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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Silk Road
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a trade route from Asia to Europe
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Ptolemy
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stated that the sun and the planets move around the earth in circular paths
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al-Idrisi
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Arab geographer- showed the geography of east Africa/ Indian Ocean
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Henry the Navigator
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set up and academy in Portugal, research and cartography and navigation he funded other explorers
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Bartolomeu Dias
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Portugese explorer who reached the southern tip of Africa
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Vasco de Gama
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rounded the tip of Africa raced across the Indian oecean and landed on India's west coast
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Christopher Columbus
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Italian Sea Captain funded by rulers of Spain, crossed the Atlantic ocean- 1492 he arriveed in the Caribbean thinking he was in India
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Ferdinand Magellan
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spainard that went around the tip of Africa, discovered the Strait of Magellan, goes to Phillipines during a civil war, he was killed there
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Strait of Megellan
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the passage that Magellan found along the tip of South America
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circumnavigate
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to sail around the world
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John Cabot
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he traveled south from Newfoundland along the coast of present-day Canada, didn't frind a pathe to Asia
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Giovanni da Varrazano
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mapped from what is today Norht Carolilna north to Newfoundland
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Jacques Cartier
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sailed past Newfoundland and entered the St. Lawrence River
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Hernan Cortes
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conquered the Aztec
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Fransisco Pizarro
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conquered the Inca
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King Henry VIII
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broke from the Catholic church and made his kingdom Protestant
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Queen Elizabeth I
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let English privateers attack Spain
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sea dogs
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English Privateers
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Phillip II
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king of Spain, sent a huge fleet of ships called the Spanish Armada to invade England
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Spanish Armada
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a huge fleet of ships sent to invade England
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Pedro Alvares Cabral
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led 13 ships to India
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mercantilism
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the idea that a country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver
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joint-stock companies
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a business that people can invest in buying a share of the company
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commerce
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the buying and selling of goods of large amounts over long distance
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Commercial Revolution
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to increase trade, Europeans set up colonies and created joint-stock companies
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entrepreneur
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they invest in things in order to make more $$$$$money$$$$$
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stocks
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invest in buying a share of a company
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cottager industry
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when merchants asked peasants to make things for them
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Scientific Revolution
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The thinkers of the ancient world developed early forms of science and passed this knowledge to later civilizations
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Aristotle
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and ancient Greek philosopher that observed nature, collected information
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geocentric
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earth-centered universe
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Thomas Aquinas
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Christian thinker that tried to show that Christianity and reason could go together
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astronomy
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the study of the tars and heavenly bodies
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Copernicus
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wrote s book and stated that the sun was the center of the universe
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Kepler
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supported Copernicus' theroy but added to it, he stated that the planets move in ellipses
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heliocentric
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sun-centered universe
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ellipses
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oval paths reather than circular ones
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Galileo
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an Italian scientist that new knowledge could come from experiments that were carefully carried out
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Isaac Newton
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Englidh mathematician, developed the theroy of gravity
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Principia
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a book that Newton opublished about his theories
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Galen
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Greek physician, studied the human body
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Versalius
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a Flemish doctor that dissected human bodies for research
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Harvey
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English doctor proved that blood flowed through the human body
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Hooke
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English scientist discovered and named cells
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Boyle
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Irish scientist, proved that all substances are made up of basic elements
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Lavoisier
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French scientist, proved that all materials need oxygen to burn
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Descartes
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French scientist, wrote a book, studied morality
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Scientific method
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an orderly way of collecting analyzing evidence
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hypohtesis
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explanation of the facts
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natural law
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a law that applied to eveyone and could be understood by reason
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Thomas Hobbes
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wrote about the English government and society
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John Locke
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English thinker, used natural law to affirm citizen's rights
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Leviathan
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a book written by Thomas Hobbes, it argued that natural law made monarch the best form of government
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social contract
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an agreement between rulers and the people
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Montesquieu
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a French thinker, published a book called the Spirit of Laws
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Seperation of Powers
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stated that power should be equally divided among the four branches of government (1 executive
(2 legislative (3 judicial |
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The Spirit of Laws
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a book written by Baron MOntesquieu
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philosophe
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-philosopher- writers, teachers, journalists, and observers of society
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Voltaire
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great thinker, wrote many novels, plays, letters, and essays
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deism
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religious beliefs based on reason
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Denis Diderot
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French philosopher, published the first encyclopedia (28-volume)
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Wollstonecraft
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a strong supporter of Women's rights
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Rousseau
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cclaimed that supporters of the Enlightenment relied too much on reason, instead people should pay more attention to their feelings
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absolutism
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in this system monarchs held total power
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enlightened despots
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rulers that want better government but didn't want to lose any power or control
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Louis XIV
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a.k.a. sun king, monarch
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Frederick the Great
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most famous Prussian ruler, strenthened the armies and gained more territory for Prussia
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Maria Theresa
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a young Hapsburg princess improved serfs, tried to make government work better
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Joseph II
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maria theresa's son ruler, freed the serfs, made land taxes equal for nobles and farmers
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Peter the Great
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tried to make Russia into a strong and up-to-date power, founded St. Petersburg
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Jamestown
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the first town of a new colony called Virginia
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John Rolfe
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discovered that tobacco sould grow in Virginia's soil
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Pilgrims
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decided to go to America so they could worship freely
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Puritans
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a group of them were Pilgrims
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John Winthrop
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led a group of Puritans that landed in America and formed the colony of Massachusetts
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Quakers
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English Catholics that founded Maryland
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House of Burgesses
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sort of like the English Parliament except for its in Virginia
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constitutions
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written plans of government
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Navigation Acts
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regualted trade, said that you can trade with Britain only!
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The Boston Massacre
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colonists insulted British soldiers and threw snowballs @ them. the soldiers fire into the crowd 5 people were killed
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Stamp Act
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Parliament started to tax newspapers and other printed materials
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Boston Tea Party
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the colonists were angry with Britain and they dressed up as Indians and dumped the tea into the Boston Harbor
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Tea Act
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it allowed a British trading company to ship to the colonies without paying the regular taxes
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Intolerable Acts
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To pinish the colonists Parliament passed laws that closed down the Boston Harbor and out the government of Massachusetts under military rule. It also said that British troops should be given a place to live in colonists homes free of charge
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First Continental Congress
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met in Philadelphia
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Lexington and Concord
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British found out that the colonists had a store of weapons there. British troops went to take the weapons and fighting breaks out. the first battle of the Revoltionary war
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Second Continental Congress
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met in Philadelphia
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George Washington
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when the 2nd Continentak Congress met he was elected head of the colonial army
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Thomas Paine
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wrote Common Sense, surged colonists to break away from the Britain and condem the king
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Thomas Jefferson
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wrote THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, from Virginia
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popular sovereignty
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the idea that a government recieves its powers from the people
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limited government
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the idea that a government may use only its powers given to it by the people
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Articles of Confederation
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created a national government but the states held most powers
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checks and balances
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enabled each branch to limit the powers of the other branches
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Bill of Rights
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set out certain rights that the government could not violate
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Effigy
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stuffed image of someone, gets destroyed
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Crispus Attucks
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free black man 1st casualty in Boston Massacre
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