History Final

Front 1

Appeasement

Back 1

The strategy of preceding a war by making concessions to aggressors.

Front 2

Diaspora

Back 2

The dispersal of a population, often resulting in large settlements in different parts of the world.

Front 3

Indulgence

Back 3

In early modern Europe, a note sold by the Catholic Church to speed a soul's exit from Purgatory.

Front 4

Mestizo

Back 4

A person of mixed European and Native American ancestry.

Front 5

Middle Passage

Back 5

The Atlantic crossing made by slaves taken from Africa to the Americas.

Front 6

Monsoon

Back 6

A wind system that influences large climatic regions such as the Indian Ocean basin and reverses direction seasonally.

Front 7

Nationalism

Back 7

A belief in the importance of one's nation, stemming from its unique laws, language, traditions, and history.

Front 8

Northwest passage

Back 8

Searched-for sea route to Asia via North America.

Front 9

Vertical archipelago

Back 9

Andean system of planting crops and grazing animals at different altitudes.

Front 10

Zionism

Back 10

A movement that began in the late nineteenth century among European Jews to form a Jewish state.

Front 11

Apartheid

Back 11

The South African system of laws and behaviors that enforced segregation of the black from white population, with the intention of creating a society dominated by whites. Some of the main political strategies of the apartheid government included taking the homes and lands of black citizens and herding them into small "townships". Apartheid laws were repealed in 1991.

Front 12

Great Depression

Back 12

The economical crisis of the 1930s that began in agricultural regions through a severe drop in commodity prices in the 1920s and then, with the U.S. stock market crash of 1929, spread to industrial countries. The stock market crash occurred as a result of the United States financing the economic growth of countries around the world for the previous five years. When the U.S. began to fall further into debt, financiers cut back on the loans and called in debt, which lead to weakening banks and industry around the world. As a result, businesses closed, workers were laid off, and the economy suffered.

Front 13

Interchangeability of parts

Back 13

The interchangeability of parts was a final critical aspect of the Industrial Revolution. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans were still fighting for global trade and influence; as a result, there was a high demand for less expensive weapons. Finally, in 1790, a French gunsmith was able to produce guns with fully interchangeable parts. This is turn lowered the price of weapons and made repair possible for merchants and soldiers around the world.