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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bourgeoisie
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city-dwelling middle-class, made up of merchants, manufacturers, and professional people such as doctors and lawyers
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bourgeousie
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city-dwelling middle-class, made up of merchants, manufacturers, and professional people such as doctors and lawyers
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universal manhood suffrage
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law stating every adult male could vote whether he owned property or not
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conscription
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draft adopted in France that made unmarried, able-bodied men from 18 to 45 years of age eligible for military service
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counterrevolution
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activities aimed against, or counter to, a revolution; in France, organized by supporters of the Old Regime
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coup d'etat
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seizure of power by force
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Industrial Revolution
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changes beginning in the 1700s, when power-driven machines began to do much of the work that people had done before
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Enclosure Movement
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practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings
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crop rotation
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the practice of alternating crops of different kinds to preserve soil fertility
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factors of production
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basic resources necessary for industrialization, such as land, capital, and labor
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mechanization
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use of automatic machinery to increase production
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domestic system
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method of production in which work is done in homes rather than in a shop or factory
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factory system
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production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and a large number of workers
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Bessemer process
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method of making steel that involves the forcing of air through molten iron to burn off carbon and other impurities
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capitalism
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economic system in which private individuals rather than the government control the factors of production
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commercial capitalism
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early phase of capitalism involving merchants who bought, sold, and exchanged goods
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industrial capitalism
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type of capitalism occurring during the Industrial Revolution when capitalists were involved in producing and manufacturing goods themselves, often using mechanized and industrialized methods of production
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division of labor
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characteristic of civilizations in which different people perform different jobs
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sole proprietorship
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business owned and controlled by one person
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partnership
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business owned and controlled by two or more people
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corporation
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business organization in which individuals buy shares of a stock, elect directors to decide policies and hire managers, and receive dividends according to the number if shares they own
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monopoly
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complete control of the production or sale of a good service by a single firm
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cartels
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combinations of corporations that control an entire industry
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business cycle
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pattern consisting of alternating periods of prosperity and decline
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depression cycle
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lowest point of a business cycle
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mobilize
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readied its army and other resources for combat
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militarism
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the glorification of armed strength
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The Reinsurance Treaty of 1887
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agreement between Bismarck and Russia, provided that each nation would be neutral if the other became involved in a defensive war
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Triple Entente
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alliance of France, Russia, and Great Britain
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Pan-Slavism
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the nationalist movement that pressed for the political and cultural unity of all Slavs under Russian leadership
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Balkan "power keg"
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description of the international rivalries and instability focused on the Balkans before World War I
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ultimatum
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one party threatens harmful action to another if the other party rejects its proposals
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belligerents
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warring nations
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central powers
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire
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allied powers
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Great Britain, France, Russia, and their partners
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U- boats
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submarines
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propaganda
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ideas, facts, or rumors spread deliberately to further one’s cause or to damage an opposing cause
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war of attrition
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a slow wearing-down process in which each side tries to outlast the other
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contraband
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war materials supplied by a neutral to a belligerent nation
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atrocities
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brutal crimes of war, often said to have been committed against defenseless citizens
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King of Prussia During German Unification?
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William I
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Who wrote the "White Man's Burden"?
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Rudyard Kipling
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John Locke's three natural rights?
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"life, liberty, property"
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July 14th, 1789?
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storming of the Bastille
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belief that Gad is nonexistent in man's everyday life
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Diasm
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lover of wisdom
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philosophe
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Four major long-term causes of World War I
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Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, System of Alliances
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- “Louis the Well-Beloved”
- Laziness, personal vices, and intrigues later became a problem for him and the country - Borrowed money from bankers, refused to economize |
Louis XV
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- France was in financial disaster, wouldn’t tax first two estates, bankers refused to lend anymore money
- Decided to convene Estates General at Versailles and hoped that by this he would be able to get approval for his plan to tax the wealthy |
Louis XVI
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Rumors that the feudal aristocracy (the aristos) were sending hired brigands to attack peasants& pillage their land
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The Great Fear
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- men are born equal and remain equal before the law; proclaimed freedom of speech, of the press, and of religion
- “Liberty, equality, fraternity.” |
Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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made it possible to plant seeds in the soil in regular rows
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seed drill
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∗ Britain’s land resources were mostly coal and iron and is many rivers provided waterpower and inland transportation
∗ Capital equipment, and inventory that are used in the production process; all of which Britain had access to ∗ Growing population and migration to the cities in Britain ∗ Large demand for British goods ∗ British government’s concern for commercial interests |
Causes of Industrial Revolution in Britain
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the totalitarian philosophy of government that glorifies the state and nation and assigns to the state control over every aspect of national life
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Facism
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