History Chapter 4: Contact And Interaction

Front 1

What are the five reasons for ancient civilisations to make contact?

Back 1

1. War

2. Trade

3. Political

4. Exploration

5. Religion

Front 2

Give three examples of war. (2p; 2sp, 1sp)

Back 2

Qin Dynasty:

1. Was a strong centralised and unified state that expanded into other Chinese states in the West and South.

2. Accompanied by strengthening of Great Wall for defense against foreign attacks

SEA:

1. Melaka expanded control over the sea trade routes in parts of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.

This also resulted in the spread of islam.

Front 3

Give three examples of trade. (2p: 2sp, 1sp)

Back 3

China:

1. Chinese traders did not travel out of China,saving costs and generally being safer, allowing them to earn more and grow rich as a result.

2. Secret of silk making known only to the Chinese, and was in very high demand in other parts of the world. Hence, many foreigners came to trade with China for silk.

SEA:

1. Major producer of spices, which attracted traders from India, China and other parts of the world, trading througu various sea routes.

Front 4

Give two examples of political contact (peaceful). (2p: 1sp, 1sp)

Back 4

China:

1. China was considered the most advanced. Thus, vassal states like Melaka would visit the emperor every few years with gifts and tributes, and would bow to show respect. In return for their loyalty, the emperor would offer presents, security, trading rights and other benefits, ensuring loyalty and compliance from vassal states. This is known as the tributary system.

SEA:

1. Melaka sent ambassadors to pay tribute to China, allowing Melaka to gain China's protection. This meant that the powerful Chinese navy could protect Melaka from pirates that threatened trade. With that settled,it made trading more safe and attracted more traders.

Front 5

Give two examples of exploration. (1p; 2sp)

Back 5

SEA:

1. Indian religion, ideas, and systems of government spread to government as many Indian traders would go there to trade.

2. The people in Southeast Asia would improve their ships by modelling them to Chinese ships.

Front 6

Give four examples of religious contact. (2p; 2sp, 2sp)

Back 6

SEA:

1. Trading centres had many Indian traders that exchanged ideas and products

2. Islam first began spreading in SEA through Melaka

China:

1. Asoka from India spread Buddhism to China

2. Religions were possibly influenced by traders that came to China via the Silk Road.

Front 7

What is the political advantage of contact and interaction?

Back 7

It can lead to alliances, agreements or promises, that result in defence or mutual benefits between nations.

Front 8

What is one economic advantage of contact and interaction? (excluding direct / indirect trade)

Back 8

Trade meant new goods, leading to wealth and exchanges, and personal or interpersonal gains, helping the growth of civilisations.

Front 9

What are the pros and cons of direct trade? (2p; 1sp, 1sp)

Back 9

Pros:

1. Most profitable for the traders as dealing directly with the traders means there are a greater variety of goods to choose from.

Cons:

1. Longer distances have to be travelled, leading to higher costs and risks, and traders are also away from their family and business for a longer period of time.

Front 10

What are the pros and cons of indirect trade? (2p; 2sp, 1sp)

Back 10

Pros:

1. Shorter distances travelled, leading to lower costs and lesser risks, and are away from family and business for a shorter time.

2. Demand sources are more varied as compared to direct trade as more traders from different parts of the world are wanting to buy goods.

Cons:

1. Additional costs due to charges imposed by the middlemen as compared to buying from the suppliers.

Front 11

What is the cultural advantage of contact and interaction?

Back 11

Learn new cultures, languages, which lead to a fusion of different cultures, and evolve into a different particular culture.

Front 12

What is the technological advantage of contact and interaction?

Back 12

Learning new technoligues mean overall improvement.

Front 13

What are four political disadvantages of contact and interaction?

Back 13

1. Clash of interests as both sides want the best deal.

2. Engage in warfare that were started by other allies, leading to more enemies and loss of lifes, and costs.

3. To keep vassal states, tributes must be paid

4. Allies may betray the nation

Front 14

What is one economic disadvantage of contact and interaction? (excluding direct / indirect trade)

Back 14

Imbalance in terms of export / import of goods, especially between poorer and richer countries, leading to the rich and poor gap and social classes being more pronounced.

Front 15

What is a cultural disadvantsge of contact and interaction?

Back 15

Learning more new ideas can lead to different mindsets, which caude dissastisfaction about existing political, economic or social sydtems and want more changes which may serve detrimental to the nation's interests.

Front 16

What is one technological disadvantage of contact and interaction?

Back 16

More advanced country has little or nothing to gain, leading to less trade and less economical advantages.

Front 17

What are three dangers of overland trade?

Back 17

1. Fierce tribes or bandits rob merchants of valuable goods.

2. Wild and poisonous animals attack and kill merchants.

3. Harsh physical environment such as arid land, extreme weather, brutal winds or high mountain ranges.

Front 18

What are two dangers of maritime trade?

Back 18

1. Pirates who preyed on the merchants by raiding their ships and robbing them of their goods, sometimes even killing them.

2. Extreme weather such as hurricanes and sudden storms coukd wreck a sailing ship and make it sink.

Front 19

What measure was done to overcome the dangers of overland trade?

Back 19

1. The traders would travel in a group called caravans so that they could render help to one another during a hostile situation.

Front 20

What are two measures done to overcome dangers of maritime trade?

Back 20

1. Parameswara took part in China's tributary system in order to seek protection from the powerful Chinese navy in the region.

2. The Southeast Asian rulers hired orang laut, to patrol and guard the sea routes.

Front 21

How fast or slow was the speed and effectiveness of the spread of ideas and cultures through overland trade?

Back 21

The spread of ideas was slower and less effective. Overland trade made use of animals to carry goods over a limited distance as they needed to overcome physical barriers such as mountains and deserts, causing the speed of journey to be slower.

Front 22

How fast or slow was the speed and effectiveness of the spread of ideas and cultures through maritime trade?

Back 22

The spread of ideas and culture was fast and effective. Maritime trade made use of ships which could travel longer distances as sea routes were more reliable and had fewer barriers to overcome. Furthermore, the monsoons helped to speed up the journey.

Front 23

Give an example of the usage of the tributary system in China.

Back 23

During the reign of Han Wudi, the empire of ancient China expanded to to include northern Vietnam, inner Mongolia, southern Manchuria and most of Korea. To maintain peace in these conquered areas, the rulers of these areas were allowed to keep their thrones and were promised help and protection if they were attacked by rival groups. In return, the rulers had to gift regular gifts and tributes to Wudi. They also had to send their sons to China to receive a Chinese education, and Wudi was indirectly holding their sons hostage to ensure good behaviour from the rulers.