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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many people came to the United States from European Countries in the 1800's?
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14-19 million
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How many people moved from farms to factories?
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9 million
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In the cities, what did people live in?
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tenaments
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Describe the life in the city.
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overcrowded, filthy, no sewage, fire hazards, no waste disposale, lots of disease.
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Why did everyone in the family work?
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the wages were so slow
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At what age did children leave school to work?
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12
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What were some advantages of having young children working in the mills?
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they were small and could fit in small places, you could hit them, no back talk, you could pay them less
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Why was it incredibly unsafe to work in mills?
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there was no life insurance
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How long was a work week?
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6-7 days, 12 hours a day.
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Why did people rarely ask for a raise or promotion?
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There was an unlimited supply of workers. There were people who needed a job so bad they would work for very litte.
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Define Piecework.
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being paid for each finished product [cigars]
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What were some disadvantages with piecework?
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if people were old or had arthritis, they were at a disadvantage. they made less product and therefore less money.
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Who dominated Efficiency?
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Fredrick Winslow Taylor: Time & motion studies
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What were some ways to control workers?
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corporal punishment [beat them], fire them
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Fill in the Blanks. Most time efficiency _______ but wages stayed or _______.
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increased, decreased
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What suffered the most with workers?
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their safety
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Conditions of the mill -
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monotonus, boring, sleepy; dangerous
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What was the average # of people killed in mills in 1882?
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675
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What were common jobs for women?
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sewing machine operators, domestic workers [nannies, cooks, maids]
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Children represented what percent of the work force?
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5%
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Define Socialism:
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Government owned everything
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Define Scab:
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person who replaced a striking worker.
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Define Anarchist:
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Someone who strongly disbelieved in socialism and government; felt that government limited individuality.
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Define Pinkertons:
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special, undercover, police forced specifically organized to break up or prevent strikes.
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How bad was the average income in Europe compared to in the states?
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91$ a year compared to $676 a year.
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Who stabbed and shot Frick?
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Alexander Berkman
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After he shot Frick, who did the public believe anarchists sided with?
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the people opposed to the government.
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