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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Fertile Crescent?
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arc of land between Tigris and Euphrates that was fertile and provided best farming in SW Asia
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What was the result of the rivers flooding?
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Silt was left behind.
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What are three disadvantages to Mesopotamia?
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1. Unpredictable flooding followed by drought periods
2.No natural barriers for protection 3. Limited natural resources |
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What are solutions to the three disadvantages of Mesopotamia?
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1. Flooding/drought- dug irrigation ditches
2. No barriers- built city walls with mud bricks 3. traded grain and cloth for raw materials that were needed |
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What two things sparked the beginning of organized government?
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Leaders needed to oversee irrigation ditch-diggings, need for laws to settle land and water disputes
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What is a city-state?
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each city and the surrounding land it controlled
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What are some examples of mesopotamian city-states?
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Ur, Uruk, Umma, Kish, Lagash
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Who invented oven-baked bricks?
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Chinese
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Who was the chief sumerian god?
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marduk
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what is a dynasty?
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series of rulers from a single family.
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What is cultural diffusion?
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the process in which a new idea or product spreads from one culture to another
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What god was believed to bring floods in Sumer?
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Enlil
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What Sumerian demons protected humans?
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Ugallu
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Where did Sumerian's believe souls went after death?
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the land of no return
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Name the four Sumerian classes.
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1. Kings, landholders, some priests
2.merchants 3.workers/artisans 4.slaves |
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What three things could Sumerian women do?
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work as merchants/farmers, hold property in their own name, join priesthood
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What three things did the Sumerians invent?
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wheel, plow, sail
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Which civilization developed a number system with a base of 60?
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Sumerians.
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What were four influences on Mesopotamian civilization?
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arches, columns, ramps, and pyramids.
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Who created the first Sumerian empire?
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Sargon.
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What is an empire?
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brings together several peoples/nations under the control of one ruler
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How long did Sargon's dynasty last?
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200 years.
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Who established their capital at Babylon?
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the Amorites
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Who ruled the Babylonian Empire?
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Hammurabi
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How many of Hamurabbi's laws were found?
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282
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Who did the Babylonian Empire fall to?
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Kassites.
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What were 3 risks to living in Egypt?
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1. when floodwater was lower, people starved.
2. when floodwater level was higher, there was flooding and things were destroyed. 3. deserts acted as a barrier from Egypt and other countries |
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What is a delta?
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broad, marshy triangular area of land formed by silt deposits at the mouth of a river
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Who united Upper and Lower Egypt?
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Narmer
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What were both Upper and Lower Egypt's crowns known as?
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Narmer's Palette
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What was Narmer's capital?
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Memphis
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Who was the Egyptian god of the sun and who was the god of death?
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Re and Osiris
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Who was the most important Egyptian goddess?
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Isis
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What god judged souls in afterlife?
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Anubis
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What were the Egyptian social classes?
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1. Kings
2. Priests, landowners, etc. 3. merchants/artisans 4. peasants |
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What does hieroglyphics mean?
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sacred carving
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What civilization developed the calendar?
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Egypt
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What did Egyptian doctors know how to do?
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check pulse, use splints for broken bones, perform some surgery
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Who gained control of Egypt after the middle kingdom?
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the Hyskos from Palestine
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What is the Indian subcontinent?
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landmass of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
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What three things stood out about the Indus?
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1. organization/planning of cities
2. sophisticated writing 3. sewage system |
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What is the plateau in Indus Valley?
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the Deccan Plateau
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What makes up the Indo-Gangetic Plain?
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Indus and Ganges rivers and the areas they water
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What were the three largest Indus Valley cities?
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Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Kalibangan
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What is Indus Valley Civilization also known as?
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Harappan Civilization
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What was the center of Indus Valley Civilizations?
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citadel
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What was done in Harappan Civilization to prevent damage from flooding?
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Harappa was partially built on mud-brick blocks.
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What did Indus Valley trade with Afghanistan?
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gold and silver
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What caused the end of the Harappan Civilization?
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a shift in tectonic plates reversed course of Indus River; possibly causing Sarswati river to dry up
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What are two Chinese rivers?
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Huang He (Yellow River)and Chang Jiang
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What is the yellow silt deposited by Yellow River called?
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loess.
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What river had the nickname "China's Sorrow"?
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Yellow River
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What percentage of China is suitable for farming?
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10%
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What is China's heartland?
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North China Plain
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What was the first Chinese dynasty and who was the leader of it?
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xia; lead by yu
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Who was the first of Chinese rulers to record written records?
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Shang.
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what was the oldest and most important shang city?
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anyang.
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What was China's own nickname for itself?
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Middle Kingdom
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Who was the supreme Chinese god?
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Shang Di
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what were oracle bones?
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animal bones/tortoise shells which priests used to "consult gods"
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What was an advantage and disadvantage of Chinese characters?
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Advantage: all throughout China had same written language; unified land
Disadvantage: over 10,000 characters to memorize; 1500 to be barely literate |
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What dynasty created Mandate of Heaven?
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Zhou
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What are three innovations of the Zhou dynasty?
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roads/canals, coined money, blast furances to make cast iron
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Name three Sumerian exports and imports.
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exports- grain, cloth, crafted wool
imports-wood, stone, metal |
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What does Lower Egypt include?
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Nile Delta Region
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Who was the ruler of hell in Egypt?
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Ba
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What are jars that hold organs?
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Canonic jars
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Who invented the first step pyramid?
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Imhotep
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First block on step pyramid:
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Mastaba
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Who was teh step pyramid built for?
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Dijoser
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Who made Edwin Smyth Papyrus?
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imhotep
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What are three Egyptian cities?
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Memphis, Thebes, Edufu
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