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32 Cards in this Set
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"5 Good Emperors”
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(100s) – a period in which Roman rulers used extreme moderation. Each of the emperors picked a successor.
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3rd century Crisis
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(200s) – near collapse of the Roman Empire. Ruled by over 35 generals.
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Arianism
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a “heretic” view of the Christian faith originated by Arius, which states that Jesus Christ and God were not of the same substance. Declared heretical at the First Council of Nicaea.
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Augustine of Hippo
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(300s-400s) – Was a priest of the Hippo church, before becoming the bishop. Lived by the monastic rule. Wrote “The City of God”.
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Boniface VIII
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(1300s) – As Pope, issued some of the most boldface claims to temporal and spiritual supremacy. Got into a quarrel with Philip of France.
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Canossa
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a castle located in Tuscany. Henry IV went to Canossa in 1077, and begged Pope Gregory VII to life the excommunication that had been placed on him.
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Charlemagne
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(800s) – king of the Franks. Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor. Known for starting a new renaissance in literature and art.
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Charles Martel
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(700s) – won the battle of tours, and stopped the Arabs from spreading Islam in Europe.
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Christine de Pisan
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(1400s) – French poet and one of the first women authors in Europe. Wrote “Dit de la rose”, a commentary to the Romance of the Roses.
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Concordat of Worms
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(1122) – an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Henry V. Ended the Investiture Controversy. Allowed for bribe-free elections of bishops, but allowed the Emperor to be present at elections, and invest those elected with their lay-rights.
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Council of Rheims
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selected Leo IX to be the next Pope. Dealt with bringing reforms to the church.
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Courtly love
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a formalized system of admiration and courtship directed at a member of the opposite sex, usually toward a person married to someone other than the admirer. Upper class.
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Diocletian
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(200s-300s) – Roman emperor. Ruled the Eastern half of the empire. Process of Tetrarchy began, and four emperors were in control of the Roman empire.
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Donation of Constantine
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(“320”) – fraudulent document which purported Pope Sylvester I and his successors sovereignty over Rome, Italy, and the entire Western Roman Empire. Popes used the document as reasoning to assert power over Italy in 1400s.
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Fourth Lateran
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(1213) – summoned by Pope Innocent III, who made over 70 decrees, including producer and punishment for heretics, papal order, and rules of conduct for the clergy.
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Gregory I
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(500s) – gave power to the position of Pope. Worked for understanding between Eastern and Western Europe. Sent Augustine to convert the Anglo-Saxons.
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Gregory VII
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(1000s) – Became Pope during the Investiture Conflict. Weakened his position by calling a excommunication on Henry, only to have him repent, and then excommunicated again.
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Henry II (of England)
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(1100s) – Saw the writing of the first legal textbook (“Common Law”). Became entangled with secular/church courts and Thomas Becket.
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Henry IV (of Germany)
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(1000s) – Began the Investiture Controversy, by insisting that secular rulers be allowed to pick clergymen. Was excommunicated from the church.
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Heresy
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religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church. i.e. Arianism.
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Humbert
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(900s) – first count of the House of Savoy. Supported the Emperor of Rome during the campaigns of Rudolph of Burgundy, and received land in return for his services.
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Leo IX
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(1000s) – Pope that saw reforms were needed in the Church. Went on a “tour” bringing together clergymen together, to discuss reforms, and to issue decrees.
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Merovingians
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(500s-800s) – a dynasty of Frankish kings. Kings appointed counts to settle disputes, which led to a feudal system.
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Pepin the Short
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(700s) – King of the Franks. Father of Charlemagne. Became king after gaining support from the papacy – repaid them by going to war with the Lombards.
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Philip II (of France)
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(1100s) – also referred to as Philip Augustus. Unified and consolidated France, and took Normandy from King John. Popular with the people.
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Philip IV (France)
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(1300s) – Took hefty taxes from the French clergy, which enraged the papacy. Created laws which forced clergy to pay, and limited the papacies powers in the nation.
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Robert Grosseteste
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(1200s) – Bishop of Lincoln.
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Romance of the Rose
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(1200s) – a scathing attack on women in late medieval culture.
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Paul
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(100s) – considered by many to be most important disciple of Jesus. Wrote a large portion of the New Testament.
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Scholasticism
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(1000s) – method of teaching and learning. For example, the Bible would be read, and then a commentary of it would be written based on the scholar’s viewpoints.
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Thomas Aquinas
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(1200s) - Catholic philosopher who gave birth to the Thomistic school of philosophy.
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Unam Sanctam
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(1300s) – a papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII. Declared that the Pope was the head of the church, and that every human was subject to the Church. Damaging to Boniface.
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