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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rene Descartes
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1600s
France I think therefore I am Discourse on method emphasis on reason All we can know for certain is that we exist as thinking beings rationalism ideas spread to Newton, Bacon |
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First Principle
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the basic starting point for a set of philosophical ideas
Descartes- Cartesian doubt doubt everything until left with undubitable truths |
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Tabula Rasa
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1690
Locke England the mind is a blank slate a birth with no innate ideas education is important |
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Thirty Years War
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1618-1648
fought mainly in Germany included most of Europe started because Protestants and Catholics couldn't get along formed sovereignties in HRE, Habsburgs in clearer control gave power to catholics |
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Peace of Westphalia
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1648
recognized certain political realities in Europe Germany recognized Switzerland and Netherlands as independent did not lead to lasting peace did not include France and Spain |
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Absolutism
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17th century resurgence
total power of kings France most successful Louis XIII,XIV, XVI L'etat, c'est moi. Divine right other rulers tried. caused french revolution |
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constitutional monarchy
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elected or hereditary monarch legally bound to constitution
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Interregnum
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1642-1660
time between Charles I and Charles II England Oliver Cromwell took over problems with absolutist government/religion |
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glorious revolution
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1688
England Mary and William become leaders give up a lot of power overthrow James II, put William on throne |
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Oliver Cromwell
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1599-1658
England Puritan not satisfied with Church of England overthrows Charles I wants to arbitrate morality formed interregnum |
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State of nature
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no government
everyone is equal |
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body politic
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every member of community gave up authority, gave to body politic
majority rules a state or one of its subordinate civil authorities |
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political liberty
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one's freedom to exercise one's rights as guaranteed under the laws of the country
absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coersion |
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checks and balances
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separation of powers
montesquieu model for democratic states |
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social compact
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social contracts made with governments for protection of property
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Liberty vs. equality
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liberty: a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has the ability to act according to their own will
equality: a political doctrine that holds all people should be treated as equals |
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sovereignty
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the exclusive right to have control over an area of governance, people, or oneself
the supreme lawmaking authority |
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benevolent despotism
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when leaders embraced ideas of the enlightenment, especially rationality
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pietism
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late 17th cent
Germany Inner spirit moves us, intense connection to God want to remain within churches |
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quietism
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france, italy, spain
17th cent believed possible to lose soul to God mystical connection mass bad because takes you away from thinking about God arrested leader, kept under arrest |
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synod of dort
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1631
Netherlands decide to allow toleration of Armenians need to unite to win 30 years war |
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toleration act 1689
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England
allowed dissenters to have their own churched not Catholics |
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puritans
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spiritualists
16th-17th cent biggest problem with CofE was practice no formal mass needed to purify church pushed through some reforms in England |
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Quakers
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17th cent
meeting houses quiet Crown of Eng sees them as seditious wont take oaths, pay tithes, take orders cant hold govt positions, go to university, have churches |
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methodists
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John Wesley
18th cent |
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Jansenists
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France
1600s Priest Jansen wanted lay people to participate in mass condemned by pope were reaction to Jesuits |
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polders
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Netherlands
fields of cultivatable land connected to water through operated devices canals build dikes and canals and use windmills to pump water off ground produces 50-175% more than avg Eur land use crop rotation |
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enclosure system
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commons taken and spread among people, with produced products taken by owner
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Jethro Tull
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seed drill
rudimentary tractor |
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Thomas Newcomen
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Steam engines
for mining company to get water out of mines |
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physiocrats
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people who believed that the wealth of a nation depended on that produced by the land/ value of land
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Dutch East India Co
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first multinational company
first co to issue stock had territories could wage war coin money make treaties |
