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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Ross
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Chief John Ross of the Cherokees; 1831. Ross lobbied the Senate with a petition against the treaty, but he lost.
*led his people through the Civil War, relocation to Oklahoma *their early alliance with the Confederacy jeopardized their nation *he was 1/8 cherokee, 7/8 scot *educated by white men, he was white, spoke poor cherokee, but because of this he was able to negotiate deals with American gov.'t |
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Indian Removal
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1838; Indians were forced to evacuate by Jackson. Cherokees refused to move.
*President Martin Van Buren rounded them up, and 20,000 cherokees were evicted, held in detention camps, and marched west. *strongly supported in South so that they could gain land *supposed to be voluntary, but great pressure was put on Native Americans to move |
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Indian Territory
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p.275&375
1840; located in Oklahoma. *Indians were forcibly marched here to live *it had a disastrous impact on Indian nation because they encountered an alien environment *many became dependent on government payments for survival because they were unable to live off the land *indians competed with one another for resources |
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Yeoman Farmer
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1839; small family farm found throughout the country. In South & Midwest, but not plantation slave culture.
*important because of Jeffersonian idea that yeoman farmer is the only stable basis for a republic *to succeed you needed a wife & children to help run the farm *semi-subsistence agriculture *people who headed west and started from scratch |
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Artisan
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1840?; made clothing at home. Majority were in rural areas making useful products for farmers i.e. hay cutters?
*bartering *most worked near/at home *buy raw wool from farmer |
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Apprentice
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year?; to live with and serve their master.
*usually 5-7 years *apprentice-->journeyman-->master |
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Journeyman
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year?; second step after apprentice.
*fully educated in a trade or craft, not yet a master * |
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Master
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year?;master of an apprentice, much of the work was custom manufacturing.
* |
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"separate spheres"
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between men and women; 1840s, men work outside the home (public sphere) and women inside the home (domestic sphere)
*the home was an emotional retreat from the competitive world of business *men provided and protected, while women nurtured and guarded the family's morality *Treatise on Domestic Economy by Catherine Beecher (about education, employment of young women, parenting) *Godey's Lady's Book |
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Temperance movement
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1840s;to clamp down on alcohol
*"respectable women" did not drink in public *"Daughters of Temperance" *prohibition *influenced by Dr. Rush's belief that excessive alcohol was injurious to health *Catholic & Protestant churches supported the movement |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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1851; wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin
*one of the first novels that portrayed slavery *alarmed anxious southern whites *pro-slavery novels were published afterwards to contradict her thoughts *American abolitionist, author,white |
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Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention
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1848; in Seneca Falls, New York
*included Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Martha Wright *addressed national, not just state civil and political rights for women *men were also involved *protested everything from inability to vote to exclusion from certain occupations *created a Declaration of Sentiments, modeled on the Declaration of Independence |
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1824 Presidential Election
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between John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun and William Crawford
*crawford was frontrunner until he became ill *all candidates were Democratic-Republicans *Calhoun dropped bid for presidency and ran for VP *Jackson led in electoral and popular votes, and Adams finished second *John Quincy Adams won, he was backed by Clay whom he named to be secretary of state--->this is why angry Jacksonians denounced this as a "corrupt bargain" claiming Adams had stolen election from Jackson by offering Clay a cabinet position in exchange for his votes |
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Andrew Jackson
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1824; 7th president of the U.S.
*army general who defeated Creek Indians at battle of horshoe bend *nicknamed Old Hickory *his followers created modern Democratic Party *denounced Clay/Adams deal as a "corrupt bargain" |
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Martin Van Buren
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1830s; 8th president of the US
*from New York *Secretary of State under andrew jackson *father of Modern American politics *Dutch background * believed in national parties *candidate for President of Free Soil Party |
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Second party system
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1828; Parties: Democratic led by Andrew Jackson, Whig Party by Henry Clay (from national republicans), and...
*minor parties such as the Liberty Party and Free Soil Party *Jacksonian Era *was succeeded by 3rd party system |
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Whig party
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1833; political party during era of Jacksonian democracy
*part of second party system *opponents of Democrats+remnants of the National Republican and Antimason parties=Whigs *fell apart in 1853 *corrupt bargain--->jackson, clay, adams *favored economic expansion through an activist gov.'t |
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internal improvements
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slavery...
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colonization
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1816; elites supported this movement to purchase and relocate American slaves & free blacks to Africa/Carribbean
*American Colonization Society was supported by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Henry Clay *Liberia was founded in Africa for blacks who were willing to go *black abolitionists denounced the movement *American Antislavery Society--founded by Garrison, was a negative response to this movement |
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manumission
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1820s; the act of a slave owner freeing his own slaves before the 13th amendment to abolish slavery was passed.
*although many slaves still stayed with masters so they could have a job *it was a benevolent act to older slaves who couldn't work |
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Nat Turner's Rebellion
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1831; stunned Virginians, horrid massacre in VA
*black slave who knew how to read *led a band of rebels from farm to farm with axes where they murdered whites of all ages *in retaliation, whites killed slaves at random all over the region *turner was caught/hanged *This prompted VA to debate emancipation... |
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overseer
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1860s; someone, usually master, who would keep watch over his slaves
*such as on Carter Plantation in VA *directs the work of others |
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The Second Great Awakening
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1820s; church attendance shot up again, Charles G. Finney is leader.
*Upstate NY Became known as the "Burned Over District" because so many religious revivals occurred here *American Tract Society-published & gave out christian literature *Belief in the second coming of christ & that US had a special mission in God's role of eliminating evil |
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Charles G Finney
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1825; most famous preacher of 2nd great awakening, from Adams,NY.
*became a lawyer, then established himself as a powerful preacher *Presbyterian who became a Methodist *Argued that evil was avoidable, Christians weren't doomed by original sin, and anyone could achieve salvation. |
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William Lloyd Garrison
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1831-1845; American abolitionist, journalist, founded the Liberator.
*wrote preface to the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass *From his point of view, we had a pro-slavery constitution |
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The Liberator
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1831; anti-slavery newspaper, created by Garrison.
*published in Boston *3/4 of subscribers were African-American *the last issue published the 13th amendment in it |
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American Anti-Slavery Society
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1833; Founded by William L Garrison, Mob attacking Elijah Lovejoy's press in Alton, Illinois
*garrison also a staunch supporter of womens' rights *the era's largest abolitionist organization *over 300,000 members strong *called immediatists because slavery was an absolute sin needing urgent eradication |
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Liberty Party
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1844; the federal government didn't have the power to abolish slavery the liberty party said, individual states had to do it
*James Birney-candidate for president *agreed that slavery was an issue of state laws *only received a fraction of the votes (even from people who were abolitionists!) *Frederick Douglass supported them |
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Missouri Compromise
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1820; missouri applies for admission as a slave state, immediately there is controversy.
*southerners said they had a constitutional right to enter as a slave state *Henry Clay put forward a compromise *Missouri would enter as a slave state--maintaining balance between slave and free states, while the rest of Louisiana Territory north of Missouri's southern border of 36-30 line would prohibit slavery forever. |
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Free Soil Party
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1848; argued that slavery negatively impacts white yeoman farmers(Wilmot Proviso).
*proposed by PA rep David Wilmot *Northerners agreed with Wilmot, southerners opposed *Martin Van Buren was the Free Soil Party candidate for President in 1848 |
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popular sovereignty
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1850; happened during Compromise of 1850--the people shall decide whether there is slavery or not.
*In the 1850s, in the runup to the Civil War, Northern Democrats led by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan and Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois promoted popular sovereignty as a middle position on the slavery issue. It said that actual residents of territories should be able to decide by voting whether or not slavery would be allowed in the territory. The federal government did not have to make the decision, and by appealing to democracy Cass and Douglas hoped they could finesse the question of support for or opposition to slavery. Douglas applied popular sovereignty to Kansas in the Kansas Nebraska Act which passed Congress in 1854. The Act had two unexpected results. By dropping the Missouri Compromise of 1820 (which said slavery would never be allowed in Kansas), it was a major boost for the expansion of slavery. Overnight outrage united anti-slavery forces across the North into an "anti-Nebraska" movement that so |
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The Know Nothings
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1854; American Platforms-1) repeal of all naturalization laws 2)war to the hilt on Catholicism 3)None but Native Americans for office
*started as a secret organization, and their members were supposed to say, "I know nothing." When asked if they were members *made up primarily of Democratic & Whig Protestants *Republicans *also known as the American Party *had a fear of foreigners & Catholics |
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Stephen A. Douglas
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1813-1861; Democratic senator from Illinois from 1847 to death
*able to get the Compromise of 1850 through Congress *used popular sovereignty to regulate concerns of people in their own ways *found a way to pass the five proposals of Compromise without having northerners/southerners agree on fundamentals *didn't view slavery as a fundamental problem *introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act |
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Harper's Ferry Raid
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1859; close to DC, John Brown wanted to seize the armory, distribute weapons to slaves, so they could fight they way to freedom in PA.
*whites/blacks abolitionists participated in raid *hoping to trigger a slave rebellion, but Brown failed and was captured *Brown became a publicized martyr/villain of American history *Harpers Ferry,VA |
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1860 election
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Democrats-Stephen Douglas & John C. Breckenridge
Republicans-Abraham Lincoln & William Seward Constitutional Union Party-John Bell *many Americans thought it would decide the fate of the Union *Lincoln won, but his opponents refused to accept the results * |
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John Brown
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1800-1859; believed violence would have to end slavery
*"Bleeding Kansas" Brown and supporters murdered five proslavery men at Pottawatomie Creek "The time to talk has passed"-Brown *most people believed he was a crazy fanatic *Charlestown jail |
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slave codes-
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laws in each state which gave owners rights over their slaves; i.e.
year: 1705, VA: if a slave should be killed when they resist their master, the master will be free from punishment Also, whites could not be slaves (9/15/11) |
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Draft Riots
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1863; violent disturbances in New York City about new laws drafting men to fight in the Civil War. Militia were sent to control riots in the city.
*The drafts turned into an ugly force against race, with many blacks murdered in the streets *many buildings and homes were destroyed too |
