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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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three physical barriers that isolates China from the rest of the world
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Gobi desert
Himalaya Mountains Mongolian and Tibetan Plateau |
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Which side of China is the most favorable to live in and why
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East
bigger cities are here major rivers are here most rivers are here lower elevation fertile soil |
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what are dikes and canals used for
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to control flooding
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what are the three major rivers in china
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Huang He (Yellow)
Yangtze (Chang) Xi (west river) |
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Which river is nicknamed Chinas Sorrow or River of Sorrow
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Yellow river (Huang He)
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Shanghai (the biggest port of all) is on this river
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Chang (Yangtze)
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Three Gorges Dam
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controversial dam- If built it could provide great economical gain-- but it could destroy the natural flow and flooding of the Chang River and could force millions of people out of their homes
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what is so special about Han Chinese (the ethnic group)
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95% of the people in China are Han
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national language of China
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Mandarin
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what is the official name of China today
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People's Republic of China
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what is the job of most chinese people
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farmers
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population of China
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1.3 billion
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Capital of China
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Beijing
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Major drug of China
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heroin
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why is the yellow river yellow
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b/c it is full of silt-- also called Loess soil
when the loess soil floods over to the banks it fertilizes the soil for the farmers |
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what are the dangers of the yellow river
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it has a major devastating flood almost every 2 years-- these floods will obviously kill the corps and cause major destruction
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Dynasty
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a ruling family-- series of rulers from the same family
Dynastic rule was the main type of rule in ancient China |
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Who was believed to be the son of the heavens?
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the emperor
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Mandate of Heaven
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belief that if a ruler was following the mandate the ruler was good and good things would happen-- if not then bad things would happen and the ruler should be overthrown
MOH-- commands from heaven to the emperor |
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Dynastic Cycle
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the steps in a Dynasty-- its a continual process that provides the transition between one dynasty to another
1) New emperor gains power 2) Empire flourishes 3) Peak of the Empire 4) Empire begins to falter-- corruption-- revolts-- riots 5) Empire falls 6) New emperor takes power |
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Xia dynasty
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first dynasty- not sure it actually existed-- legendary dynasty
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Xiang Dynasty
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skilled with bronze
existed 4000 years ago The first dynasty we have archaeological proof of proof that it really existed agricultural revolution is during this time |
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Zhou Dynasty
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Civil war- the people were divided during this time period-- not united--
Confucius was during this time period- great philosopher |
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Qin Dynasty
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used Legalism
First dynasty to unite the Chinese people Shir Huangdi- when he died he had terra-cotta statues buried in his tomb to accompany him in heaven Great wall of China is built |
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Han Dynasty
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95% of the Chinese people today can trace their roots back to this dynasty
Sizemograph (could predict earthquakes) was invented-- bowl of water on the floor Implemented civil service exams- if you wanted a job in the government you had to pass a test (such as surviving in a cave for three days) |
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Tang and Song Dynasty
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GOLDEN AGE of China
Paper, Printing presses for books, Increased literacy |
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Yuwang Dynasty
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Ruled by Mongols not by the Chinese
Kublai Khan rules China through Beijing Marco Polo came to China from Europe and befriended Kublai Khan-- when Marco Polo went back to Europe he took with him goods from China-- THIS OPENED UP INTEREST IN EUROPE TO TRADE WITH CHINA |
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Silk Road
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Trade route to China
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Who were the two people that opened up European interest in trading with China
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Marco polo and Vaso De gama
Vasco-- found the sea route Marco- brought back the goods |
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Ming Dynasty
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Ming Vases-- extremely valuable
Culturally flourished |
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where does the yellow river start and end
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start- himalayas
End- Yellow sea |
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What two things happened that had a big effect on Chinas relationship with the west
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1) Qing Dynasty entered a long period of decline- the dynasty was weak and vulnerable
2) Industrial revolution in Europe- their army was becoming more powerful so they had the ability to take over China |
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Kowtow and Europe
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Europeans refused Kowtow (bowing to the emperor as a sign of respect) b/c they wanted equal trading rights- they wanted to be equal
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Opium War
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British began selling Opium to China
the opium got the chinese addicted to it and the trade hurt China's economy the opium war started when the CHinese destroyed a British opium ship the british won the war |
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Treaty of Nanjing
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ended the opium war
Emperor had to pay for the opium destroyed British gained the island of Hong Kong CHina was forced to open more ports for trading |
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Extraterritoriality
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westerners won this right-- if a westerner was accused of a crime in China they had the right to be tried in their own court instead of a Chinese court
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Spheres of Influence
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an area in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges such as rights to build railroads and factories
China was spilt into Spheres of Influence between the European nations |
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Sino Japanese war
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Japan expanded into China and adapted China's advanced technologies and modernized industries
then the Japanese declared war and they won since they were more technologically advanced The japanese won Taiwan in the end |
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Open Door policy
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Policy ordered that all nations have equal access to trade with China
Made by the US to protect their own trade with China and to make sure nobody in Europe would set up colonies in China |
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Taiping Rebellion
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most serious peasant uprising
Hurt the dynasty it took place in 14 years long-- millions killed |
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Guang Xi
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supported the Hundred Days of Reform (the effort to modernize China)
Issued laws to update civil service exam, westernize schools, and modernize |
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Ci Xi
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leader of the conservatives who opposed reformers (modernization)
believed that modernization will threaten the traditional Confucian order when she became empress she ended the influence of modern reforms encouraged the Boxers and Boxer rebellion |
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Boxer Rebellion
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Anti foreigner chinese people took action when a lot of foreigners came to China
They wanted to wipe all the foreigners off of China-- and were successful at it |
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Fists of Righteous Harmony
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Formed by the boxers (anti foreign chinese people)
wanted to expel all foreigners responsible for the deaths of hundreds Got defeated by an international army organized by Western powers |
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Revolution of 1911
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China declares itself a republic
ends the ancient system of imperial rule Civil war raged b/c government was unstable |
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Dr. Sun Yatsen
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president of the new republic
Organized the Nationalist party Made the Three principles of the People |
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Three principles of the People
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nationalism
Support democracy Ensure a decent life for all Chinese |
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Yuan Shikai
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forced Yatsen out of office
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Chiang Kai Shek
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appointed by Yatsen to command the nationalist army
Took over the nationalist party when Yatsen died |
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CCP
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Chinese communist party
worked with the nationalists to expel all foreigners Mao Zedong=leader |
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Long March
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Chiang (leader of nationalists) launched a campaign against Mao (leader of communists) and chased Mao for a very long time
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Who joined together to fight the japanese during WWI
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the nationalists and communists-- they won the war too
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Confucius
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Famous Chinese philosopher
Zhou Dynasty Made the Five Relationships Husband Wife Son Father Ruler Ruled Friend Friend younger brother Brother these relationships set the social standards that exist today |
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Yu the Great
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Legendary founder of the Xia dynasty
gained the position by stopping the flooding of the Yellow river |
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Daoism
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Ying and Yang
the belief that nature and man should live together in harmony-- the less rules there are in society the better- things should be left to function naturally |
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filial piety
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the duty and respect children owe their parents
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Analects
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the followers of Confucious recorded his teachings in the analects
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Lao Zi
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founder of daoism
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Qing (Manchu) dynasty
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Foreigners invade China
Spheres of Influence are created RULED BY FOREIGNERS- foreigners created strict ethnocentric rules-- like no marriage between Manchus and Chinese |
