History Exam 2 - 2009

Front 1

salutary neglect

Back 1

when the British used to avoid strict enforcement of parliamentary laws

Front 2

proclamation of 1763

Back 2

enacted by British parliament; said there would be no land grants settlement beyond the Appalachian mountains; done to better control people (it's easier to tax people who are closer together) and for financial reasons (they wanted to sell the land past the Appalachians and take the money)

Front 3

Stamp Act Congress

Back 3

Oct 1765; colonies went to meet in NY; they write a petition to the king and they reject British argument of virtual representation

Front 4

virtual representation

Back 4

members of parliament represent all British citizens all over the world

Front 5

townsend acts

Back 5

1767; tax on paper, paint, grass, and tea; creates an English customs board (customs officers in America will be replaced by British)

Front 6

committees of correspondence

Back 6

leaders of different colonies become pen-pals

Front 7

east india co.

Back 7

has monopoly in India and has backlog of tea and is about to go bankrupt; gets special permission from the Tea Act to trade directly with American colonies

Front 8

Lexington and Concord

Back 8

starts the Revolutionary war; no one wins but British have 40% casualties

Front 9

common sense

Back 9

pamphlet by Thomas Paine; asks "does it make sense for an island to rule a continent?"

Front 10

benedict arnold

Back 10

stops the British army who tries to come down from Canada into America with Horatio Gates at Saratoga

Front 11

articles of confederation

Back 11

first national government; very weak; basically created 13 independent states; one-house congress elected annually; can't tax or make economic decision; only has one major accomplishment (congress passed land ordinance of 1785 - survey lands out west and splits it up into homesteads or townships)

Front 12

NW ordinance of 1787 (aka land ordinance of 1787)

Back 12

says that 3-5 official territories will be created in that NW section and will be given official status and government appointed by Congress (1 governor, secretary, 3 judges); when population reaches 5,000 they can elect legislature; when it reaches 60,000 they can write state constitution and submit it to congress and apply for statehood

Front 13

virginia plan

Back 13

created by James Madison when the colonies' leaders came together to fix the articles of confederation; favored big states

Front 14

great compromise

Back 14

the virginia plan and the NJ plan were combined; had a president, congress, judicial system, etc; the constitution was created

Front 15

Bill of Rights

Back 15

written to help the constitution gain support

Front 16

John Jay

Back 16

was sent by george washington to british to compromise with British king; comes back with Jay's Treaty which said that the British rejected US neutral rights and that they want the money they were owed back; they also wanted the US to leave the NW territory for canada and then they'd allow them to trade with british colonies in the Caribbean; congress is outraged

Front 17

XYZ affair

Back 17

X, Y, and Z were the three frenchman who asked for the bribe from americans when the americans wanted to compromise with french

Front 18

alien and sedition acts

Back 18

make it a crime to speak against the government; close anti-government newspaper; can deport french citizen without trial; 14 years before you can apply for citizenship

Front 19

midnight appointments

Back 19

adam stays up at the end of his presidency appointing as many federalists as he can to supreme court after its expanded; he makes John Marshall Chief Justice (justices are appointed for life)

Front 20

Olive Branch Petition

Back 20

before the dec of ind; the 2nd cont. congress writes this document and send it to king george

Front 21

declaration of independence

Back 21

cont congress give thomas jefferson permission to write this document which was signed on July 4, 1776