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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
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In 1846, shortly after outbreak of the Mexican-American War, Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania introduced this controversial amendment stating that any lands won from Mexico would be closed to slavery.
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Wilmot Proviso
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The concept that the settlers of a newly organized territory have the right to decide (through voting) whether or not to accept slavery. Promoted as a solution to the slavery question, popular sovereignty became a fiasco in Kansas during the 1850s.
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Popular Sovereignty
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This series of five congressional statutes temporarily calmed the sectional crisis. Among other things, the compromise made California a free state, ended the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law.
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Compromise of 1850
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Passed in 1850, this federal law made it easier for slave owners to recapture runaway slaves; it also made it easier for kidnappers to take free blacks. The law became an object of hatred in the North.
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Fugitive Slave Law
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This 1854 act repealed the Missouri Compromise, split the Louisiana Purchase into two territories, and allowed its settlers to accept or reject slavery by popular sovereignty. This act enflamed the slavery issue and led opponents to form the Republican party.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Written by American officials in 1854, this secret memo – later dubbed a “manifesto” 00 urged the acquisition of Cuba by any means necessary. When it became public, northerners claimed it was a plot to extend slavery and the manifesto was disavowed.
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Ostend Manifesto
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In late 1860, southern secessionists debated two strategies: unilateral secession by each state or “cooperative” secession by the South as a whole. The cooperationists lost the debate.
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Cooperationists
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Faced with the specter of secession and war, Congress tried and failed to resolve the sectional crisis in the months between Lincoln’s election and inauguration. The leading proposal, introduced by Kentucky Senator John Crittenden, would have extended the Missouri Compromise line west to the Pacific.
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Crittenden Compromise
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Paper currency issued by the Union beginning in 1812.
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Greenbacks
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On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed that the slaves of the Confederacy were free. Since the South had not yet been defeated, the proclamation did not immediately free anyone, but it made emancipation an explicit war aim of the North.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Northern Democrats suspected of being indifferent or hostile to the Union cause in the Civil War.
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Copperheads
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An association chartered by the Union government during the Civil War to promote health in the northern army’s camps through attention to cleanliness, nutrition, and medical care.
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Sanitary Commission
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Reconstruction plan by President Abraham Lincoln as a quick way to readmit the former Confederate states. It called for full pardon of all southerners except Confederate leaders and readmission to the Union for any state after 10 percent of its voters in the 1860 election signed a loyalty oath and the state abolished slavery.
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Ten Percent Plan
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The Radical Republicans in Congress, headed by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, insisted on black suffrage and federal protection of civil rights of African Americans.
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Radical Republicans
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In 1864, Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill to counter Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan for Reconstruction. The bill required that a majority of a former Confederate state’s white male population take a loyalty oath and guarantee equality for African Americans. President Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill.
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Wade Davis Bill
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Ratified in 1865, this amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude.
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Thirteenth Amendment
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Laws passed by southern states immediately after the Civil War in an effort to maintain the prewar social order. The codes attempted to tie freedmen to field work and prevent them from becoming equal to white southerners.
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Black Codes
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Agency established by Congress in March 1865 to provide freedmen with shelter, food, and medical aid and to help them establish schools and find employment. The Bureau was dissolved in 1872.
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Freedmen’s Bureau
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Ratified in 1868, this amendment provided citizenship to ex-slaves after the Civil War and constitutionally protected equal rights under the law for all citizens. Its provisions were used by Radical Republicans to enact a congressionally controlled Reconstruction policy of the former Confederate states.
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Fourteenth Amendment
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The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 divided the South into five military districts. They required black male suffrage and to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment as a condition of their readmission to the Union.
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Radical Reconstruction
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After the Civil War, the southern states adopted a sharecropping system as a compromise between former slaves, who wanted land of their own, and former slave owners, who needed labor. The landowners provided land, tools, and seed to a farming family, who in turn provided labor. The resulting crop was divided between them, with the farmers receiving a “share” of one-third to one-half of the crop.
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Sharecropping
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Ratified in 1870, this amendment prohibited the denial or abridgment of the right to vote by the federal government or state governments on the basis of race, color, or prior condition as a slave. It was intended to guarantee African Americans the right to vote in the South.
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Fifteenth Amendment
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A secret terrorist society first organized in Tennessee in 1866. The original Klan’s goals were to disfranchise African Americans, stop Reconstruction, and restore the prewar social order of the South. The Ku Klux Klan re-formed after World War II to promote white supremacy in the wake of the “Second Reconstructions.”
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Ku Klux Klan
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Congress attacked the Ku Klux Klan with three Enforcement or “Force” acts in 1870-1871. Designed to protect black voters in the South, these laws placed state elections under federal jurisdiction and imposed fines and imprisonment on those guilty of interfering with any citizen exercising his right to vote.
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Force Acts
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Compromise struck during the contested presidential election of 1876 in which Democrats accepted the election of Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the ending of Reconstruction.
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Compromise of 1877
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A loose coalition of prewar Democrats, Confederate army veterans, and Southern Whigs who took over southern state governments in the 1870s, supposedly “redeeming” them from the corruption of Reconstruction. They shared a commitment to white supremacy and laissez-faire economics.
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Redeemers
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Laws enacted by states to segregate the population. They became widespread in the South after Reconstruction.
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Jim Crow laws
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In 1844, the abolitionist _____ burned a copy of the US constitution.
a. William Lloyd Garrison b. Frederick Douglas c. Harriet Beecher Stowe d. Lucretia Mott |
a. William Lloyd Garrison
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The ____ Slave Law was a major component of the Compromise of 1850.
a. Fugitive b. Free c. Industrial d. Plantation |
a. Fugitive
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The _____ Manifesto regarded a scheme concocted by President Polk to buy Cuba from Spain.
a. Florida b. Ostend c. Jamaica d. Onis |
b. Ostend
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In the 1852 presidential race, the Whigs nominated General
a. Ulysses S. Grant b. Zachary Taylor c. Winfield Scott d. William T. Sherman |
c. Winfield Scott
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In 1820 Congress passed the important slavery bill known as the
a. Missouri Compromise b. Kansas-Nebraska Act c. Wilmot Proviso d. Louisiana Purchase |
a. MIssouri Compromise
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A short lived nativist party that arose before the Civil War was known as the
a. Liberty Party b. Republican Party c. Know-nothing Party d. Whig Party |
c. Know-Nothing Party
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In 1859 Preston Brooks physically attacked Charles Sumner in the
a. House b. Senate c. White House d. Supreme COurt |
b. Senate
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All of the following explain politics in Kansas during the mid- 1850s except
a. Antislavery crusader Frederick Douglass led a series of attakcs on proslavery forces b. The Kansas- Nebraska Act ignited a rush of human migration to the territory c. A small civil war soon broke out between northern and southern interests over slavery d. the territorial governor finally arranged a truce in the fall of 1856 |
a. Antislavery crusader Frederick Douglass led a series of attacks on proslavery forces
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All the following statements describe the election of 1856 except
a. the republican party nominated John C. Fremont b. the democratic party nominated James Buchanan c. the election entailed three seperate races in the north, south, and west d. buchanan won the election |
c.the election entailed three seperate races in the north, south, and west
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Which of the following does not reflect the history of Uncle Tom's Cabin?
a. The novel was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 b. the novel was carried very successful, selling 300,000 copies in its first year c. the novel convinced many southern whites to give up slavery d. the novel convinced many northern whites that slaveholders were brutal |
c. the novel convinced many southern whites to give up slavery
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A total of ____ southern states left the union after lincoln's election
a. 15 b. 13 c. 11 d. 9 |
c. 11
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the confederate states of _____ became the official organization created by the southern states that left the union.
a. the south b. america c. secession d. cooperation |
b. america
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a mississippian named ____ became president of the confederacy
a. robert e lee b. jefferson davis c. stonewall jackson d. ulysses s grant |
b. jefferson davis
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the ____ attempted to protect slavery in the southwestern territories
a. crittenden compromise b. compromise of 1840 c. louisiana purchase d. kansas- nebraska act |
a. crittenden compromise
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southerners who felt that the slave states should act as a unit were known as
a. unionists b. colonizationists c. cooperationists d. copperheads |
c.cooperationists
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the civil war began with the confederate shelling of
a. fort monroe b. fort sumter c. fort detroit d. fort pit |
b.fort sumter
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to help fund the war, the union in 1862 issued
a. greenbacks b. new gold coins c. cotton seed d. continental dollars |
a. greenbacks
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all of the following described the military problems of the confederacy except
a. planters were reluctant to grow food instead of cotton b. the south's internal transportaion system was inadequate c. confederate soldiers were poorly armed d. confederate soldiers were malnourished |
c.confederate soldiers were poorly armed
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how did the lincolc administration respond to dissent during the war?
a. for the most part, with restraint and toleration b. the closing down of all the newspapers c. arresting many congressmen and senators who criticized the union d. a refusal to suspend the writ of habeas corpus |
a. for the most part, with restraint and toleration
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the president of the confederacy exhibited all of the following tratis except
a. he remained a less effective leaders than president lincoln b. he narrowly defined his powers as commander-in-chief c. he left policy making to the conferate congress d. he became skilled at dealing with difficult field commanders |
d. he became skilled at dealing with difficult field commanders
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the ____ embodied president lincoln's initial idea for reuniting the nation
a. radical reconstruction b. ten percent plan c. 90 percent plan d. carpetbaggers plan |
b. ten percent plan
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the _____ republicans wanted to punish the south for rebelling against the union
a. radical b. conservative c. moderate d. copperhead |
a. radical
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the controversial ______ bill passed congress in 1864
a. wade- davis b. johnson- sumner c. sumner- stevens d. davis- stevens |
a. wade-davis
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the _____ amendment to the US constitution abolished slavery
a. 11 b. 12 c. 13 d. 15 |
c. 13
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the _____ restricted the rights of former slaves in the south in 1865
a. insurrection act b. black codes c. radical republicans d. african american church |
b. black codes
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the most important government agency to help ex-slaves during reconstruction was the
a. freedmans bureau b. interior department c. sanitary commission d. red cross |
a. freedmans bureau
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the fourteenth amendment to the US constitution
a. made the federal government responsible for enforcing equal rights b. abolished indentured servitude c. provided the vote to black men d. ended the civil war |
a. made the federal government responsible for enforcing equal rights
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former slaves acted in all of the following ways after the civil war except
a. they were reluctant to settle down for wages with former masters b. many walked around the south searching for better oppurtunities c. many engaged in contract labor and later became sharecroppers d. most blacks kept possession of small farms obtained from whites |
d. most blacks kept possession of small farms obtained from whites
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which of the following does not describe the education of ex-slaves in the south after the civil war?
a. one of the highest priorities of ex-slaves was education for their kids b. the freedmans bureau and missionary societies founded the first ex-slave schools c. most ex-slaves viewed segregated schooling as a bad idea d. the federal government made minimal efforts to integrate public schools in the south |
c. most ex-slaves viewed segregated schooling as a bad idea
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what right did the fifteenth amendment provide for the american people?
a. the vote for all men regardless of race or ethnicity b. free speech c. freedom of the press d. freedom from unlawful search and seizure |
a. the vote for all men regardless of race or ethnicity
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