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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Bonus March |
Who: Veterans and their families from WWI gathering in DC in the spring/summer of 1932 What: Group of people gathering wanting cash-rewards for their services Where: DC When: summer/spring of 1932 Why: Many war veterans had been out of work since the beginning of the Great Depression. The World War Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924 gave them bonuses in the form of certificates but they could not redeem them until 1945. These certificates paid them for their promised payments plus a compound interest. They wanted cash payment immediately instead. |
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Social Security Act
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Who: Act drafted during Roosevelt’s first term and passed by congress as part of the second new deal. What: The act was meant to provide benefits to retirees and the unemployed. The act also gave money to states to provide assistance to aged people and make it easier upon death for the family. Where: US When: August 14, 1935 Why: Roosevelt was the first president to advocate federal assistance for the elderly. |
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Neutrality Acts
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Who: They were passed by the US congress in the 1930s in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in WWI. What: Acts put in place to ensure that the US would not become entangles in foreign conflicts once again. Where: US When: 1930s Why: 4.
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Executive Order 8802
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Who: What: Signed in order to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry. It was the first federal action to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the US Where: US When: 1941 Why: it was ordered in response to pressure from civil rights activist Walter White and others involved in the March on Washington Movement who planned to protest racial discrimination. |
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Yalta Conference
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Who: The US, UK and Soviet Union What: WWII meeting of the heads of government from US, UK and Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe’s post-war reorganization. Where: Crimea When: 1945 Why: Intended to mainly discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. Within a few years, with the cold war dividing the continent, Yalta became a subject of intense controversy. |
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Marshall Plan
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Who: What: American initiative to aid Europe in which the US gave $17 billion in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of WWII. Where: When: Four years starting in 1948 Why: The goals of the US were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriers and modernize industry, making Europe prosperous again. |
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Berlin Airlift
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Who: Western Allies helping West Berlin when the Berlin Blockadeblocked the Western Allies’ railways and canal access. The Soviets offered to drop the blockade if the Western Allies withdrew the newly introduced Deutschmark from West Berlin. What: Western Allies organized the Berlin Airlift to carry supplies to the people in West Berlin. (US, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canadian) Flew over 200,000 flights and 4700 tons of necessities daily, food and fuel to Berlin. Where: Western Berlin When: 1948-1949 for one year Why: By the spring of 1949, more good were being transported then ever by before. This lead to the lift of the blockade in 1949 by the USSR. The Berlin Crisis served to highlight the competing ideological and economic visions for postwar Europe, especially in Germany. Which led to the division of that country, and into East and West division of Berlin. |
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GI Bill
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Who: Gave benefits to the returning veterans from WWII. What: Provided a range of benefits for returning WWII veterans; included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start their own businesses and cash payments for tuition and living expenses to ate university. Where: US When: 1944 Why: Gave new rights to veterans of war that had not been dishonorably discharged, and been on active duty for at least 90 days. The bill was a major factor in the creation of the American middle class, but also substantially increased racial inequality because many of the benefits of the bill were not granted to veterans of color. Since then, it has changed and all veterans are included, but this was a major point of racial issues in the US. |
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Levittown
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Who: William Levitt, controller of Levitt and Sons What: A town that was built as a racially segregated planned community. First ever true suburb in the US Where: New York, Nassau County When: 1947-1951 Why: A new form of construction and building for the US. There was mass-production and speed when building. The housing community was not just famous for the building, but also for the amenities that were put in place—post offices, schools and grocery stores. |
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Montgomery Bus Boycotts
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Who: Activists that boycotted in many ways. What: A seminal event in the US civil rights movement was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation. Where: Montgomery, Alabama When: 1955-1956 Why: A series of boycotts started when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to when Browder v. Gayle. This lead to a US Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional. Many people took part in the movement, including Martin Luther King Jr and Ralph Abernathy. |
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Brown v. Board of Education decision
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Who: Oliver Brown vs the Board of Education of Topeka. Brown joined the law-suite after he realized the injustice between his daughter and other white children from her class What: Overturned the rule of Plessy v. Ferguson Where: Topeka, Kansas When: 1954 Why: Landmark US Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional and against law. |
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Emmett Till
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Who: Black teenager who was murder in Mississippi at 14 What: Act of racial violence against people of color. Where: Till was from Chicago, but was visiting relatives in Mississippi When: 1955 Why: After Till died, the body was brought back to Chicago for the funeral. There was an open-casket ceremony in which Till’s broken,bloated and beaten body was exposed. The reason Till is important is because it was used as a focus to discuss and understand the lynching and beatings that were happening against black people. |
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Civil Rights Act
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Who: People that were used to being discriminated against What: A new civil rights legislation in the US that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender or national origin. Where: US When: 1964 Why: This act gave light to the situations that people were put against based on racial and sexual discrimination; signed by LBJ |
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Voting Rights Act
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Who: LBJ signed the rights in during the civil rights movement. Helps people of color when trying to vote. What: Prohibits racial discrimination in voting Where: US When: 1965 Why: Arguably the most influential piece of civil rights legislation in the country. Helped the southern Black people be able to vote. |
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Who: A joint resolution that the US passed in 1964 in response to the Gulf of Tonkin Incident What: A joint resolution to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia Where: US When: 1964 Why: It gave LBJ authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of “conventional” military force in Southeast Asia. The resolution authorized the president to do whatever necessary in order to assist “any member of protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty” |
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Tet Offensive
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Who: What: Largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, by forces of the Vietnam Cong and North Vietnamese Army against the forces of South Vietnam, US, and all their allies Where: South Vietnam When: 1968 Why: |
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Chicago Convention
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Who: Humphrey and Muskie What: Democratic national convention. LBJ said he would not run for reelection, so the convention was held in order to find a new nominee Where: Chicago When: 1968 Why: Held during a time of civil unrest in most of the country, the convention was held after Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated. |
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Stonewall Incident
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Who: Gay community of the Village v the police force What: Series of spontaneous and violent demonstrations by members of the gay community after a police raids at the Stonewall Inn Where: Greenwich Village, NY When: 1969 Why: They are widely considered to be the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fights for LGBTQ rights in the US today |
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Watergate
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Who: Nixon is running for reelection as president What: Break in at the DNC, Democratic National Committee, and office at the Watergate Hotel Where: DC When: 1970s, after the 1972 break in at DNC Why: Nixon is a little paranoid and he is scared that people are not going to reelect him, so he kind of stages a situation where they will have to reelect him. Before Nixon can be impeached, he resigns and the new president, aka old vice president, Ford steps up. Nixon gets pardoned for anything bad he has done and moves on. |
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Iran Hostage Crisis
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Who: Conflict between the US and Iran What: 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days after a group of Iranian students took of the embassy in Tehran. Where: Tehran, Iran When: 1978-1981 Why: President Jimmy Carter said that the hostages were “victims of terrorism and anarchy” and that the US would not give in to blackmail.
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