History Ch10

Front 1

guilds

Back 1

organizations whose primary function was to regulate the business activity of a given town

Front 2

usury

Back 2

the practice of charging interest for the use of lent money

Front 3

middle class

Back 3

composed of merchants, bankers, craftsman, and skilled laborers; the 'men of the town' known as burgessess in England

Front 4

Golden Bull

Back 4

written constitution that established the "Diet" of the Holy Roman Empire

Front 5

Great Schism

Back 5

when the church had two popes each pope excommunicated the other. This divided the allegiance of the nations for forty years

Front 6

"Babylonian Captivity"

Back 6

a frenchman was elected to the papal office. He moved the papal capital from Roma to Avignon, a city in France. From 1309 to 1377 the popes -all Frenchman- resided at Avignon; this is also known as Avignon Exile

Front 7

Scholasticism

Back 7

characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosphy; the "Schoolmen" relied on two sources of knowledge: faith and reason

Front 8

vernacular

Back 8

the common spoken language of literature

Front 9

Wars of the Roses

Back 9

the series of conflicts between the houses of York and Landcaster who each fought for the English throne.

Front 10

Hundred Years' War

Back 10

war between England and France; little battles spanned the years from 1337 to 1453; England won most of the battles, but France won the war; began because of the English holdings in France.

Front 11

Gothic

Back 11

light and delicate style for churches

Front 12

taille

Back 12

royal tax from the French king

Front 13

troubadours

Back 13

wandering mistrels who popularized the vernacular in lyric poetry

Front 14

trivium

Back 14

part of the basic medieval education; one of the two groups of studies; consisting of grammar (latin), rhetoric (effective speaking), and logic

Front 15

quadrivium

Back 15

part of the basic medieval education; on of the two groups of studies; consisting of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music

Front 16

Hundred Years' War spanned from what years?

Back 16

1337-1453

Front 17

name two basic causes of the Hundred Years' War

Back 17

English landholding in France (Aquitaine), French attempt to take lord from England (flanders),

Front 18

name three results of the Hundred Years' War

Back 18

England wins most of the battles, but the French win the war; English worked on building their power making it a great nation-state; stirred French nationalism; made french a stronger country

Front 19

who served as middlemen in trade between Europe and the Orient?

Back 19

Italy

Front 20

what were the primary centers of trade on the local level in Europe

Back 20

manors

Front 21

what were the centers of trade for large-scale international trade?

Back 21

fairs

Front 22

where did we get our word for 'bank'?

Back 22

the Italian word 'banca' which means the bench which the moneychangers worked at

Front 23

what is the term for charger interest for the use of lent money?

Back 23

usury

Front 24

what institution condenmed the practice of usury during the middle ages?

Back 24

"Just price"

Front 25

what factor contributed to the growth of towns in medieval Europe?

Back 25

the amount of people living there; the trade; the farming

Front 26

list four basic freedoms shared by most townspeople

Back 26

free status; exemption from monoral obligations; town justice; commercial priviledges

Front 27

what was the primary function of a guild?

Back 27

to regulate the business activity

Front 28

what were the three classes of members of craft guilds?

Back 28

apprentices, journeymen, and masters

Front 29

what new social class arose with the rise of towns in the eleventh and twelfth centuries?

Back 29

middle class

Front 30

what were the chief occupations of the people of the middle class?

Back 30

merchants, bankers, craftsmen, and skilled laborers

Front 31

list three factors that aided a revival of learning during the twelfth century

Back 31

Improved economic and political matters, Muslim and Byzantine civilization, Increase need for education because of large government

Front 32

what were two of the earliest universities begun in Europe?

Back 32

Bologna northern Italy, and Paris.

Front 33

how did the Bologna northern Italy and Paris universities differ?

Back 33

Paris was organized by student guilds, and Italy students were supervised by schoolmasters

Front 34

what is the name of the new intellectual movement characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy?

Back 34

Scholasticism

Front 35

what did the philosophers and theologians of the Scholasticistic movement try to harmonize?

Back 35

teaching of the church

Front 36

what clouded the work of medieval science?

Back 36

magic and superstition

Front 37

who were the two greatest writers of the late Middle Ages?

Back 37

Dante Alligieri and Geoffrey Chaucey

Front 38

what was the name of Dante Aligieri's most important work of literature? (also name his native country)

Back 38

Divine Comedy; Italy

Front 39

what was the name of Geoffrey Chaucey's most important work of literature? (also name his native country)

Back 39

Canterbury Tales; England

Front 40

what people did the Spanish and Portuguese seek to drive out of the Iberian Peninsula?

Back 40

The Moors

Front 41

what was the effort of the Spanish and Portuguese trying to drive the Moors our of the Iberian Peninsula called?

Back 41

Reconquista

Front 42

what was the effort of the Spanish and Portuguese trying to drive the Moors our of the Iberian Peninsula called?

Back 42

Reconquista

Front 43

what was the German constitution called?

Back 43

the Golden Bull

Front 44

what was the German constitution called?

Back 44

the Golden Bull

Front 45

what esembly did the Golden Bull constitution establish?

Back 45

the Diet

Front 46

what esembly did the Golden Bull constitution establish?

Back 46

the Diet

Front 47

following the collapse of the Hohenstoufen house, what family came to occupy the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled it until after World War I?

Back 47

Hapsburg

Front 48

following the collapse of the Hohenstoufen house, what family came to occupy the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled it until after World War I?

Back 48

Hapsburg

Front 49

who issued the papal bull
Unam Sanctam?

Back 49

Boniface VIII

Front 50

who issued the papal bull
Unam Sanctam?

Back 50

Boniface VIII

Front 51

to what city was the papacy "Exiled"?

Back 51

France

Front 52

to what city was the papacy "Exiled"?

Back 52

France

Front 53

what is the period called that the papacy was exiled to France?

Back 53

"Babylonian Captivity"

Front 54

what is the period called that the papacy was exiled to France?

Back 54

"Babylonian Captivity"

Front 55

what church council finally settled the "Great Schism?"

Back 55

Council of Constance

Front 56

what church council finally settled the "Great Schism?"

Back 56

Council of Constance

Front 57

Henry VII

Back 57

founded the tudor dynasty in England; established power of the monarch; made England a major European power

Front 58

Henry VII

Back 58

founded the tudor dynasty in England; established power of the monarch; made England a major European power

Front 59

Moores

Back 59

Spanish Muslims who were driven out by the Catholic Reconquista

Front 60

Moores

Back 60

Spanish Muslims who were driven out by the Catholic Reconquista

Front 61

Joan of Arc

Back 61

French peasant who convices two fight English in Hundred Years' War; captured by English and burned at the stake in 1431

Front 62

Ferdinand and Isabella

Back 62

monarchs of Spain sponsered Christopher Columbus in 1492 when he found the "New World"

Front 63

Hapsburgs

Back 63

family who built a strong-power base in Southern Germany; the most powerful family in Europe for hundreds of years

Front 64

Maximillion I

Back 64

Hapsburg emperor who enlarged possessions through Spain, the HRE, and territory in the New World