History-Chapter Ten Vocabulary Part I

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Wilmot Proviso

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amendment to a bill put before the U.S. House of Representatives during the Mexican War; it provided an appropriation of $2 million to enable President Polk to negotiate a territorial settlement with Mexico.

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secession

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the withdrawal from the Union

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Compromise of 1850

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California, Utah and New Mexico would be closed from slavery forever

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omnibus bill

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legislative bill which provides for a number of miscellaneous enactments or appropriation

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Fugitive Slave Act

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provided southern slaveholders with legal weapons to capture slaves who had escaped to the free states.

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personal liberty laws

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forbade the imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed they would have jury trials

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vigilance comittees

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an organization of citizens using extralegal means to control or intimidate blacks and abolitionists and, during the Civil War, to suppress Union loyalists.

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Harriet Tubman

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most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad

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Underground Railroad

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A secret cooperative network that aided fugitive slaves in reaching sanctuary in the free states or in Canada in the years before the abolition of slavery in the United States.

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

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ardent abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin

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Uncle Tom's Cabin

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A novel, first published serially, by Harriet Beecher Stowe; it paints a grim picture of life under slavery.

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"Uncle Tom"

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often used as a term of reproach for a subservient black person who tolerates discrimination.

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Simon Legree

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the brutal slave dealer in Uncle Tom's Cabin.

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Horace Greeley

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an American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder of the Republican party, reformer and politician.

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Franklin Pierce

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14th president of the US

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American Party

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The antebellum American Party grew out of the Know Nothing movement and was based on nativism.
There were also

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nativism

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the policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants.

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Know-Nothing Party

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American party

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Liberty party

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the first antislavery political party, organized in 1839 and merged with the Free Soil party in 1848.

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Dred Scott v. Sanford

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ruled that people of African descent, whether or not they were slaves, could never be citizens of the United States, and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery

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Robert B. Taney

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supreme ct. justice during dred scott v. sanford

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chattel

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A chattel is treated as personal property rather than real property regardless of whether it is movable or immovable

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Lecompton Constitution

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The Lecompton Constitution was the second of four proposed constitutions for the state of Kansas

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

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series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, and Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat, for an Illinois seat in the United States Senate.

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A house divided against itself cannot stand

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From Abraham Lincoln's "House Divided" Speech

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Popular sovereignty

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the doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.

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Stephen A. Douglas

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ran against Lincoln in election of 1860

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"Little Giant"

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nickname for Abe Lincoln

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Millard Fillmore

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13th President of the United States (July, 1850-Mar., 1853),

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Kansas- Nebraska Act (1854)

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the act of Congress in 1854 annulling the Missouri Compromise, providing for the organization of the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and permitting these territories self-determination on the question of slavery.

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burned in effigy

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creating a model of a person and burning it

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"Bleeding Kansas"

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“Bleeding Kansas” was a term used by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune to describe the violent hostilities between pro and antislavery forces in the Kansas territory during the mid and late 1850s.

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John Brown

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American abolitionist. In 1859 Brown and 21 followers captured the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry as part of an effort to liberate Southern slaves. He was defeated, and Brown was hanged after a trial.

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Pottawatomie Massacre

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John Brown and a band of abolitionist settlers killed five pro-slavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas.

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Senator Charles Sumner

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U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, attacked the fugitive slave laws, denounced the Kansas-Nebraska Act, he was assaulted in the Senate chamber by Preston S. Brooks, Butler's nephew.

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Senator Andrew P. Butler

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Andrew Pickens Butler (November 18, 1796 – May 25, 1857) was an American statesman and one of the authors of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

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Congressman Preston S. Brooks

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A lawyer and the nephew of Senator Butler, the man who in 1856 caned Charles Sumner after Sumner had criticized Senator Butler.

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Free- Soil Party

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political party that came into existence in 1847-48 chiefly because of rising opposition to the extension of slavery into any of the territories newly acquired from Mexico.

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Republic Party

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Anti-slavery Whigs such as William Seward and Thurlow Weed were dominant in the new grouping.

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Hinton Rowan Helper

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American writer, b. Davie co., wrote The Impending Crisis of the South (1857), an attack on slavery, enraged the South.

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The Impending Crisis of the South

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written by Hinton Rowan Helper in 1857, condemns the institution of slavery

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James Buchanan

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fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861).

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John C. Fremont

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founded bear republic (republic of california)

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Freeport Doctrine

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the Freeport Doctrine alienated Southern Democrats, who preferred strict adherence to the Dred Scott decision regardless of personal views

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Panic of 1857

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a sudden downturn in the economy of the United States that occurred in 1857

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Harpers Ferry, VA raid

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the site of the famous abortive slave revolt of John Brown in 1859

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Confederate States of America

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the name of the government formed by eleven southern states of the United States of America between 1861 and 1865.

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Jefferson Davis

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president of the Confederacy