods people can have
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Schleffin Plan
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Germanys plan for winning the war on two fronts
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self-determination
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Allowing people to decide for themselves about what kind of government they want
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total war
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War in which countries use all thier resorces for war
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Treaty of Versailles
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Agreement at the end of WW1 between Germany and the Allied powers
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trench warfare
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Fighting from treches dug in the battlefield
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Triple alliance
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Military agreement between germany, austria-hungary, and italy
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Triple Entente
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Military agreement among Britain, France, and Russia
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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Using submarines to sink any ship without warning
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Western Front
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Region of northern Frnace where much fighting took place
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Woodrow Wilson
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President who proposed the Fourteen points and represented the US at Verasailles
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annexation
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adding of territory
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Antonio Lopez de santa anna
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Leader on Mexios fight for independence
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Beninto Juarez
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Leader of La Reforma
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Boxer Rebellion
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Rebellion aimed at ending foriegn influence in China
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coudillo
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Military dictator
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Emiliano Zapata
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Leader of a powerful reveloutionary army
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extraterritorial rights
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rights of foriegn residents to follow the laws of thier own goverment rather than those of the host country
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Francisco Madera
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Enemy of Diaz who believed in democracy
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Jose Marti
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Cuban writer who fought for Cuban independence
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La Reforma
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Movement in Mexico aimed at achieving land reform, better education, and other goals
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Meiji era
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Period of rule by Emperor Mutsuhito from 1867 to 1912
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Monroe dictorine
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U.S statement of opposition to European influence in the Americas
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Open Door Policy
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Policy proposed by the US goving all nations equal oppurtunities to trade with China
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Opium War
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War between Britain and China over opium trade
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Panama Canal
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Man-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
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"Pancho" villa
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Popilar leader of the Mexican revolution
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Porfiro Diaz
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Dictator who come to power after Juarez
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Roosevelt Corollary
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Statement that the US had the right to exercise "Police power" in the Western Hemishpere
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Russo-japanese war
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War between Russia and Japan fought in 1904
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Spanish- American war
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War fought between the US and Spain in 1898, in which the Americans supported Cuban fight for indepenence
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sphere influence
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area in which a foriegn nation controls trade and investment
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Taiping Rebellion
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Rebellion against the Quing dynasty
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Treaty of Kanagawa
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Treaty between the US and Japan opening trade between the two nations
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Assimilation
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Absorbing colonized people into the culture of the imperialist nation
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Berlin Conference
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Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa
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Boer
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Dutch colonist in South Africa
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Boer War
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War between the British and the Boers
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Crimean war
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COnflict in which the ottoman empire halted russian expansion near the black sea
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Emilo Aguinaldo
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Leader of Filipino nationalists
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geopolitics
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Interest in or taking of land for its location or products
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imperialism
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control by a strong nation over a weaker nation
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"jewel in the crown"
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Term referring to India as the most valuable of all britains colonies
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King Mingkut
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King who helped Siam modernize
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Menelik 2
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Leader of Etheopian resistance
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Pacific rim
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Southeast asian mainland and islad along the rim of the pacific ocean
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paternalism
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Governing in a "parental" way by providing for needs but not giving rights
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Queen Liliuokalani
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Last hawain ruler of hawaii
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racism
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Belief that one race is superior to others
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Raj
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British rule over India from 1757 to 1947
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sepoy
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Indian soldier under British command
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Sepoy mutiny
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Uprising of Indian Soldiers against the British
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Shaka
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Zulu chief who created a large centralized state
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Social Darwinism
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Use of Charles Darwin's ideas about evoloution to explain human societies
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Suez canal
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Human-made waterway connecting the Red and mediteranian seas
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