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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proclamation Line of 1763 |
>Everything west of the Appalachian Mountains is given to the Indians >West of Appalachian Mountains, you have to go back across the Mountains >East cannot move West |
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Sugar Act |
(1764) England put a tax on sugar, buuuut the colonists really didn't care. |
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James Otis |
Lawyer in colonial Massachusetts, he was the guy who was all "Taxation without representation is tyranny". |
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"No taxation without representation" |
James Otis said this, but it stood for having a voice in the government |
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Stamp Act |
Stamps are put on just about everything in those days, and now you have to pay a tax for stamps. Stamps are put on birth certificates and without those stamps, you would be considered a bastard. Same thing with deaths, and the people back then were extremely superstitious. They taxed playing cards, dice, etc. Everything you can think of. |
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Sons of Liberty |
A group of people across every state that rebelled against the stamp act, killing the tax collectors and burning their homes. Eventually, the stamp act was repealed in 1766. |
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Boycott |
Abigail Adams was all 'to hell to england, we can do it ourselves', to refuse to buy an object or use a company |
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Declaration Act |
(1766) Basically said 'we declare we cant tax you anytime and anywhere we want, we can do anything for our empire, you are our colony and you can do anything for us'. |
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Townshend Act |
(1767) Lord Townsend taxes paint, glass, lead, paper. So Boston was all 'lol no we'll make copper and pewter mugs'. |
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Boston Massacre |
(1770) The 'red coats' were walking through the streets and someone took a snowball and threw it at one of the soldiers. The snowball had a rock in it and it caused the soldier to bleed, so the soldiers started shooting at the people. |
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Boston Tea Party |
The colonists dressed up as Mohawk Indians and threw the tea overboard. |
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Intolerable Act (Coercive Acts)
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-They passed the Boston Port Act, which closed the Boston Port until the people paid for the tea they threw over. -Administration Justice Act: the colonists who committed a crime were sent back to England with a slap on the wrist -Massachusetts Government Act: town hall meetings were now declared illegal, it is also illegal to assemble and congregate with each other with more than five people, and they also send in more troops for the colonists to handle -Quebec Act: enlarged the boundaries of the Quebec state |
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Ticonderoga |
May 1775, the Americans (Ethan Allen and the Mountain Boys) stun the British and take over Ticonderoga |
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Ethan Allen |
Leader of the Green Mountain Boys and founder of the US Vermont |
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The Green Mountain Boys |
The group that captured everyone at Ticonderoga. They were rad. |
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Bunker Hill |
June 1775, there is a battle at Bunker Hill, the British attempt two times to take it but are repelled |
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"don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes" |
Colonel Prescott |
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American Strengths |
1. George Washington- when the first constitution comes together, they look for a leader and George Washington is just sitting there in a military uniform, so they picked him. 2. Home field advantage- we know where everything is, we know the land and all of it's crevices 3. People are fighting for their home, fighting for their liberty, fighting for their lives 4. Assistance of foreign people- France helps us after getting kicked out of North America 5. The Americans are also used to the frontier, used to hardship, been in North America for a long time- when people had to ration food or deal with the war, it wasn't a shock. They were used to it. And because of the Indians and having to fight, the Americans are used to firearms whereas the British people are less so 6. Guerrilla warfare |
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American Weaknesses |
1. Lack of Supplies- The Americans in the colonies had hand me downs from the previous wars, they always had sub-par materials 2. The Americans do not have a professionally trained army 3. Enlistments were for a short period or time and once the people were done, they could just walk away 4. No manufacturing in America, everything they got was from England (so cannons, balls, muskets were all shipped over) 5. Not everyone supported this war, you a third of the country who are patriots, a third who are loyalists, and a third of them fence sitters 6. Money 7. They had no navy |
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British Strengths |
1. They have a professional army 2. They have the world's biggest navy and the biggest army 3. They have a professionally trained officer core 4. Manufacturing - they have manufacturing supplies up and down the entire continent 5. They have the biggest economy at the time, so they are flushed with cash 6. The British can get mercenaries [professionally trained fighting men to help them] and these mercenaries are known as the 'Hessians' because they come from a state called 'Hesse', which is Prussian. They went to Prussia because the 'House of Hanover' is first cousins to Britain(...?) i dunno i missed that bit King George the I, II, and III are all princes of that country so they can get their home country's people The British monarchy is known as the Hanoverian Dynasty (..?) 7. They have loyalists supporting them in America |
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British Weaknesses |
1. Long supply route- Support from the homeland takes quite a while to get there 2. Not everyone in England is supporting this war (A future prime minister, Edmund Burke, says they make their money from trade and revenue, not from taxes) 3. They are in enemy territory, they are not used to this land or type of fighting 4. England does not understand the concept of guerrilla warfare 5. England has very powerful enemies that wants to help the colonists 6. This is a world war, the colonists are just a small blip on this map and Britain cannot put all of their resources on one battle zone 7. They simply underestimated the American resolve |
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Battle of Saratoga |
Turning battle of the war, America beats Britain. |
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Yorktown, Virginia |
General Lord Cornwallis is there- and he is literally surrounded, Green coming in from the South, Washington from the North, Rogers from the West and the French on the coast. The British were so unhappy with Cornwallis they sent him to India. |
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The Articles of Confederation |
The Colonists come together during the war to figure out government. At the beginning they only have Congress, no Executive, no Judicial, no way to raise taxes, nine out of thirteen have to agree for something to be considered, if any changes are going to come to legislation all states must agree
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Shays Rebellion |
So Danial Shays was out fighting at war and then when he came back, the state was like 'we're going to take your farm' and Shays was all 'oh hell no' so they burned down the courthouse, which had all the records in it. oops. |
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Ordinance of 1785 |
The country wanted to raise the revenue so they sold all the land where the English inhabited for an acre for a dollar |
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Ordinance of 1787 (Northwest Ordinance)
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-Slavery shall not exist in the area of the Northwest Territories -every sixteenth acre that is sold has to have a little red schoolhouse so that everyone could go to school -freedom of speech -freedom of the press -trial by jury -when an area has 5,000 adult male individuals, you can form a constituent assembly, which means you create a constitution for the area. when there is 60,000 men, women, and children, you could be a state. |
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The Bill of Rights: (The first ten amendments)
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1. Freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, right to assemble, petition for redress of wrongs 2. The right to a well regulated militia, right to bear arms 3. Quartering act; soldiers will not be in your home without your expression 4. Search and seizure; your home is safe, your property is safe, your papers are safe unless they have a warrant to search your property, they can't do it 5. Double Jeopardy; you cannot be held liable in a capital crime for murder twice in one case, Property; your property cannot be taken away from you without adequate compensation for it, You cannot be forced to be a witness against yourself 6. Speedy Trial 7. Trial by jury of your peers (your equals) 8. No cruel or unusual punishment, no excessive or high bail 9. You have rights other than this list, you have the freedom 10. All power not given to the government is given to the states |
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Thomas Hutchinson |
Governor of Massachusetts, accused of supporting the stamp act so they burned his house down and removed him from government. |
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Stamp Congress Congress |
"No taxation without representation!" - the colonists were going to do something about the stamp and sugar act, so they came together and decided what to do about it. |
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First Continental Congress |
Last thing that happened before the Revolution, everyone came together to discuss what they wanted to do about the government in response to the Intolerable Acts. |
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Patrick Henry |
"Give me liberty or give me death!" |
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Second Continental Congress |
The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the summer of 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met between September 5, 1774 and October 26, 1774, also in Philadelphia. The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. By raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States.[1] When the Second Continental Congress came together on May 10, 1775 it was, in effect, a reconvening of the First Continental Congress. Many of the same 56 delegates who attended the first meeting were in attendance at the second, and the delegates appointed the same president (Peyton Randolph) and secretary (Charles Thomson).[2] Notable new arrivals included Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and John Hancock of Massachusetts. Within two weeks, Randolph was summoned back to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses; he was replaced in the Virginia delegation by Thomas Jefferson, who arrived several weeks later. Henry Middleton was elected as president to replace Randolph, but he declined. Hancock was elected president on May 24.[3] |
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Hessians |
Soldiers the British employed Hesse |
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Thomas Paine |
Wrote Common Sense |
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Richard Henry Lee |
Richard Henry Lee (January 20, 1732 – June 19, 1794) was an American statesman from Virginia best known for the motion in the Second Continental Congress calling for the colonies' independence from Great Britain. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and his famous resolution of June 1776 led to the United States Declaration of Independence, which Lee signed. He also served a one-year term as the President of the Continental Congress, and was a United States Senator from Virginia from 1789 to 1792, serving during part of that time as one of the first Presidents pro tempore. |
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Declaration of Independence |
The Declaration of Independence is the usual name of a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead they formed a new nation—the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was unanimously approved on July 2. A committee of fivehad already drafted the formal declaration, to be ready when Congress voted on independence. The term "Declaration of Independence" is not used in the document itself. Adams persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document,[3] which Congress would edit to produce the final version. The Declaration was ultimately a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 todeclare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The national birthday, Independence Day, is celebrated on July 4, although Adams wanted July 2 |
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Thomas Jefferson |
Thomas Jefferson (April 13 [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of theDeclaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). He was a spokesman fordemocracy, and embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of the individual with worldwide influence. At the beginning of the American Revolution, he served in the Continental Congress, representing Virginia, and then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781). In May 1785, he became the United States Minister to France and later the first United States Secretary of State (1790–1793) serving under President George Washington. In opposition to Alexander Hamilton'sFederalism, Jefferson and his close friend, James Madison, organized the Democratic-Republican Party, and later resigned from Washington's cabinet. Elected Vice President in 1796, Jefferson opposed Adams, and with Madison secretly wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which attempted to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts. |
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George Washington |
the first President of the United States (1789–1797), the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.[3] He presided over the convention that drafted the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation and remains the supreme law of the land. Washington was elected president as the unanimous choice of the electors in the elections of both 1788–1789 and 1792.[4] He oversaw the creation of a strong, well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the wars raging in Europe, suppressed rebellion, and won acceptance among Americans of all types.[5] Washington established many forms in government still used today, such as the cabinet system and inaugural address.[6][7] His retirement after two terms and the peaceful transition from his presidency to that of John Adams established a tradition that continued up until Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to a third term.[8] Washington has been widely hailed as "father of his country" even during his lifetime |
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Battle of Trenton |
The Battle of Trenton took place on the morning of December 26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, after General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton, New Jersey. The hazardous crossing in adverse weather made it possible for Washington to lead the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian soldiers garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, nearly the entire Hessian force was captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired reenlistments. The Continental Army had previously suffered several defeats in New York and had been forced to retreat through New Jersey to Pennsylvania. Morale in the army was low; to end the year on a positive note, George Washington—Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army—devised a plan to cross the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26 and surround the Hessian garrison. Because the river was icy and the weather severe, the crossing proved dangerous. Two detachments were unable to cross the river, leaving Washington with only 2,400 men under his command in the assault. The army marched 9 miles (14 km) south to Trenton. The Hessians had lowered their guard, thinking they were safe from the American army, and had no long-distance outposts or patrols. Washington's forces caught them off guard and, after a short but fierce resistance, most of the Hessians surrendered. Almost two thirds of the 1,500-man garrison was captured, and only a few troops escaped acrossAssunpink Creek. Despite the battle's small numbers, the American victory inspired rebels in the colonies. With the success of the revolution in doubt a week earlier, the army had seemed on the verge of collapse. The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to serve longer and attracted new recruits to the ranks. |
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Battle of Princeton |
The Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777) was a battle in which General George Washington's revolutionary forces defeated British forces near Princeton, New Jersey. On the night of January 2, 1777 George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek in Trenton. That night, he evacuated his position, circled around General Lord Cornwallis' army, and went to attack the British garrison at Princeton. Brigadier General Hugh Mercer of the Continental Army, clashed with two regiments under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood of the British Army. Mercer and his troops were overrun and Washington sent some militia under Brigadier General John Cadwalader to help him. The militia, on seeing the flight of Mercer's men, also began to flee. Washington rode up with reinforcements and rallied the fleeing militia. He then led the attack on Mawhood's troops, driving them back. Mawhood gave the order to retreat and most of the troops tried to flee to Cornwallis in Trenton. In Princeton itself, Brigadier General John Sullivan encouraged some British troops who had taken refuge in Nassau Hall to surrender, ending the battle. After the battle, Washington moved his army to Morristown, and with their third defeat in 10 days, the British evacuated southern New Jersey. With the victory at Princeton, morale rose in the ranks and more men began to enlist in the army. The battle (while considered minor by British standards)[9][10] was the last major action of Washington's winter New Jersey campaign |
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Valley Forge |
Valley Forge in Pennsylvania was the site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 during the American Revolutionary War. It is approximately 20 miles northwest of Philadelphia.[1] Starvation, disease, malnutrition, and exposure killed nearly 2,500 American soldiers by the end of February 1778.[2] With winter almost setting in, and with the prospects for campaigning greatly diminishing, General George Washington sought quarters for his men. Washington and his troops had fought what was to be the last major engagement of 1777 at the Battle of White Marsh (or Edge Hill) in early December. He devised to pull his troops from their present encampment in the White Marsh area (now Fort Washington State Park) and move to a more secure location for the coming winter. |
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Baron Friedrich von Steuben |
Friedrich Wilhelm August Heinrich Ferdinand Steuben (born Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben; September 17, 1730 – November 28, 1794), also referred to as the Baron von Steuben (fon shtoy' bin), was aPrussian-born military officer who served as inspector general and Major General of the Continental Army during theAmerican Revolutionary War. He is credited with being one of the fathers of the Continental Army in teaching them the essentials of military drills, tactics, and disciplines.[1] He wrote Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States, the book that served as the standard United States drill manual until the War of 1812. He served as GeneralGeorge Washington's chief of staff in the final years of the war. |
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John Paul Jones |
John Paul Jones (July 6, 1747 – July 18, 1792) was a Scottish sailor and the United States' first well-known naval fighter in the American Revolutionary War. Although he made enemies among America's political elites, his actions in British waters during the Revolution earned him an international reputation which persists to this day. As such he is sometimes referred to as the "Father of the United States Navy" (an epithet he shares with John Barry). He later served in the Imperial Russian Navy. |
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Treaty of Paris |
The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on 3 September 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. It, along with the separate peace treaties between Great Britain and the nations that supported the American cause: France, Spain and the Dutch Republic, are known collectively as thePeace of Paris.[2][3] Its territorial provisions were "exceedingly generous" to the United States in terms of enlarged boundaries |
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Foreign Aid to Colonists |
During the Revolutionary war, the French decided to join in with the Colonists to settle ties they had with the British |
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Great Compromise |
The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during theConstitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained thebicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. Each state would have two representatives in the upper house. |
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3/5ths Compromise |
The Three-Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. The debate was over if, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state's total population for constitutional purposes. The issue was important, as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years, and to determine what percentage of the nation's direct tax burden the state would have to bear. The compromise was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman |
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Accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation |
>Kept the 13 states together >The Land Ordinance of 1785 >Northwest Ordinance >Territory to a State by population
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Commerce Compromise |
Northern interests wanted the government to be able to impose tariffs on goods in order to protect against foreign competition. However, the Southern states feared that tariffs on their goods would hurt the trade upon which they heavily relied. The compromise was for imports to be only allowed on imports from foreign countries and not exports from the US |
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Preamble |
The preamble is the introduction to the Constitution. It outlines the general goals of the framers: to create a just government and to ensure peace, an adequate national defense and a healthy, free nation. With its first three words, “We the People,” the preamble emphasizes that the nation is to be ruled by the people - not a king or a dictator, not the president, Supreme Court justices, members of Congress or state legislators. |
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Separation of the Powers |
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle,[1] is a model for the governance of a state (or who controls the state). The model was first developed in ancient Greece. Under this model, the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches. The typical division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in a parliamentary system where the executive and legislature (and sometimes parts of the judiciary) are unified |
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Legislation Branch |
Established by Article I of the Constitution, the Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress. The Constitution grants Congress the sole authority to enact legislation and declare war, the right to confirm or reject many Presidential appointments, and substantial investigative powers. |
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House of Representatives |
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the United States Congress (a bicameral legislature). It is frequently referred to as The House. The other house is the Senate. The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the United States Constitution. The major power of the House is to pass federal legislation that affects the entire country, although its bills must also be passed by the Senate and further agreed to by the U.S. President before becoming law (unless both the House and Senate re-pass the legislation with a two-thirds majority in each chamber). The House has some exclusive powers: the power to initiate revenue bills,[1] to impeach officials (impeached officials are subsequently tried in the Senate),[2] and to elect the U.S. President in case there is no majority in theElectoral College |
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Senate |
The United States Senate is a legislative chamber in the bicameral legislature of the United States of America, and together with the U.S. House of Representatives makes up the U.S. Congress. First convened in 1789, the composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution.[1] Each U.S. state is represented by two senators, regardless of population, who serve staggered six-year terms. The chamber of the United States Senate is located in the north wing of the Capitol, inWashington, D.C., the national capital. The House of Representatives convenes in the south wing of the same building. The Senate has several exclusive powers not granted to the House, including consenting to treaties as a precondition to theirratification and consenting to or confirming appointments of Cabinet secretaries, federal judges, other federal executive officials,military officers, regulatory officials, ambassadors, and other federal uniformed officers,[2][3] as well as trial of federal officialsimpeached by the House. The Senate is widely considered to be both a more deliberative[4] and more prestigious[5][6][7] body than the House of Representatives, due to its longer terms, smaller size, and statewide constituencies, which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere. |
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Executive Branch |
The power of the Executive Branch is vested in the President of the United States, who also acts as head of state and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. The President is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws written by Congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Cabinet. The Vice President is also part of the Executive Branch, ready to assume the Presidency should the need arise. The Cabinet and independent federal agencies are responsible for the day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws. These departments and agencies have missions and responsibilities as widely divergent as those of the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency, the Social Security Administration and the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
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Cabinet |
The tradition of the Cabinet dates back to the beginnings of the Presidency itself. Established in Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, the Cabinet's role is to advise the President on any subject he may require relating to the duties of each member's respective office. The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments — the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General. |
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Judicial Branch |
The judicial branch oversees the court system of the U.S. Through court cases, the judicial branch explains the meaning of the Constitution and laws passed by Congress. The Supreme Court is the head of the judicial branch. Unlike a criminal court, the Supreme Court rules whether something is constitutional or unconstitutional—whether or not it is permitted under the Constitution. On the Supreme Court there are nine justices, or judges: eight associate justices and one chief justice. The judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate. They have no term limits. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land. Its decisions are final, and no other court can overrule those decisions. Decisions of the Supreme Court set precedents—new ways of interpreting the law. |
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Lengths of Terms |
Senators: 6 yrs Representatives: 2 yrs President/Vice President: 4 yrs |
