History Chapter 12

Front 1

Who was the patent owner that became President?

Back 1

Abraham Lincoln

Front 2

What did many Americans think was the key to success?

Back 2

Working

Front 3

What changes fueled the economic growth?

Back 3

Many people from farms to cities, the number of americans working in factories grew (producing twice as much labor), the shift of water-power to steam for energy raise productivity, the rise in agriculture productivity.

Front 4

In 1860, what provided a fifth of the Nations energy consumption?

Back 4

Coal

Front 5

What change fueled the MOST economic growth?

Back 5

Rise of Agriculture

Front 6

What was the changes in farms, cities, factories, power and transportation called?

Back 6

Industrial Revolution

Front 7

Although the industrial revolution did bring on new things,

Back 7

some of the old stuff stayed the same alongside with the new stuff

Front 8

Why did trees limit Agricultural productivity?

Back 8

because farmers had to spend time and energy clearing them to plant

Front 9

Many people moved to the midwest for agriculture becauseL\:

Back 9

they did not have to spend time clearing trees!

Front 10

What state added more people during the 1850's than any other state in the Union?

Back 10

Illinois

Front 11

To attract settlers and generate revenue, the federal government:

Back 11

made most of the land available for purchase

Front 12

What mostly created the increase in agricultural productivity?

Back 12

the federal land policy

Front 13

What became known as the "american system"?

Back 13

The practice of manufacturing and assembling interchangable parts spread from gun making to other industries

Front 14

New England led the nation in:

Back 14

Manufacturing, shipping goods

Front 15

The south and the west led the nation in:

Back 15

commodities such as wheat, pork, whiskey, tobacco and cotton

Front 16

British goods dominated the international market because:

Back 16

they were cheaper and better than American-made products

Front 17

Why did U.S Manufacturers support tariffs?

Back 17

To minimize British compensation

Front 18

Railroads also increased the economy because:

Back 18

they linked farmers and factories in new ways

Front 19

America was the worlds second greatest industrial power behind:

Back 19

Great Britain

Front 20

The government granted 20 million acres of federal land for:

Back 20

turnpike, highway and canal projects

Front 21

Railroads succeeded because:

Back 21

they served both farms and cities

Front 22

Westward moving population expanded because of:

Back 22

muscles, animals, machines and railroads.

Front 23

What were two important roles that helped open the west and unite the nation?

Back 23

railroads and telegraphs

Front 24

Why were railroads and telegraphs important?

Back 24

they portrayed speed and efficiency and the ability to overcome vast distances

Front 25

What jobs did the women have?

Back 25

seamstresses, laundresses, domestic servants, factory hands, and teachers

Front 26

In the North and west, slavery was slowly eliminated after:

Back 26

The American Revolution

Front 27

Even though slavery was elimiinated after the american revolution,

Back 27

blacks were regulated to dead end jobs as laborers and servants

Front 28

What was free labor and who emphasized it?

Back 28

Free labor was laborers who were not slaves.. The north and the west emphasized it

Front 29

Free laborers believed that:

Back 29

Success was not only for the ones who inherited wealth and status, but those who were self-made men such as Abraham Lincoln

Front 30

What was taught at school?

Back 30

Lessons about the free labor system: self-reliance, discipline, and hard work

Front 31

Free labor ideology emphasized :

Back 31

labor as much as freedom

Front 32

Most immigrants in the US came from:

Back 32

Germany and Ireland

Front 33

Why did the Germans leave Germany?

Back 33

to escape deteriorating economic conditions

Front 34

Irish imiigrants, unlike the Germans:

Back 34

entered the US at the bottom of the free-labor ladder and struggled

Front 35

German imigrants:

Back 35

were bakers, beer makers, carpenters, shopkeepers, etc.

Front 36

Irish immigrants came over because:

Back 36

Potato blight-- a castasrophic epidemic . they were desperately poor and hungry and diseased

Front 37

The Irish worked as

Back 37

laborers or domestic servants. dug canals, loaded ships, etc.

Front 38

What set the Irish apart from the native born residents?

Back 38

Irish were catholic, natives were protestant

Front 39

What did Americans think their superiorty and white culture gave them?

Back 39

the god-given right to spread their civilation across the continent

Front 40

The Manifest destiny was a justification for:

Back 40

white settlers to take the land they wanted

Front 41

The Manifest Destiny provided an ideological shield for:

Back 41

conquering the west

Front 42

What was imporant for the Manifest Destiny?

Back 42

national pride, racial arrogance, and economic gain

Front 43

Concentration was:

Back 43

an Indian policy restricting Native Americans to specific areas that americans promised they would never violate

Front 44

Oregon was considered:

Back 44

"one of the greatest countries in the world"

Front 45

The Mormons fled west to:

Back 45

find religious freedom and communal security

Front 46

Mormons practiced:

Back 46

polygomy (more than one wife). only 1/5 of mormans actually had more than one wife

Front 47

Americans viewed Mormons as:

Back 47

a threat to American morality, law and institution

Front 48

Every spring, Americans treked southwest to the Santa Fe trail and

Back 48

took inexpensive american goods and returned home with Mexican furs, silvers and mules

Front 49

Many Americans came to TX bc :

Back 49

land was offered for 10 cents an acre. Most were southerners who brought slaves and cotton with them

Front 50

Mexicans were afraid of losing TX to new arrivals, so they:

Back 50

banned further immigration to Texas from the US and outlawed the intro of additional slaves

Front 51

Texas settlers rebelled, and took refuge in mission called:

Back 51

The Alamo

Front 52

Texans succeeded in establishing the Lone Star Republic, a year later:

Back 52

US recognized the independence of TX from mexico

Front 53

In effort to increase mexican migration to CA, mexican govt granted:

Back 53

ranchos, which were huge estates devoted to cattle raising

Front 54

Cailfornians raised an independence movement called:

Back 54

the Bear Flag revolt

Front 55

Northerners applauded westward expansion, but they:

Back 55

imagined expansion of liberty, not the expansion of slavery

Front 56

Congress admitted Texas to the US as:

Back 56

the 15th slave state

Front 57

President Polk wanted what mexican Provinces?

Back 57

California and New Mexico

Front 58

Mexico did not want to give Polk his desired land, so:

Back 58

Mexican calvary attacked American soldiers

Front 59

Who had more soliders? (Mexican/American War)

Back 59

Mexicans had way more soldiers

Front 60

What did the Whigs believe in?

Back 60

Anti-slavery and anti-war

Front 61

In the Mexican/American war, most people died of:

Back 61

disease. nearly all who were sick died bc of the lack of medicine. only 2000 americans died from mexican bullets

Front 62

Despite their heavy loses on the battelfield, Mexico refused to:

Back 62

trade land for peace

Front 63

What was the most brutal of the M/A war?

Back 63

Scott's assault on the Mexican Capital

Front 64

American and Mexican officials signed the:

Back 64

Treaty of Guadalipe Hidalgo in Mexico city

Front 65

The Treat of Guadalupe::

Back 65

Mexico agreed to give up all claims to TX north of the Rio Grande and to cede the provinces of New Mexico and CA. US agreed to pay Mexico $15 million.

Front 66

The senate ratified

Back 66

the treaty of Guadalupe

Front 67

US claimed the stretch from :

Back 67

the atlantic to the pacific.. now a two ocean economy

Front 68

What was a consequence of Mexican Defeat:

Back 68

California gold poured into the US hands, not mexican

Front 69

Gold in CA was originally found in

Back 69

the American river. Marshall discovered it, setting off the CA gold rush

Front 70

The CA goldrush was :

Back 70

one of the wildest mining stampedes in the world's history

Front 71

Marshalls gold discovery transformed:

Back 71

CA from foreign terriorty to statehood.

Front 72

Forty-niners were:

Back 72

miners in CA. Life was nasty, brutish, and often short

Front 73

Men with gold in their pocket:

Back 73

only temporarily found relief in saloons, dog fights, etc

Front 74

San Fransisco depended on gold but suffered from:

Back 74

overcrowding, fire, crime, and violence

Front 75

Chinese began living in CA, but Anglos thought:

Back 75

they were not fit citizens of the Golden state bc of their religion, language and dress

Front 76

The majority of CHinese came to CA under a Chinese-controlled contract labor where:

Back 76

each immigrant worked out the cost of his transportation.

Front 77

The presence of foreeign people shattered the Anglo American dream of:

Back 77

a racially and ethnicallly homogenous west.

Front 78

The foreign miners law:

Back 78

levied high taxes on non-americans to drive them from the goldfields.

Front 79

Anglo Americans feared the hard working chinese labor because:

Back 79

They thought it would cut the white labor and drive it out of the country.

Front 80

Chinese were:

Back 80

segregated residentially and were made ineligable for citizenship

Front 81

The gold rush was a catastrophy for:

Back 81

Native Americans

Front 82

Indians had to move to remote areas and stay out of the way because

Back 82

white behavior towards indians was brutal

Front 83

Evangelical protestants:

Back 83

struggled to control individuals propensity to sin

Front 84

Temperance advocates:

Back 84

tried to exhort drinkers to their urge for alcohol

Front 85

The Evanelical temprament:

Back 85

energy, self-disiciple and the faith and the world could be improved

Front 86

Transcendalists believed that:

Back 86

people should look within themselves for truth and guidance.

Front 87

Disagreeing with transcendalists, many reformers tried to change the world by:

Back 87

organizing utopian communities to prevail social arrangements. these communities never attracted more than a thousand people

Front 88

Fourierist phalanxes were communities that:

Back 88

individualism and competition were evils that denied the truth that men are "brothers".

Front 89

Oneidas believed:

Back 89

in sexual and economic communalism. thought people could have sex with whoever, and land ownership was not a priority

Front 90

300 reformers led by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott gathered IN NY for :

Back 90

The first National woman's rights convention in the US.

Front 91

The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments set:

Back 91

an ambitious agenda to right and wrongs of women and society

Front 92

The Seneca Falls Declaration of sentiments demanded:

Back 92

that women have admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of the US.

Front 93

Womens rights conventions

Back 93

called for suffrage (right to vote) and an end to discrimination against women

Front 94

Seneca Declaration was not too successful but inspired:

Back 94

many women to challenge the barriers that limited their opportunities.

Front 95

Abolitionists:

Back 95

published newspapers, held conventions and petitioned congress, but they never attracted a mass following among americans

Front 96

Northerners were convinced that slavery was wrong, BUT..

Back 96

they still believed blacks were inferior

Front 97

White southerners and some northerners thought slavery was:

Back 97

necessary and desirable

Front 98

What states allowed black men to vote?

Back 98

Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont

Front 99

What state integrated its public schools?

Back 99

Massechusetts

Front 100

Many reformers focused on:

Back 100

self control and discipline, while avoiding sin and alcohol. Others focused on womans rights and slavery

Front 101

Reformers were unable to overcome:

Back 101

free labor ideology-- based on individualism, racial prejudice and notions of male supremacy.