History Exam 3

Front 1

_____ Tirailleurs served in West Africa and broader empire in 1890s. ___ in 1900, and _____ in 1910, and _____ in 1918

Back 1

3000, 8500, 12000, 170000

Front 2

Al-Hajj Umar Tal

Back 2

Attacked the French at Medine, on the Senegal River, then moved west. He died fighting Muslims on the middle Niger, succeeded by his son Ahmad al-Kabir

Front 3

Laptot

Back 3

Wolof word for Sailor

Front 4

Diomba

Back 4

Mande royal slave commanders, similar to the Mamluks of Egypt and ottoman Janissaries

Front 5

Charles Mangin

Back 5

La Force Noire 1910/ chief advocate for the French use of African soldiers in World War I.

Front 6

The French sent many sons of ______________________ to the école des otages.

Back 6

notables

Front 7

By the late nineteenth century, the predominant linguistic group in the Tirailleurs Senegalais was the ____________________, which belongs to the Mandé family of language.

Back 7

Dyula

Front 8

In When The Sleeper Wakes (1899) _______________________ speculated that by the year 2100 European governments would use black soldiers to quell civil disturbances in Europe.

Back 8

H.G. Wells

Front 9

Originaires’ was a term that referred to Africans who had obtained French ___________________

Back 9

citizenship

Front 10

Although the French used African soldiers as early as 1820, ________________________ conceived of the Tirailleurs Senegalais in 1854.

Back 10

Louis Faidhere

Front 11

_______________ was the African leader primarily responsible for the French recruiting efforts during World War I.

Back 11

Blaise Diagne/conscription as Blood Tax

Front 12

During WWI about ____________________ East Africans served the British and German militaries, mainly as laborers.

Back 12

1,000,000

Front 13

__________, whose maternal grandfather was al-Hajj Umar Tal (who fought the French during the invasion) was the only African subject to reach the rank of major in the French Army before World War II.

Back 13

Mademba

Front 14

Frederick Lugard, a British administrator in Uganda and Nigeria, elaborated the practice and ‘theory’ of __________________ in order to render colonial administration cheaper and more efficient.

Back 14

Indirect Rule

Front 15

In his autobiography ____________________ railed against the French use of African soldiers in World War I.

Back 15

Adolf Hitler

Front 16

________________ was embarrassed about the French reliance on African soldiers during WWII

Back 16

Charles de Gaulle

Front 17

The French practice of pulling West African soldiers from the front in winter was known as _____________________ .

Back 17

hivernage

Front 18

In 1944, a group of ex-POWs rebelled against their treatment by the French army at the ____________________ demobilization camp.

Back 18

Thiaroye

Front 19

Tirailleurs

Back 19

Established by Napoleon III, along with Senegalais, Ivoiren, Soudanais.

Front 20

Asante kingdom lost territory to the British under the ________

Back 20

Treaty of Fomona

Front 21

Samori Toure

Back 21

His forces clashed with the French on the upper Senegal River

Front 22

What year did ___ take control of Egypt?

Back 22

British; 1882

Front 23

Ahmad al-Kabir

Back 23

French occupied his base in 1890, base at Segu on Niger River, and Ahmad fled northward. Son of al-Hajj Umar

Front 24

How did Ethiopia retain independence?

Back 24

Adwa (Adowa) defeated Italian forces in 1896

Front 25

How did french gain control of Liberia?

Back 25

Defeated Samori Toure and sons in the mountains

Front 26

Villages de liberte

Back 26

settlements of ex-slaves and fugitives

Front 27

How did Europeans push Africans into wage labor or cash crops?

Back 27

Taxation

Front 28

____ concessionary companies dominated French Equatorial Africa in 1900

Back 28

41

Front 29

Marabout

Back 29

French deformation of a term for Muslim Scholar

Front 30

Assimilation originaire

Back 30

citizen of Four communes

Front 31

Association

Back 31

close political, economic, and social ties, but not French or a citizen

Front 32

die schwarze schande

Back 32

black shame, Mangin's Tenth Army in the Rhineland

Front 33

Whose sons served in WW1?

Back 33

Samori Toure

Front 34

In 1941, ____ attempted reconquest of _____.

Back 34

Ethiopia. 100K soldiers from South Africa, about 70k blacks. Several thousand British West African troops from Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone, along with small forces from Belgian Congo, Free French in Brazzaville, Rhodesia

Front 35

Number of Africans that served in WW2

Back 35

1,355,347

Front 36

Haile Selassie

Back 36

Emperor of Ethiopia, Rastafarian

Front 37

What significantly happened to Africans in 1943?

Back 37

German Afrika Korps is defeated; marking the end of war in North Africa

Front 38

In 1940, Africans comprised about _______ of the French Army in mainland France

Back 38

9%

Front 39

Captain Charles N'Tchorere (1896-1940)

Back 39

Black French military commander shot by Germans in WW2

Front 40

Until change in policy in September 1944, Africans comprised up to ______ percent of French army after allied invasion

Back 40

20

Front 41

_____________ Africans were killed while serving in French army in WW2

Back 41

20,000-25,000

Front 42

What are some roles of Africa in WW2?

Back 42

-N. Africa was a strategically important battleground
-Africa was a source of raw materials
-1.3 million Africans served in the war

Front 43

What's the importance of WW2 in African history?

Back 43

Fueled the anti-colonial and pro-independence movement within Africa, eventually leading to independent nations

Front 44

During the First World War (1914-18), the French recruited approximately _______ west Africans to fight their war in Europe

Back 44

150,000