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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
April, 9th 1866 Enacted civil rights for all US Citizens |
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Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
Divided the South into 5 military controlled sections. Set standards for the states to re-enter. |
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14th Amendment |
All people born or naturalized in the US are citizens. |
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Carpetbaggers |
Northern Yankee who moved to the South after the Civil War. "Carried a carpet bag" |
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Scalawags |
Southern Whites that supported reconstruction and the Republican party |
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Compromise of 1877 |
Answer to controversial 1876 election. Pulled federal troops out of the South. Ended Reconstruction Era. |
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Lincoln's 10% Plan |
Dec. 1863. Said that state could rejoin union if 10% of people made oath to union and to abide by emancipation |
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Field order no. 15 |
Jan. 16, 1865. Sherman's order that confiscated a strip of coastline between SC and FL for freed blacks. 1865. 40 acres and a mule. Military necessity, couldn't feed them. |
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Port Royal Experiment |
Freed slaves worked on land abandoned by plantation owners. Liberated Sea Island off SC and Port Royal for slaves. Model of what reconstruction could have been. |
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Freedmen's Bureau |
Established March 1865. Helped freed slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. Provided food, water, medical aid and schools. |
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Sharecropping |
Landowners allows a tenant to use their land in return of shares grown from the land |
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Debt peonage |
Reduces debtors to slave labor to repay their dues. |
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Andrew Johnson |
17th president. Vice pres. who took over when Lincoln killed. Wanted quick restoration, no rights for slaves. 1st press. impeached. |
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Black codes |
Passed by Southern states to limit black's rights |
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Memphis race riot |
May 1-3 1866. Between white police and black soldiers, huge violence. |
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New Orleans race riots |
July 30, 1866. Whites attacked blacks who were in a parade arguing black codes. |
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Radical Republicans |
1854-1857. Part of Republican party. Strongly against slavery. Wanted harsh policies for former rebels. |
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Charles Sumner |
MA senator. Wanted to minimize the power of ex-Confederates and guarantee equal rights for the freedmen |
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Thaddeus Stevens |
Leader of the Radical Republicans. In opposition to Johnson. |
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John Wilkes Booth |
Actor who killed Lincoln, sympathizer of Confederates. Had plan to kidnap Lincoln, Johnson and Seward. |
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Ford's Theater |
Where Booth shot Lincoln. |
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Twenty Negro Law |
Name given to Second Conscription Act. Passed October 11th, 1862. Exempted one white guy from military service if he had 20 slaves. |
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Shinplasters |
What they called paper money because it held so little value it was only good for shinplaster |
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Josiah Gorgas |
Northern Confederate General |
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Christopher Memminger |
First Secretary of Treasury for the Confederate States of America |
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Overland Campaign |
Series of battles in VA in May and June 1864. Grant led continuous battle on Lee's Confed. troops. Ultimately an important Union victory. |
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Sherman's March |
Nov/Dec 1864 march from Atlanta to Savannah, GA. Used tactics to frighten GA residence into abandoning the Confed. cause. "March to the Sea" |
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Petersburg |
VA city. Many people of color migrated here. |
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Appomattox |
April 9, 1865. Final engagement of Lee's army before surrender to Grants Union army. |
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Burning of Atlanta |
Sept. 1864. Union takeover of Atlanta a key confederate city |
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Smoothbore "Brown Bess" Musket |
Old style musket, short range, bad aim, slow to load |
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Rifling |
Spiral grooves on the inside of the barrel caused bullet to spin. Longer range and more accurate. |
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Percussion Cap |
Reduced misfire rates of weapons |
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Minie Ball |
Arodynamic bullet, more accurate and longer range. More deadly |
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Fire-Swept Zone |
Distance between lines where guns could reach |
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Carl von Clausewitz |
Connection between war and politics; political aims and military means. Limited ends=limited means |
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Means and Ends |
Means=How war is fought, Ends= What war is fought to achieve (range to totality) |
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Napoleon III |
Was on Confederate side because he needed cotton for textile industry in France |
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Laird Rams |
English iron clad ships built for the Confed. Never reached them |
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Blockade Runners |
Lightweight fast ships sent to evade naval blockade and bring in/out goods. |
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Benito Juarez |
Mexican president |
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Greenbacks |
Paper money printed by the US. Not backed by gold or silver |
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Legal Tender Act (1862) |
Feb. 1862 Authorized the use of paper bills to pay government bills |
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National Bank Act (1863) |
Created a National bank system and a national currency |
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War profiteers |
People or groups that sold weapons and goods to parties at war. Often shoddy made and overpriced. |
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Copperheads |
Northern Democratic party that opposed the Civil War and wanted immediate peace with the Confed. Repub. compared them to the venomous snake |
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Clement Vallandingham |
Ohio resident. Leader of the Copperheads. |
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Habeas Corpus |
Right of a prisoner to a court trial |
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Conscription |
Compulsory enlistment |
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Substitutes |
Someone you could send in your place to fight |
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NYC draft riots |
July 13-16 1863 Huge riots by the working class agains conscription |
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Preliminary Emancipation |
Sept. 22nd 1862 warning that rebels needed to end fighting and rejoin the union or all slaves would be freed |
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Emancipation Proclimation |
Jan. 1 1863 freed all slaves in rebel states |
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13th amendment |
Dec. 6th 1865 Slavery is not allowed |
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Spotswood Rice |
Escaped slave who served in US colored infantry. Wrote letter to 'son' |
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Andersonville Prison |
Andersonville, GA. Prisoners of War |
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Crittenden Resolution, July 1861 |
Passed by congress to outline aims of war, no mention of slaves. Keep loyalty of slaveholding boarder state unionists. Reassure Northerners they were fighting for Union not slaves. |
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Gen. George B. McLellan |
Union. Good planner, bad attacker. Lost peninsula campaign. |
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Fortress Monroe, VA |
Union fort in VA that was protected from Confederates |
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Contrabands |
New term for escaped slaves who escaped to Union lines. No longer returned to Confeds. |
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Gen. John C. Fremont |
Hasty Union general of the west |
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Gen. David Hunter |
Union general. Tried to do his own emancipation of three slave states. Lincoln took it back |
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First Confiscation Act |
July 1861. Allowed for court proceedings to allow anything used by the confed. army to be confiscated, including slaves. |
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Second Confiscation Act |
July, 1862. Any confed. leader or civilian who did not surrender in 60 days would have their slaves freed in criminal proceedings. |
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Militia Act |
July, 1862. Allowed African Americans to participate as war laborers and soldiers |
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Second Bull Run |
Aug, 1862. VA. Pope v. Lee. Union loss |
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John Pope |
Union general of 2nd bull run |
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Antietam |
Maryland. 1st battle on union soil. McClellan v Lee. McClellan blocked Lee's entry into MD but Lee was unaffected |
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Sharpsburg |
Maryland where Antietam was fought. |
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Harpers Ferry |
W. VA. Where John Browns Raid took place |
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Burnside's Bridge |
Antietam battle. How to cross the river |
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1862 mid-term elections |
Republicans increased their control over the senate. |
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Fredricksburg |
Dec. 1862. Confederate victory. Burnside |
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Ambrose Burnside |
Union general. Fredricksburg |
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Chancellorsville |
April/May 1863. Virginia. Hooker v Lee. Confed. victory. Lee divided troops, risky, smart decision. |
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Joseph Hooker |
Union general. Chancellorsville defeat by Lee |
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Stonewall Jackson |
Confed. general. Confed. pickets accidentally shot him at Chancellorsville. Highly tactical |
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HMS Trent |
5 royal navy ships. Confederate. |
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US 'unconditional surrender' Grant |
Union general. Fort Donelson nickname. |
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Fort Donelson and Henry |
Feb. 1862. Major Union victories. Grant |
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Shiloh |
April 1862. Western theatre Tennessee. Union victory. Grant |
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Seven Days Battle |
June 1862. VA. McClellan v Lee. No true winner |
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Monitor v. Virginia |
2 Ironclad ships battle |
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April Call for Volunteers |
By lincoln for volunteers for 3 months |
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Baltimore Riot |
May 1861. Maryland anti-war v. MA militia |
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Anaconda Plan |
Plan to cut off the confederate states by creating a blockade around it |
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First Bull Run |
July 1861, Confed. won. Showed war was going to be longer and bloodier than expected |
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PGT Beauregard |
Confed. general. First bull run |
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Joseph Johnston |
Confed. general. First bull run |
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Irvin McDowell |
Union general. First bull run |
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"Great Skedaddle" |
Norths retreat from First Bull Run |
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Peninsular Compaign |
Union campaign to capture East. Led by McClellan. Against Lee. Union defeat |
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Quaker Guns |
Logs used to resemble cannons to fake out other side. |
