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27 Cards in this Set
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Gulf of Tonkin |
In the Gulf of Tonkin incident, North Vietnamese torpedo boats supposedly attacked the USS Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of Vietnam, in a pair of assaults on August 2 and 4 of 1964.
It was the basis for the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which committed major American forces to the war in Vietnam. Lead to America's open entry into the Vietnam War. Johnson believed that an overwhelming show of force by the American Air Force would persuade Ho Chi Minh to cut off all aid to the NLF (National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam). He was wrong. Gave the president "blank check" authority to wage war on Vietnam |
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Ngo Dinh Diem |
First President of South Vietnam 1954-1963 Got some US support for being anti-communist Western education Rival was Ho Chi Min (leader of Nationalist North Vietnam) First language French, second English Anti-nationalist With the support of the United States, he refused to hold countrywide elections in 1956 (a stipulation of the 1954 Geneva Accords), fearing--almost certainly correctly--that he would lose to Ho Chi Minh. Diem was a terribly unpopular leader, known for his paranoia and his ruthlessness. Many South Vietnamese grew to resent and fear his repressive policies, which ultimately contributed to the rise of the NLF and the Viet Cong. |
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Robert F. Kennedy |
served as the U.S. attorney general from 1961 to 1964
In this role, Robert Kennedy fought organized crime and worked for civil rights for African Americans. He also served as a close advisor to the president. In the Senate, he was a committed advocate of the poor and racial minorities, and opposed escalation of the Vietnam War. On June 5, 1968, while in Los Angeles campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination, Kennedy was shot. He died early the next day at age 42. worked with his brother, as well as his successor as president, Lyndon Johnson (1908-73), on the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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CIA |
The Central Intelligence Agency was created on July 26, when Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law. When the CIA was created, its purpose was to create a clearinghouse for foreign policy intelligence and analysis. Today it's primary purpose is to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence, and to perform covert actions. it is the only agency authorized to carry out and oversee covert action, unless the President finds that another agency is better suited for such operations. In '71 the NSA and CIA were engaged in domestic spying. The DOD was eavesdropping on Kissenger. The White House, and Camp David were wired for sound. Nixon and Kissenger were eavesdropping on their aides, as well as reporters. This led to Watergate scandal and from then on there was a level of distrust in the government by the people. |
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SDS |
a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. The organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969.
SDS has been an important influence on student organizing in the decades since its collapse. Participatory democracy, direct action, radicalism, student power, shoestring budgets, and its organizational structure are all present in varying degrees in current American student activist groups. Though various organizations have been formed in subsequent years as proposed national networks for left-wing student organizing, none has approached the scale of SDS, and most have lasted a few years at best. |
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Chicago Seven |
seven defendants—Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, and Lee Weiner—charged with conspiracy, inciting to riot, and other charges related to countercultural protests that took place in Chicago, Illinois, on the occasion of the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
The grand jury focused on the possible grounds for charges in four areas: A conspiracy by protesters to cross state lines to incite a riot Violations by police of the civil rights of demonstrators by use of excessive force TV network violations of the Federal Communications Act TV network violations of federal wiretap laws. trial went on for months On February 18, 1970, all seven defendants were found not guilty of conspiracy. Two (Froines and Weiner) were acquitted completely, while the remaining five were convicted of crossing state lines with the intent to incite a riot, a crime instituted by the anti-riot provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1968. On February 20, they were sentenced to five years in prison. In addition, they were fined $5,000 each
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Mikhail Gorbachev |
Eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union Elected March 1990 largely hailed in the west for beliefs in foreign affairs had a relationship with Reagan the two met up and decided to be rid of nuclear weapons in 10 years began to negotiate treaties with US then they developed trust issues heightened tensions during missile crisis |
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Moral Majority |
The Moral Majority was a prominent American political organization associated with the Christian right. It was founded in 1979 and dissolved in the late 1980s. It played a key role in the mobilization of Christians as a political force and in Republican presidential victories throughout the 1980s. The Moral Majority engaged in political activity in a variety of ways, including national media campaigns and grassroots organization aimed at supporting particular candidates in elections and using mail and phone calls to reach office-holders The Moral Majority, however, is probably best known for its involvement in presidential elections, specifically those of Ronald Reagan. After Reagan’s victory, Falwell announced Reagan’s success was directly due to the Moral Majority and others REGISTERINGand encouraging church-goers to vote who had never before been politically active |
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NLF |
National Liberation Front (NLF), formally National Front for the Liberation of the South, Vietnamese Mat-Tran Dan-Toc Giai-Phong Mien-Nam, Vietnamese political organization formed on Dec. 20, 1960, to effect the overthrow of the South Vietnamese government and the reunification of North and South Vietnam.
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Tet Offensive |
pivotal event during the Vietnam War It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers throughout South Vietnam The initial attacks stunned the US and South Vietnamese armies and caused them to temporarily lose control of several cities, The Tet Offensive was militarily a defeat for the Communists; it had weakened them very substantially. However, in public relations it was a Communist victory. There were several reasons for this. US spokesmen had been saying for months that the Communist forces were weakening. The Tet Offensive made it obvious that the Communist forces were far stronger than US spokesmen had admitted. The total number of US soldiers reported killed in Vietnam during the year 1968 was about 14,000, the highest number for any year of the war. had not been a cheap victory Tet Offensive made the US news media, and the US public, much less enthusiastic about the war than they had been previously. |
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Watergate |
a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 17, 1972, break-in at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement.
When the conspiracy was discovered and investigated by the U.S. Congress, the Nixon administration's resistance to its probes led to a constitutional crisis. |
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Great Society |
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.
Some Great Society proposals were stalled initiatives from John F. Kennedy's New Frontier |
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Patriot Act |
The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001.
Its title is a ten-letter backronym (USA PATRIOT) that stands for "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001". legislative follow up to 911 attack renewed twice since then wish list of fbi cia and nsa rolls back essential liberties of american citizens makes their jobs easier search and seizure assuming that you seek privacy rights of accusedrepresentation in court ^^ undermined by patriot act |
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Roe vs. Wade |
permits women in first trimester to terminate pregnancy 2nd trimester its up to state
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YAF |
From its beginning as an outgrowth of the efforts to obtain the Republican vice presidential nomination for a conservative in 1960 up through its determined campaign to ensure that a conservative vice president was renominated in 1992, YAF was a major player in late 20th century American politics
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Iran/Contra |
Aka Irangate or Contragate a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration. Senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of an arms embargo.[3] They hoped that the arms sales would SECURE the release of several US hostages and use the money to fund the Contras in Nicaragua. Under the Boland Amendment, further funding of the Contras by the government had been prohibited by Congress. The scandal began as an operation to free the seven American hostages being held in Lebanon by a group with Iranian ties |
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9/11 |
a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area on Tuesday, September 11, 2001.
The attacks killed 2,996 people (including 19 hijackers) and caused at least $10 billion in property and infrastructure damage |
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Tea Party |
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Ho Chi Minh |
He led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the Communist-ruled Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at the battle of Điện Biên Phủ.
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War Powers Act |
The War Powers Act of 1941, also known as the First War Powers Act, was an American emergency law that increased Federal power during World War II.
The act was signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and put into law on December 18, 1941, less than two weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Martin Luther King |
He spoke strongly against the U.S.'s role in the war, arguing that the U.S. was in Vietnam "to occupy it as an American colony"[156] and calling the U.S. government "the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today".[157]
He also connected the war with economic injustice, arguing that the country needed serious moral change: He summed up this aspect by saying, "A nation that CONTINUES year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death". |
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New Frontier |
The term New Frontier was used by liberal, Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him.
The most comprehensive farm legislation since 1938 was carried out, with expansions in rural electrification, soil conservation, crop insurance, farm credit, and marketing orders. |
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Pentagon Papers |
titled United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967.
The papers were discovered and released by Daniel Ellsberg, and first brought to the attention of the public on the front page of The New York Times in 1971.[1] A 1996 article in The New York Times said that the Pentagon Papers had demonstrated, among other things, that the Johnson Administration "systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress The most damaging revelations in the papers revealed that four administrations, from Truman to Johnson, had misled the public regarding their intentions |
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Baby Boom |
In 1954, annual births first topped four million and did not drop below that figure until 1965, when four out of ten Americans were under the age of 20.[1]
In the years after the war, couples who could not afford families during the Great Depression made up for lost time; the mood was now optimistic. During the war, unemployment ended and the economy greatly expanded; afterwards the country experienced vigorous economic growth until the 1970s. The G.I. Bill enabled record numbers of people to finish high school and attend college. This led to an increase in stock of skills and yielded higher incomes to families. |
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Vietnam Syndrome |
the perceived impact of the domestic controversy over the Vietnam War on US foreign policy after the end of that war in 1975.
Since the early 1980s, the combination of a public opinion apparently biased against war, a less interventionist US foreign policy, and a relative absence of American wars and military "Vietnam paralysis" are all the perceived results of this public malaise. President Ronald Reagan talked about Vietnam Syndrome, but argued that it could be overcome if Americans adopted a more confident and optimistic posture in the world-with him as leader. In the speech to the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) in which he used the term "Vietnam syndrome," Reagan alleged that the time was right for such a change of attitude and action since the Soviet Union was outspending the US in the global arms race such that America's global power was decreasing. He accused the Carter Administration of being "totally oblivious" to the Soviet threat. |
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Ronald Reagan |
the 40th President of the United States (1981–89)
Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an "evil empire",[3] he supported anti-communist movements worldwide and spent his first term forgoing the strategy of détente in favor of rollback by escalating an arms race with the USSR. substantial debate has occurred among scholars, historians, and the general public surrounding his legacy. Supporters have pointed to a more efficient and prosperous economy as a result of Reagan's economic policies,[319] foreign policy triumphs including a peaceful end to the Cold War,[320] and a restoration of American pride and morale.[112] Proponents also argue Reagan restored faith in the American Dream with his unabated and passionate love for the United States,[321] after a decline in American confidence and self-respect under Jimmy Carter's perceived weak leadership, particularly during the Iranian hostage crisis, as well as his gloomy, dreary outlook for the future of the United States during the 1980 election.[322] Critics contend that Reagan's economic policies resulted in rising budget deficits,[146] a wider gap in wealth, and an increase in homelessness[155] and that the Iran-Contra affair lowered American credibility.[323] |
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Occupy Wall Street |
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is the name given to a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.
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