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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why were changes to manufacturing needed in the mid-1700s? |
There was a greater demand for manufactured goods. |
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How would one define the Industrial Revolution? |
A period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700's and early 1800's. Began in Great Britain and quickly spread throughout the world. |
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Richard Arkwight |
Invented the large spinning machine called the water frame. |
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Who was the man responsible for bringing new textile machines to the US? |
Samuel Slater |
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Why were more Americans textile mills built in the North than in the South? |
They ran off of water power and the north had more rivers than the south. |
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The tools used to produce items or to do work are known as what? |
technology |
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Eli Whitney |
invented the first interchangeable part |
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What was one argument given by Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin about why there were so few factories in the US? |
People would want to work on their own farms and not work for somebody eles. |
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How did the War of 1812 help American manufacturing? |
All of their trade routes closed and they had to produce and buy American products. |
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What american said "to be independent for the comforts of life we must make them ourselves" |
Thomas Jefferson |
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What did textile manufacturers do to keep the cost of running a mill low? |
They hired children |
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Rhode Island System |
hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks |
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What happened to workers in the textile industry as a result of Francis Cabot Lowell introduction of a new system? |
They Lowell system was based on water powered mills that employed young, unmarried women from local farms. The system included a loom that could spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill. |
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How long would a typical "Lowell girl" stay at the mills? |
4 years |
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Which statement best describes working conditions at the mills? |
cotton dust began to cause health problems such as chronic cough |
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trade union |
groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions |
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Why were most early strikes by union members unsuccessful? |
the community and police supported the companies. |
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Sarah G Bagley |
she founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1844 and the goals of that were to influence an investigation of working conditions and obtain a 10-hour workday |
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Transportation Revolution |
period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of trandportation |
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What were two new forms of transportation invented during the transportation revolution? |
the steamboat and steam powered train |
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what main benefit did the transportation revolution bring to trade |
they enabled farmers to trade goods more quickly and more cheaply |
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Robert Fulton's first full sized commercial steamboat was called the _________? |
clermont |
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why was the steam boat well suited to river travel |
it could move upriver and did not rely on wind power |
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Gibbons v Ogden |
Aaron Ogden sued Thomas Gibbons for operating steam boats in NY waters that Ogden said he owned. Gibbons did not have a license to operate in NY, but argued that his federal license gave him the right to use NY waterways |
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What did the Supreme court decide in the case of Gibbons v Ogden |
the court reinforced the federal government's authority to regualte trade between the states by ending monopolistic control over waterways in several states. This ruling freed up waterways to even greater trade and shipping. |
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What was the Tom Thumb and why was it significant? |
This was the first small, powerful locomotive built by Peter Cooper. The Tom Thumb showed people the power and speed of even small locomotive and railroad fever soon spread. |
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what challenges did engineers and mechanics face while building railroads |
the railroads had to run up and down steep mountains around tight curves and over swifts rivers |
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why did locomotives make a powerful impression on passengers |
trains were the fastest form of transportation most people had ever experinced |
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smelting |
heating iron ore to very high temperatures |
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How did the Transportation revolution affect americans farming industry |
lumber items had become the primary product of New England. Settlers cut down trees and plowed up prairies to make farmland |
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why was coal was a more appealing fuel source than wood |
a half of ton of coal produces as much energy as two tons of woods but half the price |
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What was the reason for the telegraph operation delay |
people doubted the machine they didnt think he was reading messages they thought he was making lucky guesses until it was proven in 1844. |
