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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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age-grade systems
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groups of men and women whom the society initiated into adulthood at the same time; cut across family ties, created community loyalty, provided law enforcement as the group was responsible for the behavior of its members
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kingdom of benin
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see notes
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sahara salt trade
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essential to human health; traded by tuareg and the moors for gold; center in taghaz
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muhammad toure
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songhay ruler that completed the expansionist and administrative consolidation begun by predecessors; power in military; convert to islam; greatly increased number of royal slaves
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songhay
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successor state of ghana and mali; dominated niger region; economic prosperity due to slaves; diverse peoples but no effective means of transferring power
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kanem bornu
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subdued weaker peoples to take over extensive areas; militaristic, feudal pattern of government; economy based on agriculture and trans-saharan trade
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alphonse menendez
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overzealous jesuit missionary who tried to revamp the ethiopian liturgy, rebaptize the people, and replace ancient ethiopian customs with roman ones
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swahili
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located along the east african coast and nearby islands, this state accepted islam, was overwhelmingly maritime and fertile, and had cosmopolitan cities with high standards of living
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portuguese east africa
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arrival was the end of swahili independence; wanted to build maritime empire; rulers responded in different ways; residents deserted towns and portuguese failed
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pre-european african slavery
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exchange of peoples captured in ethnic and tribal wars within africa; traded to islamic world and across indian ocean; fundamental to social, political, and economic order
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slavery in south africa
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started by the dutch east india company which was largest single owner; urban and rural burghers owned majority; served on wine and grain estates
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atlantic slave trade
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most extensive forced migrations of millions; one of the most inhuman, unjust, and tragic events in history
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why african slaves?
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africans were outsiders to the europeans and africans had no problem selling their own people
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luanda
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major port on the angola coast for the trade of slaves
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queen njiga
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most important female political figure in the history of modern angola; militaristic, expansionistic; kept portuguese out of their slave trade
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dahomey
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military kingdom that made slave trade a royal monopoly
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metis
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social class created by intermarriage of french traders and wolof women that adopted french language, roman catholic faith, and french lifestyle; political and economic power
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