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181 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The war of Kings & Queens spanned what years? AND Where was it fought?
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--1689 - 1714
--New World |
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What is a Ranger?
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Someone who ranges in front of the Red Coats
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What ended the war of Kings & Queens?
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--Lack of money
--Lack of man power |
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The second war between England & France spanned what years?
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1756 - 1763
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What was the French name for the war in 1756? AND The English name?
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--7 years war
--French and Indian war |
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Where was the war in 1756 fought?
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American northwest
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Who is William Pitt the elder? AND His son William Pitt?
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Both were Primeminister of England
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What two men were the new generation of English commanders during the war in 1756?
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--Jeffery Amherst
--General Wolfe |
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General Wolfe won what?
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--The battle of Quebec
--1758 |
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The French destroyed English ships on the way to fight the war of 1756. (T/F)
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False; English destroyed French ships
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Treaty of Paris 1763
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French ask English to end war
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Who was the father of Economics? AND What book did he write?
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--Adam Smith
--First book on economics "The Wealth of Nations" |
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What two things do the Colonies owe the Mother country?
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--Natural Resources; Tobacco, lumber
--Act as market for sale of products |
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What did the colonies learn from 5 generations of independence from England?
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Self government
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What two things does the Mother country owe the Colonies?
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--National Defense; no matter the cost
--Line of Communication |
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The Merchantile system is only interested in what?
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Money
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What two islands did the English give back to the French?
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The Sugar Islands
--Guadalupe --Martinique |
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What did the English mean by Continentalism?
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England as a posessor of entire North American continent
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What was #1 in the Navigation Acts of 1660s?
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--75% of crew had to be English or colonial
--25% foreign |
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What was #2 in the Navigation Acts of 1660s?
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--Enumerated list of commodities
--Only the English could get these commodities |
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What types of things were on the Enumerated list of Commodities?
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--Tobacco
--Strategic goods; 100 ft. pine trees (Ship main mast), Sap from pine trees (Superglue) |
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What was #3 in the Navigation Acts of 1660s?
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Duties - small specialized tax on goods in transit
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What was #4 in the Navigation Acts of 1660s?
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No direct shipment of European goods
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What does #4 of the Navigation Acts of 1660s produce?
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Smuggling; it becomes the American way of life
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What do the Navigation Acts of the 1690s represent?
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The long lost punishment provisions
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What are the 3 types of colonies?
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--Company colonies
--Proprieter colonies --Royal Colonies |
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What is a Company colony?
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Colony given to a company
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What is a Proprieter Colony?
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Colony given to an individual; ex: Marysland, named after Queen Mary from England, and Pennsylvania, William Pen
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Who was required to enforce the Navigation Acts of 1690s?
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All Royal Governers
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What is a Royal Colony?
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--Owned by King or Queen of England
--Very important land ie. New York harbor |
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Who controlled Royal colonies?
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Royal Governers
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All 13 colonies became Royal colonies in what year?
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1710
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What the Admiralty Courts designed for?
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Crimes that took place on a long voyage
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The Admiralty Courts authorized what?
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Captians of the ships to punish people
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Military courts were afraid to find colonial smugglers guilty. (T/F)
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False; They were NOT afraid to find them guilty
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Military court sent over what from England?
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Customs inspectors
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What authority were the Customs inspectors given?
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--Power of search & seizure
--Power of detention --Right to leathal force |
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What powerful weapon did customs bring w/ them?
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Writ of Assistance
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What is the Writ of Assistance?
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Search warrant w/ no boundries
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What were the Sugar Acts a modification of?
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Navigation Acts
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What year was the Sugar Act put into place?
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1764
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What was Englands intention when they implemented the Sugar Act of 1764?
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Catch Smugglers
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Molases Act of 1740
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--Raised tariff on molases (2-3 cents a gallon
--Only cost 1 cent a gallon when smuggled |
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The Sugar Act of 1764 did what to sugar?
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Placed it on the enumerated list
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The Sugar Act of 1764 withdrew the Admiralty courts. (T/F)
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True
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Harbor master
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--Sugar Act of 1764
--Clocked ships in and out of the harbor |
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Who counted every box and every barrel in the Sugar Act of 1764?
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Customs officers
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What were the punishment provisions for the Sugar Act of 1764?
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Any infraction or missing papers resulted in seizure of all cargo AND the ship
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What was the Colonist reaction to the Sugar Act of 1764?
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Began writing Newspapers to communicate w/ eachother
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What were two of the major reasons for the Revolutionary war?
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--Sugar Act of 1764
--Lack of representation |
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Real Representation
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Locals representing the local economy
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Virtual Representation
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Representative of town goes to parliament
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What was the turning point for the coming of the Revolutionary war?
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Stamp Act of 1765; Taxes in America
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What was the Stamp Act of 1765?
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Direct taxes on colonists
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What taxes did the Stamp Act of 1765 produce?
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General tax, sheet of stamps, glass, lead, paper, leagle docs, playing cards, liquor
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What helped reshape the view of the world?
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--Math (Arabs)
--Astronomy (India) |
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Before science everything was based on faith. (T/F)
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True
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John Locke dedicates himself to what?
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Empiricism and political science; which are the building blocks of what we have today
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What are the Two Treaties on Government?
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--2 essays
--2nd on taxes |
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Who wrote the Two Treaties on Government?
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John Locke
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John Locke said, "Taxes represent _______ in the colonies?"
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Tyranny
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Organized violence spread throughout the 13 colonies in what year?
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1765
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What three criteria must one meet to be a terrorist?
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--Operate in secret
--Violent --Operating against political order |
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Sam Adams is from what city?
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Boston
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Who is Sam Adams older cousin?
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John Adams (2nd President)
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Who creates the Sons of Liberty?
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Sam Adams
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What are the Sons of Liberty?
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Rioter / terrorists who hate British authority
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Where was the central location for the Colony wide meetings?
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Philidelphia
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What were Colony wide meetings for?
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Discuss Colonial reaction to the English
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Why was Philidelphia the location for the Colony wide meetings?
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--Central location
--Good transportation system --Well developed ports |
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What type of people lived in the North around 1765?
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Non-Professional Politicians
--Farmers, merchants, bankers, preachers, etc. |
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What type of people lived in the South around 1765?
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Aristocratic Elites
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What is the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?
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A letter to English Parliament produced in the 1st colony wide meeting; Parliament completly ignores it
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What was included in the Stamp Act Congress of 1765
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-Colonies dont want 2 seperate
--Duties are OK --2 things the colonies refuse to accept |
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What are the two things the colonies refuse to accept as stated in the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?
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--Admiralty Courts
--Never accept direct taxes |
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Who becomes the new chancellor after the King fires Grenville?
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Marquis of Rockingham
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Marquis of Rockingham
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--New chancellor
--Voids Stamp Act (Declatory Act of 1766) --Fired in 1766 |
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What is the Declatory Act of 1766?
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Voids Stamp Act
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Who became the new chancellor after Marquis of Rockingham?
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William Pitt
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What disease does William Pitt have?
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Gout
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Who is William Pitts assistant? AND What was his job?
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--Charles Townsend
--Placed in charge of the 13 colonies |
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What are the Townsend Acts?
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--Duties placed on: Lead, glass, paper, leagle docs, and playing cards (Same items from the Stamp Act)
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What was the Boycott of 1767? AND Who started it?
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--Stop buying English goods
--Abigale Adams |
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Why did women in all 13 colonies switch to home-spun clothes instead of buying English clothes?
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Boycott of 1767
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Why does England boycott the 13 colonies?
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The 13 colonies boycotted them
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Who supervises the customs in the 13 colonies prior to direct supervision?
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Supervised from England
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Customs supervisors go to the 13 colonies to directly supervise the colonies and divides into what 2 divisions?
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--Northern division
--Southern division |
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Why were the Customs supervisors slacking?
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They arent paid enough
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Why did the customs officers feel they werent being paid enough?
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Customs officers are being killed in all 13 colonies
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Colonists are being supervised for the first time in 80 yrs by who?
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Customs officers
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In 1767 &1768 how was the money from busts that English Customs officers made, divided up?
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--1/3 Treasury of England
--1/3 Pockets of Royal Govt. --1/3 Pockets of Customs officers that made the bust |
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Why did Customs officers begin to falsify information when confiscateing contraban?
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Because 1/3 of the money from the bust went to them
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Who is Henry Laurens?
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--So. Carolina plantation owner
--Richest man in 13 colonies --Right wing Conservative |
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How did Henry Laurens become the richest man in the 13 colonies?
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--Diversified his plantation
--Built iron factory --Buys own ship (transp.) |
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How did Henry Laurens make money w/ the ship he bought?
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--Transp others tobacco to England
--Pick up common goods from England and bring them back |
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What happens to Henry Laurens in 1769 & 70?
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--Looses 2 ships
--1st lost customs papers --2nd captian had brandy under his bed (smuggling) |
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Who defended the English soilders involved in the Boston Masacre?
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John Adams (Greatest Patriot)
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Why did John Adams believe in defending the English soilders involved in the Boston Masacre?
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--Key component to democracy is justice system
--" To deny justice to one, will eventually deny justice to all" |
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The English soilders involved in the Boston Masacre were put to death. (T/F)
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False; They were defended by John Adams and got off on trial for self defense
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Which English Chancellor represented Englands last real chance to avoid the Revolutionary war?
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Lord North (Aristocrat)
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Who withdraws the 5 bogus duties on cards, tobacco, etc.?
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Lord North
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Why does Lord North leave the 6th duty on tea, in place?
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Symbol of English power and control
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Who helps to diffuse the situation and stop the boycotts?
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Lord North
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What were the three companies sponsored by the English government?
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--West India Co.
--Hudson Bay Co. --East India Co. |
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King George III grants what government sponsored company a monopoly on tea?
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East India Company
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What was the last step in the coming of the Revolution?
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Tea Act of 1773
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What does the Tea Act produce from the colonies?
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--Boycotts start again
--Protests (desperate radicals) --Boston Tea Party (Sons of Liberty) |
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When did the Boston Tea Party take place?
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Fall of 1773
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What happened at the Boston Tea Party?
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--Sons of Liberty in Boston
--Dressed up as Indians --Emptied 2 boats of tea into the harbor |
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Who was most upset about the Boston Tea Party?
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Lord North
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What punishments were set in place by Lord North and Parliament, due to the Boston Tea Party?
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--Coersive Acts / Intolerable Acts
--Boston Port Closure Act |
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What was the Colonial name for the Intolerable Acts?
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Coersive Act
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What was the English name for the Coersive Act?
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Intolerable Act
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What Act was the Boston Port Closure Act a provision of?
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Intolerable Act / Coersive Act
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What was the Boston Port Closure Act?
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--English ships block harbor
--Boston governed by one Royal man (Bernard) |
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What happens to Boston due to the Boston Port Closure Act?
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--Poverty & hunger
--economic depression / unemployeement |
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How did Boston get food and other essentials while the Port was closed?
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Other colonies
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How long did Boston Harbor stay closed?
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2 years until the Revolutionary War
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What year was the Second Colony wide meeting?
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1774
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What did the Second Colony wide meeting produce?
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1st Continental Congress
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What did they decide at the 1st Continental Congress?
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--Parliament cant pass laws
--Only duties w/o consent --"Basically declares independence" |
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Who was a symbol of Englands last real chance to avoid war?
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Major General Gage (British)
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What is the siginificance of Major General Gage?
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--Runs Boston
--Writes letter to friend in Parliament |
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What did Major General Gage include in the letter to his friend in Parliament?
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--2 suggestions
-Give colonists real representation OR Send 25,000 troops |
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When does the Revolutionary War begin?
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Spring of 1776
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Who does England blame for the Revolutionary War?
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Major General Gage
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Writs of Assistance
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Revenue officers can seize any smuggled goods
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Coercive / Intolerable Acts
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Four Parliamentary measures passed in reaction to the Boston Tea Party
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Stamp Act
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Taxed: Glass, lead, paper, leagle docs, playing cards, and tea
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Proclamation of 1763
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Prohibited settlement West of the Appalachian Mountians
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Grenville Acts
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--Sugar Act
--Currency Act --Stamp Act |
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Navigation Acts
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To control Colonial trade and strengthen the Mercantile System
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Townsend Duties
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Taxed: Glass , lead, paint, paper, tea (Basically same as Stamp Act)
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Sugar Act
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Revenue Act of 1764
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Declaratory Act
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England can pass ANY laws to regulate the colonies
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1770
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Boston Masacre
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1765
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Stamp Act Congress
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1763
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1st Treaty of Paris
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1783
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2nd Treaty of Paris
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1775
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2nd Continental Congress
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1774
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--Intolerable / Coersive Acts
--1st Continental Congress |
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1787
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Constitutional Convention
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Ethan Allen
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Green Mountian Men
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Patrick Henry
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"Give me liberty, or give me death"
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Sam Adams
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Formed Sons of Liberty
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John Hancock
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His ship Liberty was seized by the British
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Horatio Gates
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General at Battle of Saratoga
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John Adams
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Defended the British soilders involved in the Boston Masacre
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1660
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Navigation Acts
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1689 - 1714
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War of Kings & Queens
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1690
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--Navigation Acts (provisions)
-Customs officers -Writ of Assistance -Admirilty Court |
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1754
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--French & Indian war / 7 yrs war; Starts in New World and goes to Europe
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1763
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--1st Treaty of Paris
--Proclamation line (no settlements past Appalachians) |
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1764
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Sugar Act
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1765
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--Stamp Act
--Colonial violence --1st colony wide meeting (Stamp Act Congress) |
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1766
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--British repeal Stamp Act
--English Declatory Act (England can pass Any laws) |
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1767
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Charles Townsend Duties (Same items as Stamp Act but adds tea)
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1770
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Boston Masacre; March 5th five people shot dead
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1773
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Tea Act (Gives East India Tea Co. a monopoly)
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1774
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--Coersive / Intolerable Acts
--2nd Colony wide meeting --1st Continental Congress --Boston Harbor Closure |
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1775
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--Lexington & Concord (April)
--2nd Continental Congress --Battle @ Bunker Hill |
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1776
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Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson)
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1781
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Battle of Yorktown (Last battle of the war)
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1783
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--Official end of war
--2nd treaty of Paris (Recognizes America as a free and independent country) |
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Boston Massacre
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March 5th 1770; Clash between British soldiers and a Boston mob in which 5 colonists were killed. The first man killed was a black sailor named Crispus Attucks
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Boston Tea Party
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Dec. 16th 1773; Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act of 1773
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Tea Act
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1773; British exported millions of pounds of cheap but still taxed tea; undercutting smuggled prices forcing payment of the tea duty
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Coercive / Intolerable Acts
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1774; Four parliamentry measures in reaction to Boston Tea Party that forced payment for the tea; disallowed colonial trials of British soldiers; forced soldier quartering in homes; reduced # of elected officals in Mass.
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Continental Army
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Army authorized by the Continental Congress in 1775 to fight the British; Commanded by General George Washington
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Continental Congress
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Reps of colonies met first in Philadelphia in 1774 to formulate actions against British policy; The second CC 1775-1789 conducted the war ,adopted the Declaration of Independence, and the Articles of Confederation
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Declaration of Independence
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Doc adopted on July 4th, 1776 that made the break w/ England official; Drafted by a committee of the 2nd CC including principal writer Thomas Jefferson
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French & Indian War
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Known in Europe as the Seven years war; The last of four colonial wars fought between England & France for control of N. America east of the Mississippi River
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
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"The shot heard 'round the world" First shots fired in the Rev. war on Apr. 19th 1775, near Boston; Approx. 100 minutemen & 250 British soldiers were killed
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Loyalists
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Colonists who remained loyal to Great Britian during the war for Independence
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Navigation Acts
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1650-1775; Passed by the English Parliament to control colonial trade and bolster mercantile system; enforcement of the acts led to growing resentment by colonists
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Peace of Paris
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Signed on Sept. 3, 1783; The treaty ending the Revolutionary War and recognizing American Independence from Britain; also established the border between Canada & US; fixed western border at Miss. river and ceded Flordia to Spain
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Proclamation of 1763
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Royal directive issued after the French & Indian war prohibiting settlement west of the App. Mtns.; caused resentment among colonists hoping to move west
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Sons of Liberty
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Organizations formed by Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and other radicals in response to the Stamp Act
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Stamp Act
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1775; Parliament required that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, docs, and playing cards; Stamp Act Congress met to formulate a response and the Act was repealed the following year
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Sugar Act
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Revenue Act of 1764; Parliaments tax on refined sugar and many other colonial products
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Townsend Acts
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1767; Parliamentry measures that taxed tea, glass, paint, paper, lead, and established a Board of Customs Comissioners and colonial vice-admiralty courts
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