History Civil War

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Mexican Cession

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Missouri Compromise did not apply to= land from Mexican American war (CA, NV, UT, and parts of WY, CO, AR, NM)In exchange US paid 18 million. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848

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Missouri Compromise

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1820-Louisiana territory north of southern border=free, south=slave
Divided Union

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Wilmot Proviso

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David Wilmot proposed Congress ban slavery in new Mexican Cession-failed in senate

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Whigs

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Political Party. Some Whigs joined with some Democrats to form Free-Soil Party

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Free-Soil Party

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Antislavery Party- formed from whigs and Democrats- goal stop slavery from moving west

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Henry Clay

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Came up with Missouri Compromise (Great Compromiser) Came up with Compromise of 1850

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Compromise of 1850

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five bills, North- CA as free state+banned slave trade in Capital_ South-popular soverieghnty in rest of Mexican Cession+new fugitive law

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Fugitive Slave Act

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allowed special government officials to arrest any person accused of being runaway slave

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Uncle Tom's Cabin

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Writen by Harriet Beecher Stowe- showed inhumane side of slavery

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Kansas/Nebraska Act

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Forming 2 new territories-Kansas and Nebraska- to make railroad to Pacific from Illnois. Slavery decided by popular sovereighnty

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Dred Scott

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an enslaved person once owned by an Army doctor. With the help of antislavery lawyers, he sued for his freedom. His case reached the Supreme Court and was decided by Chief Justice Taney.

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Roger B. Taney

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Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court. Wrote the decision that Dred Scott was not a free man, because: 1)he was allowed to sue in federal court because he was an African American and thus not a citizen, and 2) Merely living in a free territory did not make a slave free. Slaves, he wrote, were property and property rights were protected by the Constitution.
Taney also wrote that the Missouri COmpromise was unconstitutional because Congress did not have power to prohibit slavery in any territory.

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Abraham Lincoln

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Illinois (Northern) Lawyer who spoke out against the Dred Scott decision. He argued that the idea that African Americans could not be citizens was based on a false view of American history. Lincoln became an important leader in the fight against slavery.

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Civil War

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A war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country.

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Border State

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Slave states that did not secede from the union

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Neutral

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Not favoring either side in the Civil War.

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Martial Law

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This is a type of rule in which the military is in charge and citizens' rights are suspended. For example, in Maryland, officials suspected of disloyalty were thrown in jail without a trial.

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Blockade

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A military action to prevent traffic from coming into or leaving an area. For example, Lincoln created blockades to keep manufactured goods from going into the South and to prevent the South from selling cotton to overseas countries (for money).

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Ironclad

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Warships covered with protective iron plates. Cannon balls bounced off this armor. Use of Ironclads market the end of wooden warships. Famous naval battle: Union's Monitor versus South's Merrimack fought in March 1862.

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George McClellan

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Union General appointed by Lincoln after the Union's defeat at Bull Run. A good organizer, but a very cautious General. He moved 100,000 men near Richmond (the South's capital), but stopped one month waiting for additional troops. This gave the South time to add reinforcements and allowed them to force McClellan to retreat.

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casualty

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he military's term for persons killed, wounded or missing in action.

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Ulysses S. Grant

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A Union General, famous for taking chances. The most successful of the Union Generals, fought the western battles and seized control of most of the Mississippi river. Fought and won the Battle of Shioh.