History Final

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Q1- Why were americans hesitant to adopt gestalt psych? 4 reasons.

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1. most americans were behaviorists. gestalts emphasized the cogitive process. 2. believed that conscious wholes were more than the sum of their parts, and you cant break stuff down to elements. elementism. molar not molecular 3. cant be explained by wundtian or behavioral psych.

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phi phenomenon

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lights flashing imitating movement

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phenomenology

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describing stuff as it happens, unbiased as possible. dont reduce it to elements.

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psychophysical isomorphism

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A correlation exists between conscious experience and cerebral activity

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Q2- Describe the antecedent influences onFreud’s psychoanalytic system. Include the influences of Aristotle,Leibnitz, Herbart, Fechner, Charcot, and Darwin. Be specific whendiscussing the contributions of each of these individuals to Freud’swork.

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-Leibnitz- Monadology- monads are atoms of thought. petite perceptions are subconcious, apperceptions are concious.

-Herbart- threshold of conciousness- ideas related to current stuff will rise to conciousness above unrelated ideas.

-Fechner- iceberg theory, psychic energy, pleasure principle. influenced aggresion.

-Charcot- hypnsosi as treatment for unconcious. taught frued. influenced sex.

-darwin- catharsis. sexual arousal and drive. led to talking cure. influnced dreams.

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Q3- Both behaviorism and Gestalt psychologyemerged as rejections of Wundt and Titchener’s structuralism, butthe schools rejected structuralism on different grounds. Describe thecriticisms of structuralism leveled by the behaviorists and thecriticisms of structuralism leveled by the Gestalt psychologists.

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Research by watson, thorndike, and pavlov had already discredited wundt and functionalism. They were gaining serious credit in the scientific world. At the same time, gestalt psychologists in germany began to oppose wundt for his tendancy to reduce experiences down to fundemental pieces.

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G4- Summarize Lewin’s approach toexplaining human behavior. Be sure to explain the concepts of thelife space, universal causation, and the principle of contemporaneityin your answer.

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described human behavior in its physical and social context. life space is the field theory, applied to fields of social interactions that fuel our behavior. all past present and future events that will effect us. UNIVERSAL CAUSATION says that all these forces combine to account for behavior. PRINCIPLE OF CONTEMPORANEITY- A. only current presense in life space matters in behavior. past can matter, but only if its currently being recalled. reality is subject.

his action research started community psych

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G5- Though Jung and Adler were bothexcommunicated from Freud’s inner circle for similar reasons, theywent on to develop very different theories. Describe both Jung’ssystem of Analytical Psychology and Adler’s system of IndividualPsychology. Be sure to include all major aspects of each system.

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Jung was originally meant to be frueds protege. but jung downplayed sex and libido. personal unconcious, collective unconscious, archetypes. intro/extroversion.

-adler- similar complaints, emphasized how frueds concepts werent testable. individual psych says we are motivated by inferiority and strive for superiority. compensation, overcompensation. founded femanist psychology.

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Q6-What is the cause of neurotic symptoms,according to Freud(sex.)? What must happen for neurotic symptoms to beresolved, and what two therapeutic methods did Freud eventuallysettle on to achieve this? Give a brief description of thesetherapeutic methods.

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psychoanalysis, free association, talking cure, hypnosis

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zeigarnik effect

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better memory for incompleted tasks

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posthypnotic amnesia

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kinhdsi

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law of pragnanz

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of all possible perceptions, we choose the simplest and attempt to form them intoa whole.

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carl rogers

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person-centered therapy.