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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are products beginning to be made?
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In water powered factories
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What are people starting to do that contributes to the market economy?
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-Buy and sell goods
-Make/borrow money -Become wealthy |
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Define: market revolution
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the making, buying, and selling of goods
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What is the market revolution fueled by?
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invention
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What are the lands in the new "frontier" area used for?
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farming
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What are the lands in the New England area used for?
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manufacturing
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Define: centralized
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all tasks for making a product are done in one place
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What/when is the first centralized mill establishes?
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Francis Cabot Lowell's mills, 1813
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What is the backbone of the Northern Economy?
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centralization
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What does centralization increase?
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Production
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Define: free enterprise system
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companies compete for profit
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Define: capitalism
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people are awarded for finding better, faster, more efficent ways of running their businesses
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What does capitalism encourage?
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The creation of new industries, jobs, and wealth
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What do banks provide?
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Capital
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When are the first banks produced?
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1780s, 1790s
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How are banks run?
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Private investors start the bank, people take out loans, and the banks charge interest to make a profit
They provide $$ people need to expand businesses |
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What are the problems with the banks?
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1. They loan out all the money
2. They loan to everyone. Even those who can't pay them back. They lack the money needed when people come for their money, which causes panic. People rush to take their money out and can't so they get scared and others rush to withdraw funds before they go broke. |
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What is the economic cycle?
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Booms > panics > bank failures > depression
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Define: bank notes
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paper money issued by banks. can be cashed in on demand. it's a promise to pay amount back in specie. value of notes is unpredictable. pritned as needed.
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What is the "king" in the south?
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cotton
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What is life like in the south?
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Mostly rural, mostly frost-free, has good soil, plenty of rain
People make living as farmers. Inherit jobs from parents/grandparents, not wealthy gentlemen frame3rs. |
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What are Virginia and North Carolina's main export?
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Tobacco
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What is South Carolina's main export?
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Sugar and rice
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What is Kentucky's main export?
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Thorough-bred horses
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Name cities in the south
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New Orleans, Charleston, Rrichmond
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What is life in the southern cities like?
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Small, but same problems as North. Most of the city people are African American
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When do all the Northern states outlaw slavery?
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1804
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When is the slave trade illegal?
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1808
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Slaves made up 1/2 the population in what two states?
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South Carolina and Mississippi
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What are slave lives like?
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-Mostly live on large plantations (but life is better on small farms)
-Abused/beaten -Treated as property -Kept healthy |
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Explain Denmark Vesey's revolt
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Vesey was freed slave (from lottery). Became carpenter/preacher. Self-educated and angry. Says Constitution, Declaration, and Bible say slavery is wrong. Criticizes those who don't stand up and act. 1822 revolt. Wants to seize Charleston, raid arsenal, kill all white citizens, free slaves, burn city. Betrayed, rebellion failed, Vesey and 35 others hung.
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Explain Nat Turner's revolt
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Claims he is under divine inspiration, along with 70 others, he raids four Virginian plantations and kills 57. He is hung by the militia along with 20 others. The white citizens riot and kill many blacks. Restrict slaves by not letting them learn to drive/read/write or move freely because of fear of being outnumbered.
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Explain the difference between the north and the south
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North:
-Factory based population, consumer goods, cloth, urban, salaried labor, capital goods, more capital, factories, very rich or very poor, central banking system South: Rural, less population, slaves, raw materials, cotton, cash crops, most of population very poor, rice, less capital, tobacco, agriculture |
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Define: section
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area of land divided into distinct regions
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List the three sections of the Northern section
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New England, Ohio, Nnorthwest Territory
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Define: tenement
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cheap, crowded housing for the poor
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What happens to those who join labor unions?
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Blacklisted
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Define: nationalism
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extreme pride in one's country
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What do mill employers target?
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unmarried women and children
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How much do mill workers make and how much do they work?
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$3.25 per week, - $1.25 for room/board
work 73 hours per week |
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What were problems in the cities?
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1840s population boom resulted in unsanitary and unsafe cities and people living in tenements
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What was the Agreement of 1817?
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Britain will take out warships on Gr. Lakes
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What was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823?
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Took a form of isolationism concerning foreign policy
1. US will not get involved with European affairs 2. US recognizes colonies in W. hemisphere 3. No more colonies in the west 4. Any further colonizations = a hostile action by the US |
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Explain the events of the election of 1824.
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John Quincy Adams (son of John Adams) wins, Vice-president is clay
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Who is John C. Calhoun?
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slave owner, friend of John Quincy Adams, supports nationalism
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Who is Henry Clay?
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drinker, gambler, fighter
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Who is Andrew Jackson
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War hero, very pop. with people, Jacksonian Democrat, wins 1828 and 1832 election
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Explain the events of the 1828 election
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Adams/Clay (National Republicans) vs. Jackson (Jacksonian Democrats)
Jackson wins (popular, 2x votes) |
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What are Jackson's supporters like?
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less-wealthy
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What is the Spoils System also known as?
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patronage
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Define: Spoils system
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system or practice of giving appointed offices as rewards from the successful party in an election; name for patronage system under President Jackson
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What is Jackson's reasoning behind the Patronage system?
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any intelligent person could be a competent public official, "rotation in office" would prevent a small group of wealthy, well-connected people from controlling govt.
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How does Jackson feel about the federal government?
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He feared it, attacked "corrupt" politicians and laws that limit people's liberty. Used veto power to restrict fed. activity as much as possible (rejected more acts of congrress than all previous 6 presidents combined
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What was the Tariff of 1828?
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Heavy tax on imports designed to discourage foreign imports and encourage American manufacturing
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What was the purpose of the Tariff and who does it benefit/hurt and why?
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Benefits the industrial north
Hurts the southerners because they had to pay higher prices for manufactured goods |
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What was the nickname of the Tariff?
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Tariff of Abombinations
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What did South Carolina and Massachusetts do in response to the Tariff? Who was involved?
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South Carolina declared that states had the right to judge when the fed. govt. had exceeded its authority and that states could nullify/reject fed. laws they judged to be unconstitutional.
Robert Hayne, South Carolina's senator vs. Daniel Webster, Massachusetts' senator)in debate of Jan 1830. Questioned fate of union, peaked on Jan. 26 |
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What did South Carolina threaten to do in 1832?
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Secede, or withdraw, from Union if nullification of Tariffs not respected
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Define: secede
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to withdraw formally form membership in a group/organization
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How did Jackson respond and how is the crisis resolved?
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Believed state defying people's will. 1833 Congress passed Force Bill, required South Carolina to collect tariff with 50,000 fed. troops. Kentucky Senator Henry Clay compromised with Congress. They reduced some import duties and South Carolina canceled its nullification act, but defiantly nullified Force Act
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Why did the Indians have to be relocated? Where were these fertile lands located?
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Wealthy plantation owners were buying up much of the best cotton-farming land in the South and wanted to expand westward into Native American lands in western parts of the Carolinas. They were located in Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee
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Which tribes were relocated and what were they called?
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"Five Civilized Tribes"
Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chicksaw, Seminole |
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What did Jackson support in 1830?
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Congress' passage of Indian Removal Act
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Define: Indian Removal Act
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1830 law calling for the forced movement of Native Americans to go west of the Mississippi River
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What did the Indian Removal Act do?
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Authorized Jackson to give Native American lands in parts of the Louisiana Purchase in exchange for lands taken from them in the west.
It forcibly relocated about 100,000 members of Five tribes- NA received 32 million acres of Oklahoma prairie land in exchange for their 100 million acres of largely cultivated land |
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What action did the Cherokee take against the US government?
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Sued. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled Cherokees had no legal standing because no from US nor foreign country.
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Why were the Cherokees forced to move off their land?
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Gold found in Indian lands, mines and farmers violently seized 9 million acres of Indian land, violating Cherokee treaties.
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What was the 2nd course of action the Cherokee took?
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Sough US senate's help and failed. Then issued public statement
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Why does Jcakson support Indian relocation?
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All previous actions for Indian improvement failed. Cannot live with civilized people and prosper
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Define: Trail of Tears
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forced movement of Cherokee in 1838-1839 to land west of Mississippi
men+women+children, mostly on foot, 116-day march, groups of about 1,000; poorly organized, under supplied. 1 out of 4 died of cold/illness. fall/winter of 1838-1839. $6 million spent by fed. govt. to relocate Cherokee subtracted from $9 million payment to Cherokee and lands |
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What was the defining moment of Jackson's presidency?
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1832 Jackson vetoed bill that operated Bank of US in 1836
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How did Jackson feel about the Bank of the US?
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"monster institution", controlled by small group of wealthy easterners. held responsible for Panic of 1819
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When did the Bank's charter expire?
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1836
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How could the Bank's charter be renewed?
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By issuing a new charter by congress
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What were Jackson's opponents going to use against him?
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Knew he would veto so opponents could use against him in election of 1832
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What did Jackson do to the new bank's charter? What was his justification?
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Vetoed because of "protection of ordinary citizens", attacked bank as tool of greedy aristocrats
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Who won the election of 1832?
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Jackson - Jackson vs. Henry Clay (National Republican)
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What were the two parties int he election fo 1832?
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Jackson's Democratic party vs. National Republicans
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What would be the nickname of the National Republicans?
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Whigs
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How did these Republicans feel abotu the exceutive government?
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Saw themselves as defenders of liberty against an executive so powerful they dubbed him King Andrew I
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Who was Jackson's successor?
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Martin von Buren (Jacksonian Democrat)
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Before Jackson left presidency, what did he dow itht he federal funds?
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With drawed fed. funds from bank before killing bank. Deposited them in various funds in "pet banks"
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In what way were the "pet banks" irresponsible?
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printed/lent paper money recklessly
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What was Jackson forced to do in 1836?
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Declared fed. govt. would accept any gold.silver in payment for public lands. Order Specie Circular
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What did the Specie Circular cause?
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Weakened "pet banks" and helped cause Panic of 1837, which occurred during Van Buren's first year of presidency
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How long does this depression last
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Through 1840 election
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Who wins the 1840 election?
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William Henry Harrison
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What percent of voters turn out to this election? What were their hopes?
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80%, hoping change might end depression
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How long is Harrison in office for? Who replaces him?
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1 month - dies of pneumonia
Vice president John Tyler replaces him (Jacksonian Democrat) |
