Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
420 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the left of the political spectrum? What is the far left? |
liberal radical |
|
|
What is the right of the political spectrum? What is the far right? |
conservative reactionary |
|
|
Where did Neoclassical Art start> |
Paris |
|
|
What did the Neoclassical Art focus on? |
Reason and Storytelling |
|
|
Characteristics of Neoclassical Art? |
-resembles Greek or Roman -Political Artwork/Propaganda |
|
|
Famous artists of neoclassical period |
David, Goya Canova |
|
|
Famous Architect of Neoclassical Period |
Thomas Jefferson |
|
|
Famous musicians of neoclassical period |
beethoven and tchaikovsky |
|
|
J.L. David |
most famous for Coronation of Napoleon |
|
|
Who's crown did Napoleon use? |
Charlemagne's |
|
|
Who crowned Napoleon? |
He crowned himself |
|
|
What does Josephine do when Napoleon goes to Egypt? What does Napoleon do about it? |
She commits adultry. Napoleon does nothing until he's emperor, then he kicks her out and marries Marie Antoinette's neice |
|
|
What did Napoleon cross the Alps on? |
A donkey |
|
|
Who does Napoleon put in charge after he conquers Spain? |
His brother |
|
|
What does Spain do about Napoleon's brother being in charge? |
-rebel -Penninsula Wars |
|
|
What kind of warfare dd the spanish use? |
Geurilla Warfare |
|
|
What happens to create Spanish nationalism?
|
Spanish attack the french and the french get mad, the french go into a town and shoot every 10th person. Spain hates french which creates Nationalism
|
|
|
Most famous neoclassical architectural thing? |
Arc of Triumph, Napoleon built it to march through it when he won, but it wasn't finished until after he was dead. Hitler's army was first to march through it |
|
|
What did the Vendom Column show? |
Napoleon's greatest victory at Austeriltz the column was made out of artillery pieces |
|
|
Who discovered the Rosetta stone? |
Napoleon's men |
|
|
What is Napoleon's nickname? |
Little Corporal or Corsican |
|
|
Where was Napoleon born? |
Corsica |
|
|
Who controlled Corsica before France? |
Italy |
|
|
What was the independence movement in Corsica the Bonaparte's supported at first? |
Paoli Independence Movement |
|
|
Napoleon's first wife was Josephine. Why did he divorce her? |
She was old and ugly and couldn't give him a son |
|
|
Who did Napoleon marry after Josephine? |
Marie Louise |
|
|
Napoleon's son, Napoleon II did what? |
he was king of Rome for the short period he was alive |
|
|
Napoleon's brother Joseph was... |
king of Spain, after Napoleon Wars |
|
|
Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte was... |
King of Holland, though he later fled |
|
|
Napoleon's sister Pauline was... |
married to general in charge of Haiti, though after his death she married Borghese *only one who visited Napoleon on Elba |
|
|
Napoleon's sister Caroline was... |
the Queen of Naples |
|
|
What was Napoleon the first person to do military wise? |
He was the first person to combine ideas of the enlightenment with military -mastered concept of divide and conquer -reorganized army using merit |
|
|
Where did Napoleon make his fame? |
Toulon |
|
|
What was Napoleon's greatest victory? |
Austerlitz |
|
|
What was Napoleon's worst defeat? |
Russia or Waterloo |
|
|
What is the biggest battle of the Napoleonic wars? |
Waterloo |
|
|
What were Napoleon's achievements? |
-Napoleonic Code of Law -Concordat with Pope -ended feudalism in most of Europe -broke up Holy Roman Empire -completed infrastructure project in France -reorganized education -established bank of france |
|
|
What is nepotism? |
favoring relatives and family members by giving them positions of power |
|
|
Did Napoleon believe in nepotism? |
Yes |
|
|
What did Napoleon sell to the United States? |
Louisiana Territory |
|
|
What did Napoleon struggle with in Spain? |
Guerrilla Warfare |
|
|
What were Napoleon's problems in Haiti? |
Slave Revolt-Napoleon tried to bring slaves back to Haiti but revolting slaves burnt crops in retaliation owners burnt food and left |
|
|
What is the burial place of Napoleon in Paris? |
Les Invalides |
|
|
What was the Battle of Tragfalgar? |
naval battle off the coast of Spain most famous naval battle |
|
|
What was Napoleon's thoughts on having control of the seas? |
if he had control of the seas he could invade Engand |
|
|
Who was the most famous general in the Battle of Tragfalgar? |
Admiral Horatio Nelson |
|
|
What was Admiral Horatio Nelson's major advancement? |
crossing the T; a style of naval fighting |
|
|
Who said: "England expects every man to do his duty"? |
Admiral Horatio Nelson |
|
|
What was Admiral Horatio Nelson's ship? |
HMS Victory |
|
|
When does Admiral Horatio Nelson die? |
After learning that England was victorious in the Battle of Tragfalgar |
|
|
What did England's victory in the Battle of Tragfalgar prevent Napoleon from doing? |
Invading England |
|
|
Who did Napoleon defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz? How? |
Russia and Austria He used method of divide and conquer |
|
|
What was the Continental System? |
Napoleon created it and said no one could trade with England. This caused Russia to suffer, and Russia traded with England anyway |
|
|
Why does Napoleon take his grand armee to Russia? |
to teach Russia a lesson NOT to invade |
|
|
What trouble did Napoleon have with Russia? |
-couldn't get supplies there for his army -Russians kept retreating, luring his army in -they reach Moscow and burn it, but winter is coming & Napoleon's screwed |
|
|
Scorched Earth Policy |
burning everything as an army retreats |
|
|
What was the major battle when Napoleon's army went to Russia? (remember:not to invade!) |
Battle of Borodino |
|
|
Who won the Battle of Borodino? |
French |
|
|
What czar burned Moscow and defeated Napoleon? |
Czar Alexander I |
|
|
What was Napoleon's biggest blow? |
Russian Campaign |
|
|
Ecole militaire |
military school where napoleon went |
|
|
Pasuale Paoli |
corsican patriot and leader that inspired napoleon to be in the military |
|
|
Siege of Toulon |
battle in which France recaptured Toulon from Britain (& Napoleon made claim to fame) |
|
|
The Directory |
the gorvernment of France after the French revolution that Napoleon had to fight against |
|
|
"Whiff of Grapeshot" |
a quote supposedly said by Napoleon when he repulsed a royalist mob in streets of Paris (never said it) |
|
|
Legion d'Honneur |
highest decoration in France it was established by napoleon |
|
|
Invasion of Egypt |
France invaded Egypt though they brought not only soldiers but also scientists to study the land |
|
|
Battle of the Pyramids |
major battle during french invasion of egypt, french won |
|
|
Who were the mameluks |
ruled egypt |
|
|
Battle of the Nile |
major naval battle fought between British and French navy's
|
|
|
Jean-Francois Champollion |
french scholar that deciphered hieroglyphis |
|
|
Coup d'etat |
sudden attempt by a small group of people o take over the goverment, usually through an act of violence |
|
|
consul |
an official appointed by a government to live in a forgein city and protect and promote governments citizens and interests there |
|
|
Plebiscite |
direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in constitution |
|
|
La Marseillaise |
french national anthem |
|
|
Where did Napoleon's Coronation take place? |
Notre-Dame |
|
|
Chateau de Malmaison |
former residence of Josephine de Beauharnais and was temporary headquarters of French government |
|
|
Palace of Fontainebleau |
residence of Napoleon and also where he renounced his throne |
|
|
Concordat of 1801 |
agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII that made Roman Catholic Church the church of france |
|
|
Toussaint L'Overture |
leader of Haitian revolt |
|
|
What was Toussaint L'Overture's nickname? |
black napoleon |
|
|
Sir Arthur Wellesley |
british general who fought against Napoleon and defeated hima t Waterloo |
|
|
The Peninsular War |
military conflit between First French Empire and allied Spain, Britain, and Portugal forces |
|
|
What battle was the single deadliest day of the Napoleonic wars? |
Battle of Borodino |
|
|
Battle of Leipzig |
Rssian, Prussian, Austrian, and Swedish armies defeat Napoleon |
|
|
Where was Napoleon exiled the first time? |
Elba |
|
|
Louis XVIII |
"the desired", ruled France after Napoleon except for the 100 Days period |
|
|
Congress of Vienna |
meeting of ambassadors from European countries whose goal was peace |
|
|
The Hundred Days |
when Napoleon returned from exile and ruled France |
|
|
What was Napoleon's last battle? |
Battle of Waterloo |
|
|
Where was Napoleon exiled the second time? |
St. Helena |
|
|
Who was in charge of the congress of vienna? |
Klemens Metternich |
|
|
When was the congress of vienna? |
1814-1815 |
|
|
What was the outcome of the congress of vienna? |
borders and land ownership was established in the Final Act |
|
|
What did the Austro-Hungarian empire control? |
Austria, Hungary, and central Europe |
|
|
What was the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire? |
Vienna |
|
|
Who ruled the Austro-Hungarian Empire? |
Hapsburgs |
|
|
What were the Hapsburgs big supporters of? |
Moors courses and horse training |
|
|
In the 1800s what was Vienna? |
culture capital of the world |
|
|
What does rathus mean? |
German for city hall |
|
|
Ring Road/Ring Strauss |
Vienna was enclosed by walls and the walls were torn down and buildings were built*it was the first urban renewal project |
|
|
Charles X |
brother of Louis XVIII-conservative, reactionary-ruled for 6 years-captured Algeria-abdicated throne because of revolution of 1830 |
|
|
Revolution of 1830 |
set of liberal revolutions in 1830s |
|
|
Louis Philippe |
-radical-citizen king-last king of France, ruled until 1848-revolution in 1842 was famous revolution against him |
|
|
Revolution of 1848 |
liberal revolutions throughout Europe but especially France |
|
|
What two years were there revolutions throughout France and Europe? |
1830 and 1848 |
|
|
Napoleon III |
-elected president, made emperor -gave France 20 years peace -public works project -Crimean War -tried to colonize Mexico, leads to Mexico War, Mexico wins -accidentally unites Germany |
|
|
Paris Commune |
-government that tried to take over -only ruled Paris -extremely liberal, almost radical |
|
|
Dreyfus Affair |
Dreyfus ~ jewish military officer -arrested for spying -put on trial found guilty -French military was prejudiced, made up all evidence against him -divided France -major anti-semetic event |
|
|
Tocqueville |
went to America and journaled, he published his book and everyone thought America was a great place |
|
|
Dumas |
wrote The Count of Monte Christo and The Three Musketeers |
|
|
Victor Hugo |
wrote Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Les Miserableshis book saved Notre-Dame |
|
|
Haussmann |
-ordered by Napoleon III to modernize Paris -widened streets and boulevards -regulations imposed on facades -sewers, water works, public parks, public monuments-redid 60% of Paris -kicked out poor people so they couldn't revolt -Paris the most beautiful place in the world |
|
|
What were the basic themes of 1800s? |
-Nationalism -Class Struggle (Wealthy vs Poor) -Industrialization (Growth of cities) |
|
|
Characteristics of Romantic Period |
-Nature -Nationalism -Dream-like |
|
|
Who was Gaudi? |
-Famous Architect -nicknamed God's Architect -lived in Barcelona -masterpiece: Sagrada Familia |
|
|
Delacroix |
-famous artist -painted Liberty Leading people ~ story of revolution of 1830 ~ Nationalism |
|
|
Rodin |
most famous sculptor |
|
|
Who ordered the Paris Opera House? |
Napoleon III, Gardiner built it, baroque style |
|
|
What did Gustave Eiffel build? |
-bridges -inside of statue of liberty -Eiffel Tower (stole the idea from his assistants) |
|
|
Sacre Couer |
giant church meant to look Medival |
|
|
What was the area around the Sacre Couer called? |
montmartre |
|
|
What was the area of South Germany known as? What was it's king's name? What did the king do? |
1. Bauarian 2. Mad King Ludwig 3. Built a castle because he dreamed of being a knight |
|
|
What was the region around Barcelona known as? |
Catalonia |
|
|
Who was Karl Marx? |
-focused on class struggle Major works: -Das Kapital -Communist Manifesto -he believed that throughout history there's class struggle |
|
|
Class Struggle in the 1800s? Karl Marx belief of what would happen? |
-factory workers vs. factory owners -believed factory workers would rise up and create communism -thought all people created equal, and should only take what they need -create a Utopia |
|
|
What color do people who relate to Marx wear?What is a Communist Holiday? |
-red -Mayday |
|
|
"Workers of the world unite" |
Karl Marx |
|
|
"Religion is the opium of the people" |
Karl Marx |
|
|
Bourgeoisie |
factory owners |
|
|
Proletariat |
factory workers |
|
|
Who was it believed would be the first communist nations? |
Germany or Britain |
|
|
Who was actually the first nations to turn to communism? |
USSR (Russia), China, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnam -all were Agrerarian (farming) Societies |
|
|
Sigmund Freud |
-studied the mind -believed everything revolved around sex-interpreted dreams -Oedipus Complex - believed for very short period when small boys hate dad and fall in love with mom (opposite happens for girls) -Psychoanalysis ~ people want to talk about what's bothering them -first modern pschiatrist |
|
|
Freudian slip |
when subconcious mind keeps running and thoughts slip out |
|
|
Repression |
keeping of unacceptable ideas from conciousness i.e. in unconcious |
|
|
Charles Darwin |
works: -The Descent of men -the origin of species -study of evolution (survival of the fittest) -studied on HMS Beagle in Galapagos Islands |
|
|
Social Darwinism |
-people put darwin's theory into people and business rich = smart, special, good poor = stupid, bad, lazy -this merged with nationalism and ended with racism |
|
|
Heinrich Schliemann |
-loved Illiad and Oddessy -studied Troy -went to Turkey to dig -found Troy -found Mask of Agamemnon |
|
|
Sir Arthur Evans |
-british archaelogist who excavated the ruins of ancient city of Knossos in crete -found minotaurs palace -discovered Minoan Society |
|
|
Riorgimento |
resurgence |
|
|
When did Italy become a unified nation? |
1861 |
|
|
Guiseppe Mazzini |
-nationalist writer -formed a group called Young Italy |
|
|
Count Camillo Cavour |
-politician -unified all North Italy through politics |
|
|
Garibalidi |
-George Washington of Italy -kicked out of Europe in 1848 -becomes hero in Latin America-goes to Italy gets kicked out again -makes Candles in U.S -comes back |
|
|
Who led The Thousand (or Red Shirts)? |
Garibalidi |
|
|
What happens when The Thousand go to Sicily? |
win battle, end up conquering all of Southern Italy |
|
|
What was The Handshake at Teano? |
Garibaldi gives South Italy to Victor Emmanuel |
|
|
Who was Victor Emmanuel? |
First king of united Italy |
|
|
Zollverein |
group of German states fomed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories |
|
|
Chancellor |
senior state or legal official of Germany |
|
|
Realpolitik |
politics or diplomacy of Germany |
|
|
Annex |
to add |
|
|
Kaiser |
King of Germany |
|
|
Reich |
german word meaning empire |
|
|
Otto von Bismark |
-politician -first chancellor -also known as Iron Chancellor |
|
|
EMS Dispatch |
made France declare the Franco-Prussian War |
|
|
Blood and Iron |
famous speech by Otto von Bismark-about building infastructure and military |
|
|
Junkers |
German nobles |
|
|
Seven Weeks War |
Austro-Prussian War |
|
|
August Thyssen |
steel producer |
|
|
Krupp Family |
famous for building weapons |
|
|
Kulturkampf |
policies to reduce power of Catholic Church in Prussia -germanization of Germany |
|
|
Richard Wagner |
composer |
|
|
Bavaria |
Southern part of Germany famous for culture and beauty |
|
|
Capital of Bavaria |
Munich |
|
|
Capital of Prussia |
Berlin |
|
|
Prussia |
Northern Germany famous for military |
|
|
In 1800s Prussia wanted to expand, what were the steps to unification? |
1. remove trade restrictions 2. build up industry (Krupp/Thyssen) 3. Fight Denmark-picked b/c knew they could win 4. Fight Austria (7 Weeks War) 5. Fight France (Franco-Prussian War) |
|
|
Why did Prussia fight Austria? |
Germany was to be unified under either Prussia or Austria, they defeated Austria in 7 weeks |
|
|
Why did Prussia fight France? |
-They needed to unify all the little states -Bismark needed an excuse to start war, -takes EMS Dispatch, edits it, and leaks it to French newspapers -French declares war and Bismark unifies states |
|
|
How did Germans invade France? |
Through Belgium -france was them defeated by combined German forces |
|
|
What does Bismark do at Versailles? |
holds a meeting saying the states should unite |
|
|
Cabora: Italy: ____ : Prussia |
Bismark |
|
|
Where did the first German Kaiser coronation take place? |
Hall of Mirrors in Versailles |
|
|
Who was the first German Kaiser?Who actually ran Germany? |
-William I -Bismark |
|
|
What did Bismark believe in? |
Realpolitik believed in whatevers best for right now |
|
|
Queen Victoria |
-House of Hanover |
|
|
Victorian Age |
1800s |
|
|
Queen Victoria was the first british monarch to... |
-get her picture taken -her voice recorded |
|
|
who was queen victoria married to? |
Albert |
|
|
What was Queen Victoria known as and why? |
she was known as the grandmother of europe because many of her children and grandchildren married someone in europe |
|
|
Albert, Queen Victoria's husband loved technology and did what? |
Built the Crystal Palace to show case all of it, but the building caught fire |
|
|
What happened when Queen Victoria's husband died? |
She went into mourning for the rest of her life, and handed power over to the prime minister, shows the power beginning to go to parliament |
|
|
How was Britain in the 1800s? |
very conservativerules and regulationsstructured and organized timereached zeneath of empire |
|
|
Australia |
-colony of great britian -discovered 1770 by Captain Cook -Prisoners sent there from 1788-1860's |
|
|
Why was Victoria seen as important and good everywhere except Ireland? |
irish potato famine |
|
|
Ireland: |
-rural/peasant farms -one of poorest nations in West europe -7 million tons of potatoes grown each year |
|
|
What kind of economy was Ireland? |
Single crop economy |
|
|
When did the Irish potato famine start and end? |
start: 1845 end: 1849 |
|
|
What happened with the potatoes? |
Infected by insects (phyophthara infestans) if you ate infected potato you got dysonphery |
|
|
What was the british approach to the potato famine? |
laissez-fair |
|
|
What did 2 million irish people do? |
left the country in coffin ships headed for U.S. |
|
|
why were they called coffin ships? |
because so many people died on them 1 million died |
|
|
Why was the potato such a big deal? |
-thrives -easy -lasts a long time |
|
|
why did the u.s. hate irish? |
thought of them as drunk monkeys unsophisticated catholic |
|
|
Horizontal monopoly |
own all of a type of compnay in an area ex: own all gas stations in lower providence |
|
|
vertical monopoly |
own everything from raw material to finished product ex: juice company. own trees, railroad, factory for squeezing, bottle and label companies |
|
|
Luddite |
person anti-industrial revolution some so much so that they attacked factories |
|
|
why did city population skyrocket in 1800s? |
where industrialization takes place, so does urbanization |
|
|
why was having the town owned by the factory owner a bad thing? |
factory owner owned everything, from apartments to grocery stores, to doctors and raised prices knowing their workers wages, leaving workers to fall in debt and either go to debtor's prison or remain basically a slave to the factory owner |
|
|
Who performed many of the coal mining jobs? |
children |
|
|
what happened to women during industrialization? |
they began to move to work in factories -no longer worked with their spouse -no time for children -hazard working conditions -paid less |
|
|
Suffrage |
the right to vote in political elections |
|
|
where did industrialization start/ |
london, england |
|
|
enclosure act |
losed small fields and pushed out small farmers |
|
|
how were factory conditions? |
-terrible-hazardous conditions -low wages (women paid even less) -treated unfairly |
|
|
what happens in urbanization? how are cities? |
-people move from farms to cities to work in factories -cities are bad, a lot of crime |
|
|
Factories needed more supplies, like cotton where did they look and what happened? |
they looked to middle east. the ottoman turk empire was dying and countries tried to take over |
|
|
Austrians got what part of the Ottoman turk empire? |
Bosnia |
|
|
Why was there a war fought over crimea? |
-it was the most important area, it had the best warm ports |
|
|
What does industrilization lead to? |
imperialism ~ colonization |
|
|
What did the Europeans learn about the Middle east and where did they go next? |
they learned it had no supplies and turned to Africa |
|
|
what happened with Africa? |
there was a scramble for Africa between britain, france, and belgium mostly |
|
|
What land did France get/ |
they got the most amount of land, but it had no raw resources |
|
|
What land did Britain get? |
got the most valuable land, with the diamond and gold mines |
|
|
what happened with the englishman rhodes? |
he bought land from a farmer, the land turned out to be the largest diamond supply |
|
|
what land did belgium get? |
center of Africa, where they found rubber trees -they had workers harvesting rubber, treated poorly -congo is the site of the first genocide in modern history |
|
|
Where did european countries look after Africa and what did they find? |
India, they found tons of raw materials; cotton, spices, opium |
|
|
What is india called? |
"jewel of british empire" |
|
|
where did the europeans move after india? |
Asia |
|
|
everyone wanted china, why? |
the markets, they had silk and tea but the europeans had nothing to trade |
|
|
what did the europeans do so they could trade with China? |
began growing opium |
|
|
what did traders feel they needed to go whereever they went? |
felt they needed to give back,gave Christianity and Civilization |
|
|
What did giving the people they traded with Christianity and Civilization eventually lead to? |
-nationalism -revolts |
|
|
Causes of Imperialism? |
-search for markets or raw materials -missionaries -military and naval bases -idealogy |
|
|
What was the Suez Canal, why was it built? |
a canal that connects the mediterranean and the gulf of suez -it shortened the root to india by 45% |
|
|
In 1884 what was organized by Bismark? |
Berlin Conference |
|
|
What happened at Berlin Conference? |
14 European nations attended to decide how to colonize Africa |
|
|
who was Liberia controlled by at one time?what happened there? |
-U.S. -after the civil war shipped slaves back to liberia but they were viewed as "americans" and it created tension that still exists today |
|
|
What was the significance of Ethiopia? |
the only completely independent nation |
|
|
What happened when the europeans left Africa? |
it started civil wars that still exist today |
|
|
sphere of influence |
exclusive rights for a mother nation |
|
|
protectorate |
local leaders in control, puppet government |
|
|
Direct colony |
additional province to Mother nation |
|
|
Indirect rule colonies |
ruled by chiefs or locals who were westernized |
|
|
David Livingstone |
-christian missionary -"explorer" (he had guides)"discovered Victoria Falls" |
|
|
who was sent to find livingstone when he went missing for 6+ months and what was the famous quote when he found him? |
Henry stanley "Doctor Livingstone, I presume" |
|
|
Cecil Rhodes |
-founder of De Beers (diamond company) -colonial leader so important a colony was named after him Rodesia |
|
|
what did cecil rhodes do? |
-led britain in Boer War -established the Rhodes scholarship -college graduates get the oppertunity to study at Oxford for a year, one of highest academic honors |
|
|
King Leopold II of Belgium |
-1885 established the Congo Free state -largest colony owned by one man -wanted: rubber, ivory, copper |
|
|
Horror of the Congo |
10 million people died if the daily quota wasn't met, hands were chopped off |
|
|
South Africa |
settled by Dutch until Boer Wars, when Britain kicked them out |
|
|
Boer |
person of dutch ancestery |
|
|
What was the 1830's a big time for in south africa? |
expansion (like U.S. west) |
|
|
When did South Africa become an independent nation? |
1931 |
|
|
Apartheid |
1948-1993 when people were separated into whites, blacks, and colored |
|
|
Who was the most famous colored person? |
Gandi |
|
|
What was the Kimberly area famous for? |
Diamond mines also Nelson Mandela |
|
|
Nelson Mandela |
-spent most of his life in prison on Robin Island |
|
|
What was the group Nelson Mandela belonged to? |
African National Congress |
|
|
What did the African National congress want to do? |
wanted to overthrow government which made the U.S. believe he was a terrorist because they were friendly with the current government |
|
|
French Indochina |
contained: Vietnam, Laos, cambodia -major trade: food -sent Catholic missionaries |
|
|
what happens to vietnemese? |
japan invades in WWII u.s. and french promise freedom if they fight against japanese veitnemese use geurilla warefare after war, france refuses idnependence geurilla warriors then revolt france and us fight, france pulls away, us stays and thus starts vietnam war |
|
|
who was Poll Pot? |
-leader of Cambodia -reactionary, very nationalistic -wanted to go back to pre-french influence (farming communities) -murders anyone with over elementary level schooling -shots about 1/3 of population |
|
|
what did japan do in 1800s? |
closed it's doors to western civilizations |
|
|
What did the U.S. do to get Japan to trade? |
sent Mathew Perry with armed ships, and convicnes Japan to open it's doors for trade |
|
|
what happens to japan because of trading with u.s.? |
Japan sees U.S. industrialized, militarized, and nationalized and realizes it should do the same -japan invades korea b/c has no raw goods -japan makes koreans sex slaves and slaves -japan then goes to phillipines |
|
|
Rudyard Kipling |
wrote 'the white man's burden" |
|
|
John Kay |
invetned Flying shuttle |
|
|
James Hargreaves |
invented the spinning jenny |
|
|
Richard Arkwright |
invented the water frame |
|
|
George Stephenson |
invented the steam engine |
|
|
James watt |
improved the steam engine |
|
|
Abraham Darby |
invented the smelting oven |
|
|
Thomas newcomen |
first practical steam engine |
|
|
Charles townshend |
Crop rotation |
|
|
Jethro Tull |
seed drill |
|
|
John Wesley |
Methodist church |
|
|
Crimean War |
1853-1856 -fought between Russians and an alliance consisting of Ottoman Empire, Britain, and france -arose from conflict between powers of Middle east and Russian demands for protection over the orthodox subjects of the ottoman sultan |
|
|
sepoy |
indian soldiers that worked for british |
|
|
Ragge |
indian government |
|
|
sepoy mutiny |
British armed indian soldiers with guns, and rumors were spread that the guns were greased with sacred animal fats, causing the people to rebel (though they were crushed within 2 years) -the goal of rebellion was not reached, and britain seized complete control over india instead of relinquishing power |
|
|
Pro's of british in india? |
helped modernize and educate them |
|
|
Robert clive |
british general that led the british east india company to dominate india |
|
|
what two nations fought over control of india in the 7 years war? |
britain and france |
|
|
thomas malthus |
his theory was that human reproduction rate would surpase the food production rate |
|
|
capital |
money used to start a company |
|
|
where is one of the best places to grow opium? |
india |
|
|
smuggling opium is considered.... |
a capital crime (punishable by the death penalty) |
|
|
Buyer |
someone who buys products for a business |
|
|
selling stuff for a low price at first (ie opium) and then raising the price later is a good idea because.. |
people will come back, and then you can raise the price |
|
|
when supply is low price goes...? |
up |
|
|
What did the opium trade do to the chinese economy? |
it helped it at first and then it led to a trade deficit and the economy crumbled |
|
|
How did the opium war start? |
chinese government tries to confiscate british opium chests and britain says that's not right and declares war |
|
|
Who wins the Opium war? |
British |
|
|
What do the Chinese have to sign at the end of the opium war? |
treaty of nanjing |
|
|
What did the Treaty of Nanjing do? |
opened more ports, also caused the economy to crumble |
|
|
Who were the Boxers? |
hated westerners knew martial arts thought guns couldn't hurt them marked by tattoo |
|
|
Boxer rebellion |
got angry at someone |
|
|
Taiping rebellion |
biggest revolt in chinese history and causes china to crumble |
|
|
Spark of the War |
Franz Ferdinand's assasination in the city of Sarajevo |
|
|
Nicknames of WWI |
Great War, The War To End All Wars, Kaiser'sWar |
|
|
Central Powers |
Germany, Austria-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman-Turks |
|
|
Allies |
Britain, France, Russia, U.S. |
|
|
Nickname of American Soldiers |
Doughboys |
|
|
Nickname of russian Soldiers |
Reds |
|
|
Nickname of french Soldiers |
Hairy Ones |
|
|
Nickname of british Soldiers |
Tommies |
|
|
Nickname of Turkish Soldiers |
Turks or Joe Turks |
|
|
Nickname of german Soldiers |
Huns or jerries |
|
|
Leader of Germany |
Kaiser William II |
|
|
Leader of Ottoman Empire |
Attaturk |
|
|
Leader of England |
David Llyod George |
|
|
Leader of France |
Clemmon |
|
|
Leader of Russia |
Czar Nicholas II |
|
|
Leader of U.S. |
Woodrow Wilson |
|
|
Hindenburg |
-German general -fam. Battle @ Tanneburg -in charge of eastern front -Becomes president @ 80 |
|
|
Foch |
-French -Made supreme allie commander -Predicts wwii -"it's not peace it's an armistice for 20 years" |
|
|
Phillipe Petain |
-french general -Hero of Verdun -Verdun seen as pivotal -Germans wanted to kill as many french as possible -Regarded as hero until he turns traitor in wwii |
|
|
Ludenoldorff |
-german general -in charge of german army -joined nazi's @ end wwi -this created acceptance of nazi party |
|
|
Mustafa Kemal |
-Attaturk -Fam. Battle of Gallipoli -Defeated brits -Becomes president of turkey -Father of modern Turkey -industrializes, modernizes, and westernizes turkey |
|
|
Where is attaturk on political spectrum? |
Left - liberal |
|
|
Douglais Haig |
-British -battle of somme -Questionable tactics -Enemy has 100 men, he has 101=he'll win -"The Butcher " -Men were slaughtered -"the machine gun is a much underrated weapon" |
|
|
John Pershing |
-black jack -fought in spanish american war -built u.s. army -Control of u.s. forces -Source of friction between allies -Established policy, Americans never fight under any flag but american |
|
|
Oskar Potiorek |
-Austrian General -led austrian invasion into serbia -"do you think sarajevo is full of assasins?" |
|
|
Causes of WWI |
-Militarizing -Nationalism -Alliances |
|
|
What do Austrians say about Serbs? |
-Claim they're responsible for assasination -Gives serbs list of demands says accept or go to war -serbs want to negotiate, austria declares war |
|
|
Who do serbs ask for help? |
Russia |
|
|
Who does Austria ask for help? |
Germany |
|
|
What does Germany give Austria? |
blank check |
|
|
Mobilization |
To get ready for war |
|
|
How is WWI a global war? |
All countries have colonies |
|
|
How does Europe view America? |
As a backwater, U.S. isn't involved until end |
|
|
Why did the people demand war? |
Nationalism was so high, and war was viewed as romantic, ppl thought it would last 6 months and scrambled to draft |
|
|
What is WWI a transition from? |
Old to new, BUT generals are trained in old stuff |
|
|
Schlieffen Plan |
A right hook to invade france because germanydidnt want to fight a war on two fronts |
|
|
Why did Germany invade france first? |
Russia would take longer to mobilize |
|
|
Germans assumptions |
-Russians take 6 months to mobilize -france would be easily defeated in a few weeks -bgium would not resist german attack -Britain would remain neutral |
|
|
How did germans attack france? |
Through Belgium. Attack was so successful they got close to paris and looked like paris would fall b/c french forces were in alsace lorraine |
|
|
Battle of Marne |
-could argue this battle stopped germans and saved french -to get french army back they took trains and then Taxis in the Taxi Cab Rescue -french pushed Germany back to border |
|
|
French & Belgium border known as |
Western Front (Flanders are) |
|
|
Where do 70% of battles in WWI take place? |
Western Front |
|
|
Where did trenches start? |
Western Front |
|
|
Trenches |
-started simple, but became more elaborate -horrible conditions -trenches zigzag |
|
|
No Man's Land |
area between trenches |
|
|
Shell Shock |
(PTSD) from stressful trench situation |
|
|
Trench Foot |
-disease gotten from being in the wet trenches for too long |
|
|
French Plan |
Plan 17 adopted by General Foch -involved attack @ Alsace Lorraine -was never put together |
|
|
Russian Plan |
Plan 19 -attack German with two armies |
|
|
Eastern Front |
Germany vs Russia |
|
|
Battle of Tanneburg 1914 |
-most fam battle of eastern front |
|
|
Why is Battle of Tanneburg most important battle? |
Russia was going to entrap Germany between two armies BUT Russia wasn't encoding their radio messages and Germany knew the plan -also two russian generals hated each other and didn't communiate -two armies were decimated |
|
|
Who created Russians plan at Battle of Tanneburg? |
Samsonov |
|
|
What happens to Samsonov because of the failure of Tanneburg> |
he kills himself and the czar goes to the front lines |
|
|
What happes to Hindenburg because of Tanneburg? |
becomes a national hero, ship named after him, eentually becomes president |
|
|
Mustard Gas |
-invented by Germans -odorless -named b/c of mustard covered blisters that causes |
|
|
Mustard Gas Effects |
-blisters all over -damage to lungs -blindness (may be temporary) |
|
|
What happened first time brits used mustard gas? |
blew back in their faces and killed a lot of them |
|
|
Big Bertha |
-most famous -German -named after wife of Krupp family |
|
|
Big Bertha 2 |
-improved upon -also called Paris City Gun -meant to be able to shoot Parisrange:75mi -bad accuracy didn't kill many people |
|
|
Skoda |
-Austrian Gun -range: 2 mi |
|
|
Machine Gun |
important: 1 operator fire same amount as 100 soldiers -changes everything |
|
|
Flamethrowers |
-1rst used by Germans at Verdun in Feb 1915 -field tested against frenh |
|
|
Tanks |
-invented by British navy -Winston Churchill (navy general in charge) -gvt asked for land boat to cross no man's land -called water tank so no one would know what it was |
|
|
Issue with tanks: |
they broke down ALL OF THE TIME no one knew how to use them (no strategy) very slow very hot inside tank |
|
|
Mark I |
very first model tank, nicknamed Little Willy |
|
|
FT17 |
french tank |
|
|
AV7 |
German Tank |
|
|
Planes |
no one knew how to use planes at first only used for observation started adding pistols, then guns |
|
|
Manfred von Richthofen |
-most impt plane person -also known as Red Baron -responsible for 80 kills-died in dogfight, not sure who killed him |
|
|
What squadron was Red Baron in charge of? |
Flying Circus |
|
|
Flying Circus |
important ppl: Red Baron, Lothar Richthofen, Hermann Goring (became Hitler's right hand man) |
|
|
Battle of Verdun |
German Plan: kill as many people as possible Verdun: Meat Grinder France vs Germany "bleed France white" Petain vs Hindenburg 1 million casualties |
|
|
Battle of Verdun was |
longest battle of war known for it's brutality |
|
|
Battle of Somme was |
most famous battle bloodiest battle |
|
|
Battle of Somme |
first use of tanks no one won idea was to relieve french at Verdun (why they're sister battles) plan: 1 million artillery shells for 8 days/24hours british march across no man's land expeting to be victorius, germans dug dugouts, still alive british are slaughtered |
|
|
Battle of Gallipoli |
Churchill plan to knock Turkey out of war ANZAC soldiers greatest turkish victory 2/3's dead are ANZAC |
|
|
ANZAC |
Austrlia New Zealand Army Cor |
|
|
Passchendale |
greatest example of trench warefare horrorsif see poetry about trench warfare, it's probably about passendale |
|
|
Battle of Jutland Bay |
largest naval battle of war british vs germany both sides claimed victory |
|
|
Dread Knots |
World War 1 era battleships |
|
|
Famous U.S. Medal |
Congressional Medal of Honor |
|
|
Famous German Medal |
Iron Cross |
|
|
Famous British Medal |
Victorian Cross |
|
|
Famous French Medal |
Legion of Hnor |
|
|
What did the lusitania lead to |
u.s. being neutral and rooting against germany |
|
|
What does the U.S. eventually do? |
claims war on Germany (April 6 1917) |
|
|
Sussex Pledge |
thing |
|
|
George Zimmerman |
wrote Zimmerman note |
|
|
Why did the lusitania sink? |
captain turner didn't zig zag |
|
|
who deciphered the zimmerman note? |
british |
|
|
Lafayette Escadrille |
American Pilots that joined the war before U.S did fought for allies mainly france called Lafayete group 200+ americans 87 kills flew spads |
|
|
What did half of the U.S. army die from in WWI? |
The flu |
|
|
President Woodrow Wilson |
-considered one of the smartest most educated presidents -democrat -idealisti president |
|
|
Woodrow Wilson quotes |
-"The world must be made safe for democrcy" -"Only a peace between equals can last" -"the war to end all wars" |
|
|
John Persing |
one of top 5 greatest generals general of armies fam. for keeping armies together |
|
|
Sgt Alvin York |
young, drunk and violent, finds god eventually drafted into army denied religious claim goes on patrol germans firing, everyone lying on bellies,York starts shooting takes out german gunners german's think there's reenforements and surrender capture 132 germans |
|
|
When York was asked how he shot all the germans |
"squirrels have little heds, people have big heads" |
|
|
Eddie Rickenbacker |
-racecar driver -drafed into army, was a driver for Pershing -bugged people until Blly Mitchell trains him as pilot 26 kills in 3 monthsflew spad Hat in Ring Squadron |
|
|
Hindenburg Line |
German defensive line |
|
|
Billy Mitchell |
in charge of air service advocates for funding of air service predicts pearl harbor |
|
|
Treaty of Brest lovak |
ends fighting between russia and germany |
|
|
14 Points |
Woodrow Wilson's peace plan |
|
|
14 points synthesized into 3 major areas: |
End causes of war, Self Determination, and League of Nations |
|
|
Yanks in WWI |
-Belleau Wood -Argonne Forest |
|
|
Argonne Forest |
-all battelions charge german lines -one gets surrounded -"Lost Battelion" Why big deal? -> close to german supply lines german forces crumbling |
|
|
African America infantry units |
92nd and 93rd |
|
|
What happens to many African Americans after the war? |
they stay in france where they are treated better |
|
|
369th, the most famous division is from |
New York also known as Harlem Hell Fighters Corporal Freddie Stowers only A.A. in WWI to recieve congressional medal |
|
|
Spring Offensive |
Germany's last attack moves all troops to west front, puts everything into it exhausts Germany begins to look like Germans will win until run into doughboys |
|
|
Why were the americans such a challenge for germans? |
they weren't familiar wit the free fighting style of the amerians |
|
|
Spring Offensive is a failure, what happens in germany? |
-factory strikes-Navy ~ mutiny-Kaiser abdicates to Holland |
|
|
Who becomes the next leader of Germany? |
Friedrich |
|
|
When was the armstice signed? |
NOvember 11 at 11am 1918 |
|
|
Armistice |
agreement to stop fighting |
|
|
Wilfred Owens |
most famos poeton the day parents learned of the ending of war they recieved a telegraph saying son was dead |
|
|
Compeigne |
signed 5am 11/11 major figures: Foch, Matthias Erzberger(some people were jewish) origins of nazi party & jew hatred comes from signing of armistie |
|
|
Treaty of Versailles |
Chemenceau - French leaderLloyd - BritishWilson - U.S.Orlando - Italy |
|
|
Where was Germany during treaty of versailles? |
waiting outsideit wasn't invovledhad to sign whatever it was told to sign |
|
|
Where was treaty of versaille signed? |
hall of mirrors |
|
|
Results of Treaty of Versail |
-new nations: Poland, Finalnd, Estonia, Lithuania, Lativa, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslava-mandates in M.E. |
|
|
Balfour Declaration |
British gvt promising land to jews in M.E.Problem: Lawrene also promised land to Palstines |
|
|
Mandates |
colonies What appened: straight lines drawn, just like in Africa, creates problems and civil wars |
|
|
Armedian Genocide |
-at end WWI hundreds of thousands of armedians disappear -turkey denies it happened to this day -eeryone says it was genoide |
|
|
Germany Suffers |
-clause in article 231 of treaty of versaille gives germany blame for WWI -reparations ($33 billion) -loss of military power -reduced mavy -no air force -100,000 army -Rhineland demilitarized |
|
|
League of Nations |
-fromed, but has no authority to make anyone do anything |
|
|
Wilson's Struggle |
recieved as hero in Europe, however only bought democrats with him |
|
|
Henry Cabot Lodge |
huge opposer of Wilson and Treaty of Versaille |
|
|
Did U.S. ever join LEague of Nations? |
Nope |
