History Final

Front 1

Evaluate the agreements achieved by detente in the early 1970s.

Back 1

- Conflicts in the middle east showed that the US and USSR can come to agreements regarding the Middle East
- The US and USSR signed several important agreements
- Anti-ballistic Missile treaty and to reduce spending on the arms race
- Trade and inter-state exchanges also flourished during the period.
- In addition due to detente, a number of events that might have escalated into more serious conflicts were settled.
- For example, the killing of Soviet sailors by American bombs in 1972 brought little protest from the soviet media because of the Upcoming Moscow Summit of 1972

Front 2

Evaluate the collapse of detente in the late 1970s

Back 2

- Arm control talks stalled
- Americans felt that détente failed to prevent the Soviets from attaching the third world
- Ronald Regan was elected into presidency
- Trade declines
- Soviet human rights violations
- North Vietnam took over south

Front 3

Evaluate the Cold War leadership after the collapse of detente.

Back 3

- Nuclear fears heightened
- Regan was considered a “trigger happy cowboy” causing a growing movement against him
- Nuclear freeze campaign called for nuclear arms reduction
- Ronald Regan proposed the Strategic defense initiative which was a nuclear defense system that would use satellites and lasers to destroy IBMs
- New leadership in the USSR was found easy to get along with

Front 4

Evaluate the Cold War leadership during the Gorbachev era.

Back 4

- INF treaty
- USSR and US agreed to eliminate all intermediate and short range missiles
- first time that the superpowers agreed to eliminate a whole class of weapons
- Soviet-Afghan war- Gorbachev announced withdraw of soviet troops as long as there was no international interference in Afghan affairs.

Front 5

Evaluate the superpower leadership during the conclusion of the Cold War.

Back 5

- Gorbachevs UN Address stated that nations must choose their own destiny
- Renounces the use of force in international relations
- The end of communism in Eastern Europe begins with the speech of Gorbachev
- Hungary opened society, borders and held free elections
- US President George Bush play the end well and didn’t push things just let it happen

Front 6

1.) Walter LaFeber wrote, "Somehow, with the end of the Cold War, foreign policy was becoming more complex -- and dangerous." How did the post-Cold War period become more complex and more dangerous?

Back 6

After the Cold War the world found that they went from two superpowers, The US and the USSR to now only one. The rest of the countries were now becoming independent. The balance of the world has now been shifted. In the passed there was always the “enemy” the USSR, but now there is the rise of terrorism. The US suffers from Vietnam syndrome meaning they do not want to get involved with anything. The US faced a lot of uncertainty and started to become selfish.

Front 7

You will be given an excerpt from a primary source document and you will have to determine its meaning. (Gorbachev's United Nations Address, December 1988)

Back 7

Gorbachevs “new thinking and his economic and political reforms, perestroika and glasnost, arguably played the most important role in ending the Cold War. In his speech he announced unilateral arms and troop reductions and withdrawal of the Soviet forces from its Eastern European satellites. This also indicated the abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine and the determination to intervene in its bloc to save communist party rule.

Front 8

ABM Treaty

Back 8

- treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against missile-delivered nuclear weapons. Under the terms of the treaty, each party was limited to two ABM complexes, each of which were to be limited to 100 anti-ballistic missiles.

Front 9

Camp David Accords

Back 9

a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt issuing from talks at Camp David between Egyptian President Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Begin, and the host, U.S. President Carter: signed in 1979.

Front 10

Leonid Brezhnev

Back 10

a communist leader of the Soviet Union who restored Stalinist-type dictatorship

Front 11

Jimmy Carter

Back 11

39th US president, decided to boycott the Moscow Olympics

Front 12

Carter Doctrine

Back 12

stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf.

Front 13

Geneva Summit (1985)

Back 13

Cold War-era meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, between U.S. president Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. The two leaders met for the first time to hold talks on international diplomatic relations and the arms race.

Front 14

Glasnost

Back 14

was a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union. Introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev

Front 15

Helsinki Final Act

Back 15

signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West.

Front 16

INF Treaty

Back 16

The treaty eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges

Front 17

Iran Hostage Crisis

Back 17

diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States. Fifty-two Americans were held hostage for 444 days

Front 18

Ayatollah Khomeini

Back 18

Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution

Front 19

New Thinking

Back 19

the foreign policy of Mikhail Gorbachev called New Thinking,involving arms control and non-confrontational resolution

Front 20

Paris Peace Accords

Back 20

to establish peace in Vietnam and an end to the Vietnam War, ended direct U.S. military involvement, and temporarily stopped the fighting between North and South Vietnam

Front 21

Perestroika

Back 21

a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Front 22

Persian Gulf War

Back 22

an armed conflict that took place between Iraq and a coalition of nations as a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwai

Front 23

Reykjavik Summit

Back 23

a summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev

Front 24

Anwar el-Sadat

Back 24

3rd eygpt president, Sadat took Egypt through the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to the start of a diplomatic way to end the crisis within the Middle East - the so-called Sadat Initiative.

Front 25

SALT

Back 25

were two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union—the Cold War superpowers—on the issue of armament control.

Front 26

Six Day War

Back 26

The war was against Syria, Jordan and Egypt. Israel believed that it was only a matter of time before the three Arab states co-ordinated a massive attack on Israel.

Front 27

Strategic Defense Initiative

Back 27

proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983, to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles

Front 28

START Treaty

Back 28

was a bilateral treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.

Front 29

Tienanmen Square Massacre

Back 29

were student-led popular demonstrations in Beijing which took place in the spring of 1989 and received broad support from city residents, exposing deep splits within China's political leadership

Front 30

Yom Kippur War

Back 30

fought between Israel and the Arab states of Egypt and Syria. It took place between October 6th and October 25th in 1973 with the initial attack taking place on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. The war heightened tensions in the Cold War between the world's two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union.