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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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steppe peoples
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nomadic groups, roamed central asia, depended on animals, powerful chiefs- protection, provide for growing population, calvalry units, military threate to neighboring people who were more culturally developed, invasions
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calns
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groups based on family ties,
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Seljuk Turks
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first to engage in conquest, overthrew weak abbasid rulers, Baghdad- hired turkish warriors, poewrful, control abbasid government,
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Muslim turks (seljuk Turks)
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to middle east, settlements, restored sunni caliphate, gained control over trade routes, wealth to build an empire, invaded plaisn of asia minor, defeated byzanitnes- Battle fo Manzikert, Alexius I, fear of turks, Crusades, skillled warriors
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Seljuk Turk gov.
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skilled warriors, no well organized, lacked traditions of governemnt, difficult to hold empire togther, local officials- act independant rulers, fihgt, internal fueds weakened them
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mongols
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dominant nomadic group, Mongolia- northwest China, herders, animals, small communities where fertile land, little possesions, trade for hwat needed, few large cities, clans, warriors on horses with bows and arrows
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yurts
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traveling tents
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genghis Khan- 1206-1227
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Temujin, organized one governent, plan military campagines- triabl chiefs meet, organized military wiht cavalry, officers chosen for abilities, most skilled fighting force, khan-absolute ruler, "universal Ruler", large empire
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yasa
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law code developed under Ghesgis Khan
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mongol conquests
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ghen Khan armies, conquered turks, tribute moneyu and new recruits, invaded china, learn chinse things, all china under land, mongol dynasty all country, terror, destroy and kill, halted by Egyptian Mamluks
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Batu
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commander, conquered east slavic lands
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Helagu
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commander, capture baghdad nad enslaved inhabitants, 1258, setback to isalmic civilization,
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Mongol empire
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largest land empire in history, great trade routes, peace in region, respect conquered groups, chinses ideas and practices, converted to Islam, turkish principal language, Russian mongol tradtions and customs, controlled slavic principalities, allegians to khan in mongolia, local rulers self reliant, independant domains
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Timur Lenk
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lTurkish- Mongol chief, rose to power, leader small nomadic tribe, extended, spread Islam, descent Ghengis khan, united turk- mongols, establushed centers of civilization, Samarkand, defeat Ottoman and Ankara, effor failed gain mroe terriroty, died, empire collapsed, ottomans regain lost land-began building of their state
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Samarkand
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most influential city, wealthy trade and craft center,timur buried here
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han dynasty
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early china, colapsee 220
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yan jian
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united chin, sui dynasty, Empreor Wen, renewed goasl and traditions fo HAn dynasty, public works projectc, built china canal, rebuilt great wall, built Changan, forced labor, peasnats unhappy, revolt, 618
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Li Yuan
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rebellious lord, emperor, Tang dyansty 618-907, expansion
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tai Cong
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military genouis, son of Li Yuan, shrewd admin, storng cdentral government,
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tang governemnt
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civili service exams, test knowledge of Cofucian concept, any male take test, part in governemnt,peasnants- land to farmers and enforced peace, experimintation
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Confuciuansim
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obey emperor like son to father,
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meritocracy
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systme in which people were selected for talent and ability rather than family ties, didn;t meet ideal in practice
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foreign influences
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roads and waterways, travel easire, increase trade, silk road, camel caravans, new ideas, Buddhism, Changan largest city,
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Gaozong
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succed Tai Cong, married empress wu, ruled mostly
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xuanzang
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empress wu grandson, emperor, welcomed artisit, porcelain and pottery- "China", Due Fue and Li Bo- poets,
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Tang Scholars
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encyclopedias, dictionaries, stories, block printing,
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Tang decline
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splendor masked military waeknes, turkish revolt sucessful, cut off trade routes, fell 907
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Zhao Kuangyin
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Song dynasty, military general, peace with north mongols- Khitan- paied with silver, Jurchen- nomadic people, capture capital Kaifeng,
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Song dynasty
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capital at Kaifeng, roayl court at Hangzhou,tax revenue, public works, irrgaition, new crops, increased trade, Hangzhou became capital, chinese cuisine, porcelain- best ever made, landscape painting,
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Song Scholars
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resented foreign influence,
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Neo- Confuciansim
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official state philosophy, combination buddhism confucian and daosim, firmly entrenched civil service system, determing knowledge main focous on tests,
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Mandarins
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people who passed the test and becamea wealthy elite group, economic growth
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Song decline
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enemies used tactic agaist them, Mongols-1234, fall in 1279
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Yuan Dynasty
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Mongol dynasty, first conqueres rule most of country, highest gov. positions to mongols or foreignors, stable order, travel and trade improved, more contacts, weak sucessor Kub. Chinese rebellions, Zhu Yuanzhang- monk, army overthrew dynasty
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Kublai Khan
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first great mongol emperor, extened rule beyond china, invaded japan- insucessful, complied with chinese traditions, maintain mongol culture, document in mongolian traslated into Chinese, died in 1294, weak sucessor
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Marco Polo
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cenetian, explorer, traeled on Khans' mission, all over, wealthy, jailed, Rustichello, Description of the world,
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Korea
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peninsula east coast, bridge b/w chian and japan, descent form Tangun, immigrants form norht asia
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Tangun
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son of a bear and god who created first korean kingdom
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Shamanism
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belief that good and evil spirits inhabit both living and inatimate things,
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shamans
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preists, interced between human and spirit worlds,
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Chianses invaastion- 109
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controled by Han, after fall regain control
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3 kingdoms period
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Kogouryo, Silla, Paekche, adopted elemts chinses culture, COfucaisnim, Buddhism, Calligraphy, Silla- Queen Sondok- observatory
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Silla conquer- 668
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peace, prosperity and creativity, porcelain, mask dances, Buddhism state religon
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Tripitaka Koreana
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largest collection buddhist scriptures
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Yi dynasty- 1392
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built Hanyang as captital,avoid contact with outside world, "hermit Kingdom"
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Neo Confuciansim Korea
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state doctrin, eldest son bound to serve parents until their deaths, women not allowed out until after dark and with permission form husband,
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King Sejong
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Bronze instrument to measure rain, created Hangul
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Hangul
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Korean alphabet that uses 14 consanants and 10 vowelsm
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Admiral Yi-Sun-Shin
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ironcald warships, "turtle ships", war against japan
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Japan
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archipelego, four larges islands, Honshu, Shikoku, Hokkaido, Kyushu
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japan geographhy
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isolation form mailand, mountains, little farmland, rely on sea- protection, food, transportation, reverence for nature, natural disasters
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japan creation myth
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two brothers Izanagai and Izanami- bole into water droplets islands, Amateraus- sun godess, Susanowo- storm god, susa destoryed everything beanished to earth, descendants first inhabitants of japan,
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Ninigi
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grandson of Amaterasu, govern Hoshu
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Jimmu
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conquered descendants of susanowo, first emperor of japan, traditon, sword, mirror and jewels, ama descendants except Hirohito- WWII
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early people japan
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hunter gatherers, easily invade, little technonogly, better methods- agriculture- rice main food, clans- ruled own regions
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shito
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the way of the gods,k group of families wiht common ancestor, ancestor as kami- spirit, dwelled within paopl and inatimate objects, festivals and ceremonies, performed by hea dof clans
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Yamato clan
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militayr skill and prestige, desenct from amaterasu, loose rule over most japan, clans continue rule own lands, loyalty to yamaot chief, intially politica pwoer, then went to members of Soga family, emperor still because iterced with gods,
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chinese influeces in japan
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buddhism national religon, cultural exchange, adopted chises charachters for writing, art medicine astronomy, curiosity
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Prince Shotoku
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leder sourt offical, programs encourace learnign form chinse, buddhist temples, sent peopleto china, constitution paln for japan- how govenrment offical should act
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Fugiwara family
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pwoer after Shotoku death, model gov after china, strogn central gov
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Taikai reforms
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great change, all land under empror not calns, clan leaders oversee work but not assign land or collect taxes, civil service exams not accpeted, throguh family, stil land under clan leaders
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Nara period 710
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first permant captila at nara, imperial palace, todaiji temple, buddhism peak, not replace shito, different needs, lShito- inked people to homelnad, buddhism spritual rewrds, both, first written litreraturem hitsories
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heian period 794
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new capitl Heian- Kyoto, no more culturl missions, dwellers among the clouds, pursuit og beauty- calligraphy, fashion, literature, neglected governremnt, warlike provincial leaders, running esates like individual territories, ingnoring emperors, refuse pay taxes, lost cotrol empire
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Lady Shikabu Murasaki
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wrote the Talke of the Genji, first novel, andout warrior named genji
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Taira and Minamoto
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powerful court families, fights, minamoto won,
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Yoritomo Minamoto
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head minamoto family , shogun- general, most real political nad militayr power, Kublai Khan invasion- lost
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shogunate
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military govenrment from Kamakura, empero stil in kyoto
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Kamikaze
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divine wind
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ashinkaga family
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tired to control, failed, japan broke apart,
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samuri
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powerful land owning warriors, pledge to daimyo , services
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daimyo
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most powerful samuri, lords
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Japan feudalism 1336
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samurai to daimyo, taxes to farm land, recived protection,
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Bushido
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strict code of honor, way of the warrior, braveyr, chivalry, edure suffering and defend honor at all costs, dishonored commit suicide, women too, Talke of the Heike
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merchant class japan
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workshops, towns, castles, guilds- za, chinses copper coins
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Japan religion and arts
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buddhism, relegious groups- life in paradise, trust buddah, easy, no use for monks and prieststs, common peopl epaly role, patriotism, japan center of univers
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Zen
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brought form china, individual life in harmony with nature, rejected book learning and locigal though, free mind, act instinctibley, meditation, zen garden, tea ceremony,
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Ikebana
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flower aranging
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